Human Diseases

by Neighbors, Marianne; Tannehill-Jones, Ruth

• ISBN13: 9781401870881
• ISBN10: 1401870880
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-11-28
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

This is an essential pathophysiology text for allied health learners. It is designed to make difficult pathophysiology concepts easier to understand by using consistent organization, and includes pronunciations, boxed features, bibliographies and full-color illustrations and photos.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	xv
Preface	xvii
Reviewers	xxi
How to Use This Book	xxiii
How to Use StudyWARE™	xxv
UNIT I Concepts of Human Disease	1	(60)
Introduction to Human Diseases	2	(10)
Disease, Disorder, and Syndrome	4	(1)
Pathology	4	(1)
Pathogenesis	5	(1)
Etiology	5	(1)
Predisposing Factors	6	(1)
Age	7	(1)
Sex	7	(1)
Environment	7	(1)
Lifestyle	7	(1)
Heredity	7	(1)
Diagnosis	7	(1)
Prognosis	8	(1)
Treatment	9	(1)
Medical Ethics	10	(1)
Summary	11	(1)
Review Questions	11	(1)
Case Study	11	(1)
Bibliography	11	(1)
Mechanisms of Disease	12	(12)
Causes of Disease	14	(4)
Heredity	14	(1)
Trauma	14	(1)
Inflammation/Infection	15	(1)
Hyperplasias/Neoplasms	15	(1)
Nutritional Imbalance	16	(1)
Impaired Immunity	17	(1)
Aging	18	(1)
Death	19	(3)
Cellular Injury	19	(1)
Cellular Adaptation	20	(1)
Cell and Tissue Death	21	(1)
Organism Death	22	(1)
Summary	22	(1)
Review Questions	22	(1)
Case Study	23	(1)
Bibliography	23	(1)
Neoplasms	24	(20)
Terminology Related to Neoplasms and Tumors	26	(1)
Classification of Neoplasms	26	(1)
Benign and Malignant Neoplasms	27	(2)
Hyperplasias and Neoplasms	29	(1)
Development of Malignant Neoplasms (Cancer)	30	(1)
Invasion and Metastasis of Cancer	31	(1)
Grading and Staging of Cancer	31	(1)
Causes of Cancer	32	(2)
Chemical Carcinogens	32	(1)
Hormones	32	(1)
Radiation	33	(1)
Viruses	33	(1)
Genetic Predisposition	33	(1)
Personal Risk Behaviors	33	(1)
Smoking and Tobacco Products Use	34	(1)
Diet	34	(1)
Alcohol Use	34	(1)
Sexual Behavior	34	(1)
Cancer Prevention	34	(1)
Frequency of Cancer	35	(2)
Diagnosis of Cancer	37	(2)
Signs and Symptoms of Cancer	39	(1)
Cancer Treatment	40	(1)
Summary	41	(1)
Review Questions	42	(1)
Case Study	43	(1)
Bibliography	43	(1)
Inflammation and Infection	44	(17)
Defense Mechanisms	46	(1)
Inflammation	47	(1)
The Inflammatory Process	47	(2)
Chronic Inflammation	49	(1)
Inflammatory Exudates	49	(1)
Inflammatory Lesions	49	(1)
Abscesses	49	(1)
Ulcer	50	(1)
Cellulitis	50	(1)
Tissue Repair and Healing	50	(3)
Tissue Repair	51	(1)
Regeneration	51	(1)
Fibrous Connective Tissue Repair (Scar Formation)	51	(1)
Tissue Healing	51	(1)
Primary Union (First Intention)	51	(1)
Secondary Union (Secondary Intention)	51	(2)
Delayed Wound Healing	53	(1)
Complications of Wound Healing	53	(1)
Infection	53	(6)
Frequency and Types of Infection	54	(1)
Bacteria	55	(1)
Viruses	56	(1)
Fungi	56	(1)
Rickettsiae	57	(1)
Protozoa	57	(1)
Helminths	57	(1)
Testing for Infection	57	(2)
Summary	59	(1)
Review Questions	59	(1)
Case Study	60	(1)
Bibliography	60	(1)
Unit II Common Diseases and Disorders of Body Systems	61	(302)
Immune System Diseases and Disorders	62	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	64	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	65	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	66	(1)
Common Diseases of the Immune System	67	(13)
Hypersensitivity Disorders	67	(1)
Allergies	67	(3)
Autoimmune Disorders	70	(5)
Isoimmune Disorders	75	(2)
Immune Deficiency Disorders	77	(3)
Trauma	80	(1)
Rare Diseases	80	(1)
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID)	80	(1)
Effects of Aging on the Immune System	81	(1)
Summary	81	(1)
Review Questions	81	(1)
Case Study	82	(1)
Bibliography	82	(2)
