Human Sexuality

by Hock, Roger R.

• ISBN13: 9780132616867
• ISBN10: 0132616866
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This book is unique in that it takes an interpersonal approach to human sexuality through its casual, friendly, and conversational writing style. With a firm psychosocial foundation, the author is sensitive to all categories of reader diversity, sexual experience, attitudes, knowledge, etc., allowingallto feel as comfortable and as open as possible to reading and relating personally to the material.Discusses all areas of sexualitypsychological, social, and biologicalbut with a firm psychosocial foundation.For anyone that wants or needs to relate to human sexualityeither for their own personal growthor for their careers in the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, health and biology, or marriage and family.

Table of Contents

Preface	xviii
About the Author	xxviii
Studying Human Sexuality	2	(34)
Historical Perspectives: A Human Sexuality Time Line	5	(1)
Experiencing Human Sexuality	6	(3)
Sex Is Emotional	6	(1)
Enriching Self-Knowledge	6	(1)
Developing Morals and Values	6	(1)
Making Responsible Choices	7	(1)
Sex Is More than Intercourse	8	(1)
Enhancing Sexual Fulfillment	8	(1)
Understanding Human Sexuality	9	(7)
It's More Complex than You Think	9	(1)
Self-Discovery Sexual Knowledge Self-Test	9	(2)
People Know a lot about Sex---And Much of It Is Wrong	11	(1)
Tolerance and Respect for Sexual Diversity	12	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Sex Education in China	13
What Is ``Normal'' Sexuality?	12	(2)
Self-Discovery Am I Sexually Normal?	14	(1)
Sexual Health	14	(1)
Parenting	14	(1)
Evaluating Sexual Research	15	(1)
Methods for Studying Human Sexuality	16	(15)
Surveys	17	(7)
Evaluating Sexual Research ``What Men and Women Really Want in Bed! Take Our Reader's Survey''	24
Case Studies	23	(3)
Evaluating Sexual Research A Case Study of a Case Study	26
Observational Studies	25	(2)
Correlational Research	27	(2)
Experimental Research	29	(2)
Ethics and Sexuality Research	31	(2)
Protection from Harm	31	(1)
Informed Consent	32	(1)
Freedom to Withdraw	32	(1)
Debriefing	32	(1)
Confidentiality	33	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Studying Human Sexuality	33	(3)
Sexual Anatomy	36	(36)
Historical Perspectives: Anatomy in the Dark Ages	39	(1)
The Male Sexual Body	40	(10)
Male External Structures	40	(2)
Sexuality and Culture Male Circumcision in the United States	42	(3)
Evaluating Sexual Research Self-Reports of Penis Size	45	(2)
Self-Discovery Testicular Self-Examination	47	(1)
Male Internal Structures	48	(2)
The Female Sexual Body	50	(15)
Female External Structures	51	(3)
Sexuality and Culture Female Genital Mutilation	54	(3)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Urinary Tract Infections: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention	57	(3)
Self-Discovery Breast Self-Awareness	60	(1)
Female Internal Structures	60	(5)
Menstruation	65	(4)
The Menstrual Cycle	65	(2)
Menstrual Problems	67
In Touch with Your Sexual Health PMS or PMDD?	66	(3)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexual Anatomy	69	(3)
The Physiology of Human Sexual Responding	72	(22)
Historical Perspectives: Sexual Pioneers	74	(2)
Biology, Psychology, and Human Sexual Responding	76	(1)
Masters and Johnson: The Excitement-Plateau-Orgasm-Resolution Model	76	(12)
Excitement	78	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Tantric Sexual Techniques	78	(1)
Plateau	79	(1)
Orgasm	80	(1)
Self-Discovery Clitoral Erection and the Myth of Female Orgasms during Heterosexual Intercourse	81	(3)
Resolution	84	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health The Health Benefits of Orgasm	84	(1)
Variations in Orgasm	85	(1)
The ``G-Spot'' and Female Ejaculation	86	(2)
Alternatives to Masters and Johnson	88	(3)
Kaplan's Three-Stage Model of Sexual Response	88	(1)
Reed's Erotic Stimulus Pathway Theory	89	(1)
A ``New View'' of Women's Sexual Response	90	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: The Physiology of Human Sexual Responding	91	(3)
Love, Intimacy, and Sexual Communication	94	(48)
Historical Perspectives: George and Martha in Love and Marriage	97	(1)
Establishing Early Intimacy	98	(8)
Field of Eligibles	98	(1)