Musculoskeletal System Diseases and Disorders	84	(26)
Anatomy and Physiology	86	(2)
Common Signs and Symptoms	88	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	88	(1)
Common Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System	88	(10)
Diseases of the Bone	88	(1)
Spinal Deformities---Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis	88	(2)
Osteoporosis	90	(2)
Osteomyelitis	92	(1)
Osteomalacia	92	(1)
Diseases of the Joints	92	(1)
Arthritis	92	(2)
Gout	94	(1)
Hallux Valgus	95	(1)
Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)	96	(1)
Diseases of the Muscles and Connective Tissue	96	(1)
Neoplasms	97	(1)
Trauma	98	(8)
Fracture	98	(1)
Types of Fractures	98	(1)
Treatment of Fractures	98	(2)
Complications of Fractures	100	(1)
Strains and Sprains	100	(1)
Dislocations and Subluxations	101	(1)
Low Back Pain (LBP)	102	(1)
Bursitis	103	(1)
Tendonitis	104	(1)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	104	(1)
Plantar Fasciitis	104	(1)
Torn Rotator Cuff	105	(1)
Torn Meniscus	105	(1)
Cruciate Ligament Tears	105	(1)
Shin Splints	106	(1)
Rare Diseases	106	(1)
de Quervain's Disease	106	(1)
Tuberculosis of the Bone	106	(1)
Paget's Disease	106	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	107	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	107	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	107	(1)
Summary	107	(1)
Review Questions	108	(1)
Case Study	108	(1)
Bibliography	109	(1)
Blood and Blood-Forming Organs Diseases and Disorders	110	(16)
Anatomy and Physiology	112	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	113	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	114	(1)
Common Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs	115	(6)
Disorders of Red Blood Cells	116	(1)
Anemia	116	(2)
Polycythemia	118	(1)
Disorders of White Blood Cells	118	(1)
Mononucleosis	118	(1)
Leukemia	118	(1)
Lymphoma	119	(1)
Multiple Myeloma	119	(1)
Disorders of Platelets	120	(1)
Hemophilia	120	(1)
Thrombocytopenia	120	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)	121	(1)
Trauma	121	(1)
Rare Diseases	121	(1)
Thalassemia	121	(1)
Von Willebrand's Disease	121	(1)
Lymphosarcoma	121	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	122	(1)
Summary	122	(1)
Review Questions	122	(2)
Case Study	124	(1)
Bibliography	125	(1)
Cardiovascular System Diseases and Disorders	126	(26)
Anatomy and Physiology	128	(2)
Common Signs and Symptoms	130	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	130	(3)
Common Diseases of the Cardiovascular System	133	(13)
Diseases of Arteries	133	(1)
Hypertension	133	(2)
Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis	135	(2)
Noncontrollable Factors	137	(1)
Controllable Factors	138	(1)
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)	138	(1)
Aneurysm	138	(1)
Coronary Artery Disease	138	(2)
Diseases of the Heart	140	(1)
Coronary Heart Disease	140	(1)
Angina Pectoris	140	(1)
Myocardial Infarction	141	(1)
Hypertensive Heart Disease	142	(1)
Rheumatic Heart Disease	142	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	143	(1)
Cardiomyopathy	143	(1)
Carditis	143	(1)
Valvular Heart Disease	144	(1)
Arrhythmias	144	(1)
Diseases of the Veins	144	(1)
Phlebitis	144	(1)
Varicose Veins	145	(1)
Trauma	146	(1)
Hemorrhage	146	(1)
Shock	146	(1)
Rare Diseases	147	(1)
Malignant Hypertension	147	(1)
Cor Pulmonale	147	(1)
Raynaud's Disease	147	(1)
Buerger's Disease	148	(1)
Polyarteritis Nodosa	148	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	148	(1)
Summary	148	(1)
Review Questions	149	(1)
Case Study	150	(1)
Bibliography	150	(2)
Respiratory System Diseases and Disorders	152	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	154	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	155	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	156	(1)