Self-Discovery Your Field of Eligibles	99	(1)
Physical Attractiveness	100	(1)
Proximity	101	(1)
Similarity	102	(1)
Flirting	103	(3)
Reciprocity of Attraction	106	(1)
Love	106	(9)
Styles of Love	106	(1)
Self-Discovery Styles of Love Scale	107	(3)
Combining Love Styles	110	(1)
The Triangular Theory of Love	111	(2)
Applying the Triangular Theory	113	(1)
Self-Discovery the Triangle of Your Love	113	(2)
Communication in Love Relationships	115	(12)
Self-Disclosure: How Much Should You Reveal about Yourself?	115	(2)
Behavioral Attributions: Why Did You Do That?	117	(1)
Patterns of Effective Communication	118	(2)
Communication Warning Signs	120	(2)
Improving Communication	122	(2)
Sexual Communication	124	(3)
Self-Discovery Guidelines for Sexual Communication	127	(1)
Losing Love: Why Relationships End	127	(4)
Ten Reasons Why Relationships Fail	127	(4)
Abusive and Violent Relationships	131	(8)
Types of Relationship Abuse	132	(2)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Signs of Relationship Abuse	134	(1)
The Cycle of Violence and Abuse	135	(1)
Leaving a Violent Relationship	136	(1)
The Temptation to Go Back	136	(1)
Self-Discovery Your Criteria for a Healthy, Nonabusive Relationship	137	(1)
Loving Again	137	(2)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Love, Intimacy, and Sexual Communication	139	(3)
Contraception: Planning and Preventing Pregnancy	142	(46)
Historical Perspectives: The Politics of Contraception	145	(1)
Choosing A Method of Contraception	146	(3)
An Individual or Shared Decision?	146	(1)
Lifestyle Considerations	146	(1)
Self-Discovery Contraceptive Method Comfort and Confidence Scale	147	(1)
Unreliable Methods	148	(1)
Reliable Contraception Methods	149	(1)
Methods for Preventing Pregnancy and STIs	149	(11)
Abstinence and ``Outercourse''	153	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Choosing Abstinence---Steps for Success	154	(1)
Male Condoms	154	(3)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Using Male Condoms Correctly	157	(1)
The Female Condom	158	(2)
Methods for Preventing Pregnancy (But Not STIs)	160	(22)
Female Hormonal Methods	160	(3)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Missed Your Pill? Here's What You Should Do	163	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Pros, Cons, and Cautions of Using Oral Contraceptives	164	(6)
Barrier Methods	170	(3)
Fertility Awareness Methods	173	(4)
Intrauterine Methods	177	(2)
Surgical Methods	179	(3)
Avoiding Abortion as Birth Control	182	(1)
Experimental and Future Methods of Birth Control	182	(3)
Future Methods for Men	182	(2)
Future Methods for Women	184	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Contraception	185	(3)
Sexual Behaviors: Experiencing Sexual Pleasure	188	(38)
Historical Perspectives: Masturbation Will Be the Death of You . . .	191	(1)
Your Sexual Comfort Zone	192	(2)
Erotophobia-Erotophilia	192	(1)
Why Your SOS Score Is Important	192	(1)
Sources of Your SOS Score	192	(1)
Self-Discovery Finding Your Sexual Comfort Zone	193	(1)
Solitary and Shared Sexual Behaviors	194	(1)
Sexual Fantasy	195	(7)
When Sexual Fantasies May Cause Problems	197	(1)
Sex Differences in the Experience and Content of Sexual Fantasy	198	(2)
Fantasy versus Reality	200	(1)
Using Sexual Fantasy to Enhance Your Relationship	200	(1)
Self-Discovery What Turns You On?	201	(1)
Masturbation	202	(6)
Evaluating Sexual Research Self-Reporting of Personal Information	203	(1)
Changing Attitudes about Masturbation	203	(2)
Masturbation's Role with Other Sexual Behaviors	205	(1)
Techniques of Masturbation	206	(2)
Erotic Touch	208	(5)
How to Touch Your Partner	209	(1)
Kissing	210	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Cultural Variations in Kissing Behavior	211	(1)
Touching the Breasts and Nipples	212	(1)
Genital Touching	212	(1)
Oral Sex	213	(4)
Cunnilingus	213	(1)
Fellatio	214	(1)
Why Some People Like Oral Sex	214	(1)
Why Some People Object to Oral Sex	215	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Oral Sex and STIs	216	(1)
Coitus	217	(5)
Positions for Coitus	217	(3)
Frequency and Duration of Coitus	220	(1)
Coitus and Orgasm	221	(1)
Anal Stimulation	222	(1)
Cautions Regarding Anal Intercourse	222	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexual Behaviors	223	(3)
Sexual Problems and Solutions	226	(44)
Historical Perspectives: Before Masters and Johnson	229	(1)
What is a Sexual Problem?	229	(4)
How Common are Sexual Problems?	231	(1)
Evaluating a Sexual Problem: A Three-Dimensional Model	232	(1)
Sources of Sexual Problems	233	(7)
Biological or Physiological Causes	234	(2)
Psychological Causes	236	(1)
Relationship Issues	237	(2)
Cultural Expectations	239	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Forbidden Love	240	(1)
General Treatment Principles	240	(5)
Sensate Focus	241	(1)
Self-Discovery A Sex Therapist's Instructions for Sensate Focus Exercises	242	(1)
Masturbation as Treatment	243	(1)
Communication	244	(1)
Self-Discovery Mirroring: A Potential Problem with Nonverbal Communication	245	(1)
Specific Problems and Solutions	245	(22)
Problems with Sexual Desire	245	(2)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Uncovering Possible Causes of Hypoactive Sexual Desire	247	(2)
Problems with Sexual Arousal	249	(3)
Self-Discovery Self-Screening for Erectile Dysfunction	252	(5)
Problems with Orgasm	257	(7)
Painful Sex	264	(2)
A ``New View'' of Female Sexual Problems	266	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexual Problems and Solutions	267	(3)
Sexually Transmitted Infections	270	(52)
Historical Perspectives: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study	272	(1)
The STI Epidemic	273	(1)
Risk Factors for STIs	274	(5)
Lack of STI Symptoms	274	(1)
Lack of Accurate Information	275	(1)
``Unhealthy'' Sexual Emotions	275	(1)
Poor Sexual Communication	276	(1)
Substance Abuse	277	(1)
High-Risk Sexual Behaviors	277	(1)
Self-Discovery STI Risk Scale	278	(1)
Specific Sexually Transmitted Infections	279	(3)
Viral STIs	282	(21)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Living with an Incurable STI	284
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	283	(4)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)	287	(2)
Human Papilloma Virus (Genital Warts)	289	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health HPV, Cervical Cancer, and the Pap Test: Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening	290	(2)
HIV and AIDS	292	(1)
Sexuality and Culture The HIV/AIDS Pandemic	293	(10)
Bacterial STIs	303	(9)
Chlamydia	303	(2)
Gonorrhea	305	(2)
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)	307	(1)
Syphilis	307	(2)
Chancroid	309	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)	310	(1)
Treatment for Bacterial STIs	311	(1)
Parasitic STIs: Sexually Transmitted Bugs?	312	(1)
Trichomoniasis	312	(1)
Public Lice	312	(1)
Scabies	313	(1)
Preventing STIs	313	(7)
Obtaining Accurate Information about STIs	314	(1)
Overcoming Unhealthy Emotions about Sex	314	(1)
Self-Discovery STI Testing	315	(1)
Communicating Effectively about Sex	315	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Disclosing an STI to a Sexual Partner	316	(1)
Avoiding Mixing Sex and Substance Abuse	317	(1)
Refraining from Risky Sexual Behaviors	318	(1)
Evaluating Sexual Research The Condom Effectiveness Controversy	319	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexually Transmitted Infections	320	(2)
Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth	322	(48)
Historical Perspectives: The Pain of Giving Birth	325	(1)
Deciding Whether or Not to Have a Child	326	(3)
Choosing Not to Have a Child	326	(1)
Self-Discovery Are You Ready to Be a Parent?	327	(2)
Influence of the Child's Sex	329	(1)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law Sex Preselection Technology	330
Conception	329	(5)
Ovulation: The Ovum's Journey	329	(3)
The Sperm's Journey	332	(1)
The Ovum-Sperm Rendezvous	333	(1)
Pregnancy	334	(2)
First Trimester	335	(1)
Second Trimester	335	(1)
Third Trimester	336	(1)
Potential Problems in Pregnancy	336	(7)
Ectopic Pregnancy	338	(1)
Miscarriage	338	(1)
Preterm Birth	339	(2)
Fetal Abnormalities (Birth Defects)	341	(1)
Teratogens	342	(1)
Embryonic and Fetal Testing	342	(1)
Abortion	343	(7)
Abortion Procedures	343	(1)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law The Abortion Controversy	344	(3)
The Psychological and Emotional Experience of Abortion	347	(1)
Reducing the Number of Abortions	348	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Russia's Legacy of Abortion	349	(1)
Birth	350	(7)
Labor	350	(3)
Choices and Decisions in Childbirth	353	(4)