Common Diseases of the Respiratory System	157	(12)
Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract	158	(1)
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)	158	(1)
Diseases of the Bronchi and Lungs	159	(1)
Asthma	159	(1)
Acute Bronchitis	159	(1)
Influenza (Flu)	160	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	160	(2)
Atelectasis	162	(1)
Pneumonia	162	(1)
Pulmonary Abscess	162	(1)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)	163	(2)
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)	165	(1)
Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)	165	(1)
Lung Cancer	165	(1)
Diseases of the Pleura and Chest	166	(1)
Pleurisy (Pleuritis)	166	(1)
Pneumothorax	166	(1)
Hemothorax	167	(1)
Pleural Effusion (Hydrothorax)	167	(1)
Empyema	167	(1)
Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems	168	(1)
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)	168	(1)
Pulmonary Edema	168	(1)
Cor Pulmonale	168	(1)
Trauma	169	(1)
Pneumothorax and Hemothorax	169	(1)
Suffocation	169	(1)
Rare Diseases	169	(2)
Pneumoconiosis	169	(1)
Fungal Diseases	169	(2)
Legionnaires' Disease	171	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	171	(1)
Summary	171	(1)
Review Questions	172	(1)
Case Study	172	(1)
Bibliography	173	(1)
Lymphatic System Diseases and Disorders	174	(8)
Anatomy and Physiology	176	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	177	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	177	(1)
Common Diseases of the Lymphatic System	177	(2)
Lymphadenitis	177	(1)
Lymphangitis	177	(1)
Lymphedema	178	(1)
Lymphoma	179	(1)
Mononucleosis	179	(1)
Rare Diseases	179	(1)
Kawasaki Disease	179	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	179	(1)
Summary	180	(1)
Review Questions	180	(1)
Case Study	180	(1)
Bibliography	181	(1)
Digestive System Diseases and Disorders	182	(24)
Anatomy and Physiology	184	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	185	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	186	(2)
Common Diseases of the Digestive System	188	(13)
Diseases of the Mouth	188	(2)
Diseases of the Throat and Esophagus	190	(1)
Diseases of the Stomach	191	(1)
Diseases of the Small Intestine	192	(2)
Diseases of the Colon	194	(6)
Diseases of the Rectum	200	(1)
Trauma	201	(1)
Trauma to the Mouth	201	(1)
Trauma to the Stomach and Intestines	202	(1)
Rare Diseases	202	(1)
Achalasia	202	(1)
Gluten-Induced Enteropathy	202	(1)
Intestinal Polyps	202	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	202	(1)
Summary	203	(1)
Review Questions	203	(1)
Case Study	204	(1)
Bibliography	204	(2)
Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders	206	(14)
Anatomy and Physiology	208	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	209	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	209	(1)
Common Diseases of the Accessory Organs of Digestion	209	(7)
Liver Diseases	209	(5)
Gallbladder Diseases	214	(2)
Pancreas Diseases	216	(1)
Rare Diseases	216	(1)
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis	216	(1)
Gilbert's Syndrome	217	(1)
Hemochromatosis	217	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	217	(1)
Summary	217	(1)
Review Questions	217	(2)
Case Study	219	(1)
Bibliography	219	(1)
Urinary System Diseases and Disorders	220	(20)
Anatomy and Physiology	222	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	222	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	223	(1)
Common Diseases of the Urinary System	224	(12)
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)	224	(3)
Diseases of the Kidney	227	(7)
Diseases of the Bladder	234	(2)
Trauma	236	(1)
Straddle Injuries	236	(1)
Neurogenic Bladder	236	(1)
Rare Diseases	236	(1)
Goodpasture Syndrome	236	(1)