Postpartum Issues	357	(3)
Postpartum Depression	357	(1)
Self-Discovery A Postpartum Depression Checklist	358	(1)
Sexual Activities after Childbirth	359	(1)
Return of the Fertility Cycle	359	(1)
Impaired Fertility	360	(6)
Scope of the Infertility Problem	360	(1)
Causes of Impaired Fertility	361	(2)
Fertility Testing	363	(1)
Solutions to Impaired Fertility	364	(2)
Adoption	366	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth	367	(3)
Gender: Expectations, Roles, and Behaviors	370	(34)
Historical Perspectives: The Story of Christine Jorgensen	373	(1)
The Distinctions Between Sex and Gender Identity	374	(1)
The Development of Biological Sex	374	(4)
Variations in Biological Sex	375	(2)
Intersexuality	377	(1)
The Development of Gender Identity	378	(9)
Biology and Gender Development	378	(1)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law Intersexual Politics	379	(1)
Socialization and Gender Identity	380	(4)
Transgenderism	384	(3)
Gender and Sexual Orientation	387	(1)
Gender Roles and Stereotypes	388	(8)
How Do Gender Stereotypes Develop?	388	(1)
Self-Discovery Gender Stereotypes	389	(1)
The ``Truth'' about Gender Stereotypes	390	(3)
Evaluating Sexual Research The Meta-Analysis	393	(3)
Origins of Gender Revisited	396	(2)
Sexuality and Culture The Hijras: The Third Sex of India and Pakistan	397	(1)
Nature	397	(1)
Nurture	397	(1)
Androgyny	398	(3)
Measuring Androgyny	399	(1)
Research on Androgyny	399	(2)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Gender	401	(3)
Sexual Orientation	404	(36)
Historical Perspectives: The Stonewall Riot	407	(1)
Straight, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual: A Closer Look	408	(3)
Sexual Orientation as Defined by Alfred Kinsey	408	(1)
Bisexuality	409	(1)
Self-Discovery A Sexual Orientation Worksheet	410	(1)
Nonheterosexual Orientations: Issues and Attitudes	411	(4)
Is Sexual Orientation a Choice?	412	(1)
Gay Marriage	412	(1)
Sexual Orientation and Having Children	413	(1)
Interpersonal Qualities of Nonheterosexual Relationships	414	(1)
Theories of Sexual Orientation	415	(8)
Biological Influences on Sexual Orientation	416	(4)
Experiential and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation	420	(1)
A Biological-Environmental Interactive Approach	420	(2)
Do the Origins of Sexual Orientation Matter?	422	(1)
Coming Out	423	(5)
When Do People Come Out?	424	(1)
The Coming-Out Process	424	(2)
The Dangers and Pitfalls of Coming Out	426	(2)
Sexual Orientation and HIV	428	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health AIDS Stigma	429	(1)
Prejudice, Discrimination, and the Gay Rights Movement	429	(7)
Laws against Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation	429	(2)
Laws Prohibiting Gay and Lesbian Sexual Behaviors	431	(3)
Sexuality and Culture Laws Applying to Same-Sex Behaviors in Selected Countries	434
Hate Crimes and Sexual Orientation	433	(2)
The Psychology of Violent Crime against Nonheterosexual Groups	435	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexual Orientation	436	(4)
Sexual Development throughout Life	440	(38)
Historical Perspectives: Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development: Oedipus and Electra?	443	(1)
Sexuality in Infancy and Childhood	444	(6)
Childhood Masturbation	445	(1)
Self-Discovery Masturbation in Young Children	446	(1)
Childhood Sex Play	446	(1)
When Childhood Sexual Behavior Is Not ``Normal''	447	(2)
How Children Learn about Sex	449	(1)
Sexuality in Adolescence	450	(11)
In Touch with Your [Children's] Sexual Health Guidelines for Talking to Children about Sex	451	(1)
Physical Changes of Puberty	452	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health The Physical Changes of Puberty	453	(1)
Romantic Relationships in Adolescence	454	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Teen Dating and Violence	455	(1)
The Beginnings of Sexual Activity	456	(1)
Teen Oral Sex	457	(2)
Birth Control and Pregnancy in Adolescence	459	(1)
Adolescents and STIs	460	(1)
Sexuality in College	461	(4)
Sexual Activity on College Campuses	462	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Infections among College Students	463	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health STIs: Why Students Decide to be Tested . . . or Not	464	(1)
The Alcohol-Sex Link in College Students	465	(1)