Interstitial Cystitis	236	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	236	(1)
Summary	237	(1)
Review Questions	237	(1)
Case Study	238	(1)
Bibliography	238	(2)
Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders	240	(20)
Anatomy and Physiology	242	(3)
Common Signs and Symptoms	245	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	245	(1)
Common Diseases of the Endocrine System	245	(12)
Pituitary Gland Diseases	245	(2)
Thyroid Gland Diseases	247	(2)
Parathyroid Gland Diseases	249	(1)
Adrenal Gland Diseases	250	(2)
Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans Diseases	252	(4)
Reproductive Gland Diseases	256	(1)
Trauma	257	(1)
Rare Diseases	257	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	257	(1)
Summary	257	(1)
Review Questions	258	(1)
Case Study	259	(1)
Bibliography	259	(1)
Nervous System Diseases and Disorders	260	(24)
Anatomy and Physiology	262	(2)
The Central Nervous System (CNS)	262	(1)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)	263	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	264	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	265	(1)
Common Diseases of the Nervous System	265	(11)
Infectious Diseases	265	(3)
Vascular Disorders	268	(1)
Functional Disorders	269	(4)
Dementias	273	(1)
Sleep Disorders	274	(1)
Tumors	275	(1)
Trauma	276	(4)
Concussions and Contusions	276	(1)
Skull Fractures	276	(1)
Epidural and Subdural Hematomas	277	(1)
Spinal Cord Injury---Quadriplegia and Paraplegia	278	(2)
Rare Diseases	280	(2)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)	280	(1)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	280	(1)
Huntington's Chorea	280	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)	281	(1)
Parkinson's Disease	281	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	282	(1)
Summary	282	(1)
Review Questions	282	(1)
Case Study	283	(1)
Bibliography	283	(1)
Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders	284	(20)
Anatomy and Physiology	286	(2)
Eye	286	(1)
Ear	287	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	288	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	288	(1)
Diagnostic Tests of the Eye	288	(1)
Diagnostic Tests of the Ear	289	(1)
Common Diseases of the Eye	289	(6)
Refractive Errors	289	(1)
Inflammation and Infection	290	(2)
Cataract	292	(1)
Glaucoma	293	(1)
Nystagmus	293	(1)
Strabismus	294	(1)
Macular Degeneration	294	(1)
Diabetic Retinopathy	294	(1)
Color Blindness	294	(1)
Common Diseases of the Ear	295	(4)
Infection	295	(2)
Deafness	297	(2)
Motion Sickness	299	(1)
Trauma	299	(1)
Corneal Abrasion	299	(1)
Retinal Detachment	300	(1)
Ruptured Tympanic Membrane	300	(1)
Rare Diseases	300	(1)
Retinoblastoma	300	(1)
Meniere's Disease	300	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	301	(1)
Summary	302	(1)
Review Questions	302	(1)
Case Study	303	(1)
Bibliography	303	(1)
Reproductive System Diseases and Disorders	304	(34)
Anatomy and Physiology	306	(2)
Female Anatomy and Physiology	306	(1)
Male Anatomy and Physiology	307	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	308	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	308	(3)
Common Diseases of the Reproductive System	311	(22)
Female Reproductive System Diseases	311	(7)
Diseases of the Breast	318	(1)
Disorders of Pregnancy	319	(3)
Male Reproductive System Diseases	322	(5)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)	327	(4)
Sexual Dysfunction	331	(2)
Trauma	333	(1)
Rape	333	(1)
Rare Diseases	333	(1)
Vaginal Cancer	333	(1)
Puerperal Sepsis	333	(1)
Hydatidiform Mole	333	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	334	(1)
Summary	334	(1)
Review Questions	334	(1)
Case Study	335	(1)
Bibliography	336	(2)
Integumentary System Diseases and Disorders	338	(25)
Anatomy and Physiology	340	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms	341	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	341	(1)
Common Diseases of the Integumentary System	341	(13)
Infectious Diseases	341	(1)
Viral Diseases	341	(3)
Bacterial Diseases	344	(1)
Fungal Diseases	345	(1)
Parasitic Diseases	346	(1)
Metabolic Diseases	347	(1)
Hypersensitivity or Immune Diseases	348	(1)
Idiopathic Diseases	349	(1)
Benign Tumors	350	(1)
Premalignant and Malignant Tumors	351	(2)
Abnormal Pigmented Lesions	353	(1)
Diseases of the Nails	353	(1)
Diseases of the Hair	354	(1)
Trauma	354	(4)
Mechanical Skin Injury	354	(1)
Thermal Skin Injury	355	(1)
Hyperthermia	355	(1)
Burns	355	(2)
Cold Injuries	357	(1)
Electrical Injury	357	(1)
Radiation Injury	358	(1)
Pressure Injury	358	(1)
Decubitus Ulcer	358	(1)
Corns and Calluses	358	(1)
Rare Diseases	358	(1)
Elephantiasis	358	(1)
Effects of Aging on the System	358	(1)
Summary	359	(1)
Review Questions	359	(1)
Case Study	360	(1)
Bibliography	360	(3)
UNIT III Genetic/Developmental, Childhood, and Mental Health Diseases and Disorders	363	(64)
Genetic and Developmental Diseases and Disorders	364	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	366	(4)
Common Signs and Symptoms	370	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	370	(1)
Common Genetic and Developmental Disorders	370	(11)
Musculoskeletal	370	(2)
Neurologic	372	(2)
Cardiovascular	374	(2)
Blood	376	(1)
Digestive	376	(3)
Urinary	379	(1)
Reproductive	380	(1)
Multisystem Diseases and Disorders	380	(1)
Trauma	381	(1)
Failure to Thrive	381	(1)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome	382	(1)
Congenital Rubella Syndrome	382	(1)
Rare Diseases	382	(1)
Anencephaly	382	(1)
Achondroplasia	382	(1)
Tay-Sachs Disease	382	(1)
Summary	382	(1)
Review Questions	383	(2)
Case Study	385	(1)
Bibliography	385	(1)
Childhood Diseases and Disorders	386	(20)
Infectious Diseases	388	(7)
Viral Diseases	388	(3)
Bacterial Diseases	391	(2)
Fungal Diseases	393	(1)
Parasitic Diseases	394	(1)
Respiratory Diseases	395	(1)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)	395	(1)
Croup	395	(1)
Adenoid Hyperplasia	395	(1)
Asthma	395	(1)
Pneumonia	396	(1)
Digestive Diseases	396	(1)
Fluid Imbalances	396	(1)
Food Allergies	396	(1)
Eating Disorders	397	(1)
Cardiovascular Diseases	397	(1)
Musculoskeletal Diseases	397	(1)
Legg-Calve-Perthes	397	(1)
Ewing's Sarcoma	398	(1)
Blood Diseases	398	(1)
Leukemia	398	(1)
Neurologic Diseases	398	(1)
Reye's Syndrome	398	(1)
Eye and Ear Diseases	399	(1)
Strabismus	399	(1)
Deafness	399	(1)
Trauma	399	(4)
Child Abuse	399	(1)
Suicide	400	(1)
Drug Abuse	400	(1)
Poisoning	401	(2)
Summary	403	(1)
Review Questions	404	(1)
Case Study	405	(1)
Bibliography	405	(1)
Mental Health Diseases and Disorders	406	(21)
Common Signs and Symptoms	408	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	408	(1)
Common Mental Health Disorders	408	(14)
Developmental Mental Health Disorders	408	(2)
Substance-Related Mental Disorders	410	(4)
Organic Mental Disorders	414	(1)
Psychosis	415	(1)
Mood or Affective Disorders	416	(1)
Dissociative Disorders	417	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	418	(1)
Somatoform Disorders	419	(1)
Personality Disorders	420	(1)
Gender Identity Disorder	421	(1)
Sexual Disorders	421	(1)
Sleep Disorders	421	(1)
Trauma	422	(1)
Grief	422	(1)
Suicide	422	(1)
Rare Diseases	423	(1)
Mental Health Disorders in the Older Adult	423	(1)
Summary	423	(1)
Review Questions	423	(1)
Case Study	424	(1)
Bibliography	424	(3)
Appendix A: Common Laboratory Values	427	(2)
Appendix B: Metric Conversion Tables	429	(2)
Appendix C: Glossary	431	(12)
Appendix D: The Most Commonly Prescribed Medications	443	(8)
Appendix E: References	451	(2)
Index	453