Sexuality in Adulthood	465	(6)
Adult Intimate Relationships	465	(2)
Evaluating Sexual Research Self-Selecting Couples: Not Exactly Apples and Oranges, but . . .	467	(2)
Sexual Behavior in Marriage	469	(1)
Sexual Problems in Adulthood	470	(1)
Sexuality and Aging	471	(4)
Normal Age-Related Changes in Sexual Responding	472	(1)
Aging and Dating	472	(2)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Sex and Nursing Homes	474	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexual Development Throughout Life	475	(3)
Sexual Aggression and Violence: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Harassment	478	(38)
Historical Perspectives: Marital Rape	481	(1)
Rape	482	(16)
Defining Rape	483	(1)
Types of Rape	483	(1)
Can a Man Be Raped?	483	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Daily Precautions Taken to Prevent Being Sexually Assaulted or Raped	484	(1)
Rape Myths	485	(2)
Rape on Campus	487	(4)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law Date Rape Drugs	491	(2)
Can We Predict Who Will Rape?	493	(1)
What to Do If You Are Raped	493	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Guidelines for Rape Survivors	494	(1)
The Aftermath of Rape	494	(1)
Preventing Rape	495	(1)
Self-Discovery Staying Safe from Rape	496	(2)
Child Sexual Abuse	498	(10)
Who Are the Abusers?	499	(1)
How Common Is Child Sexual Abuse?	500	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Selected Countries	501	(1)
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse on the Victims	502	(3)
Reducing Child Sexual Abuse	505	(2)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law Megan's Law	507	(1)
Sexual Harassment	508	(5)
Defining Sexual Harassment	508	(2)
Sexual Harassment Settings	510	(2)
Self-Discovery Defining Sexually Harassing Behaviors	512	(1)
Effects of Sexual Harassment on the Victim	513	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Sexual Aggression and Violence	513	(3)
Paraphilias: The Extremes of Sexual Behavior	516	(32)
Historical Perspectives: An Early Account of Paraphilias	518	(1)
Defining Paraphilias	519	(5)
Basic Criteria for a Paraphilia	519	(2)
Self-Discovery Do You Have a Paraphilia?	521	(1)
Society's Criteria for Judging Paraphilias	521	(1)
Clinical Criteria for Paraphilias	522	(2)
Origins of Paraphilias	524	(3)
Psychodynamic Theories of Paraphilias	524	(1)
Behavioral Theories of Paraphilias	525	(1)
Biological Theories of Paraphilias	526	(1)
Reconciling the Three Theoretical Approaches	526	(1)
Gender and Paraphilias	527	(1)
Specific Paraphilias	527	(14)
Evaluating Sexual Research How Biased Are Sexual Data?	528	(1)
Coercive Paraphilias	528	(3)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law A Reformed Frotteurist's Confessions	531	(1)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health BDSM for ``Fun''	532	(4)
Sexuality and Culture Overcoming the Catholic Priest Pedophilia Scandals: How Psychology Can Help	536
Noncoercive Paraphilias	535	(6)
Treatment of Paraphilias	541	(4)
Who Seeks Treatment	542	(1)
Types of Treatment	542	(2)
Effectiveness of Treatment for Paraphilias	544	(1)
Your Sexual Philosophy: Paraphilias	545	(3)
The Sexual Marketplace: Prostitution and Pornography	548	(41)
Historical Perspectives: The Oldest Brothel?	551	(1)
Prostitution	552	(16)
Defining Prostitution	552	(1)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law Comparison of State Criminal Definitions of Prostitution	553	(1)
Sexuality and Culture Prostitution in Nevada	554	(1)
Types of Prostitutes	554	(2)
Who Becomes a Prostitute?	556	(2)
Sexuality and Culture A Personal Look at the Life of a Prostitute	558	(3)
Prostitution and STIs	561	(2)
In Touch with Your Sexual Health Male Transvestite Prostitutes and Sexually Transmitted Infections	563	(1)
The Clients of Prostitutes	564	(2)
Prostitution and the Law	566	(2)
Pornography	568	(19)
Searching for a Definition	568	(5)
The Effects of Pornography	573	(4)
Evaluating Sexual Research The Lab Experiment-Correlation Trade-Off	577	(4)
Child Pornography	581	(1)
Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law The Child Pornography Fighters	582	(2)
Cyberporn	584	(3)
Your Sexual Philosophy: The Sexual Marketplace	587	(2)
Epilogue	589	(5)
Glossary	594	(9)
References	603	(25)
Credits	628	(5)
Name Index	633	(8)
Subject Index	641