The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, 3rd Edition

by P. J. Gullan (University of California, Davis); Peter Cranston (University of California at Davis)

• ISBN13: 9781405111133
• ISBN10: 1405111135
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-09-13
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

TO ACCESS THE ARTWORK FROM THE BOOK, PLEASE VISIT www.blackwellpublishing.com/gullan.This established and popular textbook is the definitive guide to the study of insects; a group of animals that represent over half of the planet's biological diversity. Completely updated and expanded, this new edition examines all aspects of insect biology including anatomy and physiology, ecology and evolution of insects, insect behaviours such as sociality, predation, parasitism and defense, medical and veterinary entomology and methods of collection, preserving and identifying insects. Features new chapters on the methods and results of studies of insect phylogeny and a new review of insect evolution and biogeography. Includes expanded sections on species diversity, social behaviour, pest management, aquatic entomology, parasitology and medical entomology. Successful strategies in insect conservation are also covered for the first time, reflecting the increasing threat to natural ecosystems from environmental changes. Boxes highlighting key themes, suggestions for further reading and illustrations, including specially commissioned drawings and colour plates, are included throughout. The artwork from the text is available for instructors either via CD-ROM or by visiting www.blackwellpublishing.com/gullan.

Author Biography

Penny Gullan and Peter Cranston are both professors at the Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA.

Table of Contents

List of color plates	viii
List of boxes	x
Preface to the third edition	xii
Preface to the second edition	xiv
Preface and acknowledgments for first edition	xvi
The Importance, Diversity, and Conservation of Insects	1	(20)
What is entomology?	2	(1)
The importance of insects	2	(2)
Insect biodiversity	4	(4)
Naming and classification of insects	8	(1)
Insects in popular culture and commerce	9	(1)
Insects as food	10	(3)
Insect conservation	13	(8)
Further reading	20	(1)
External Anatomy	21	(28)
The cuticle	22	(6)
Segmentation and tagmosis	28	(2)
The head	30	(8)
The thorax	38	(7)
The abdomen	45	(4)
Further reading	48	(1)
Internal Anatomy and Physiology	49	(36)
Muscles and locomotion	50	(6)
The nervous system and co-ordination	56	(3)
The endocrine system and the function of hormones	59	(2)
The circulatory system	61	(4)
The tracheal system and gas exchange	65	(3)
The gut, digestion, and nutrition	68	(9)
The excretory system and waste disposal	77	(4)
Reproductive organs	81	(4)
Further reading	84	(1)
Sensory Systems and Behavior	85	(28)
Mechanical stimuli	86	(8)
Thermal stimuli	94	(2)
Chemical stimuli	96	(9)
Insect vision	105	(4)
Insect behavior	109	(4)
Further reading	111	(2)
Reproduction	113	(28)
Bringing the sexes together	114	(3)
Courtship	117	(1)
Sexual selection	117	(1)
Copulation	118	(5)
Diversity in genitalic morphology	123	(5)
Sperm storage, fertilization, and sex determination	128	(1)
Sperm competition	128	(1)
Oviparity (egg-laying)	129	(6)
Ovoviviparity and viviparity	135	(1)
Atypical modes of reproduction	135	(3)
Physiological control of reproduction	138	(3)
Further reading	139	(2)
Insect Development and Life Histories	141	(36)
Growth	142	(1)
Life-history patterns and phases	143	(10)
Process and control of molting	153	(3)
Voltinism	156	(1)
Diapause	157	(1)
Dealing with environmental extremes	158	(3)
Migration	161	(2)
Polymorphism and polyphenism	163	(1)
Age-grading	164	(2)
Environmental effects on development	166	(5)
Climate and insect distributions	171	(6)
Further reading	175	(2)
Insect Systematics: Phylogeny and Classification	177	(24)
Phylogenetics	178	(2)
The extant Hexapoda	180	(3)
Protura (proturans), Collembola (springtails). and Diplura (diplurans)	183	(1)
Class Insecta (true insects)	184	(17)
Further reading	199	(2)
Insect Biogeography and Evolution	201	(16)
Insect biogeography	202	(1)
The antiquity of insects	203	(5)
Were the first insects aquatic or terrestrial?	208	(1)
Evolution of wings	208	(3)
Evolution of metamorphosis	211	(2)
Insect diversification	213	(1)
Insect evolution in the Pacific	214	(3)
Further reading	216	(1)
Ground-Dwelling Insects	217	(22)
Insects of litter and soil	218	(3)
Insects and dead trees or decaying wood	221	(2)
Insects and dung	223	(1)
Insect--carrion interactions	224	(2)
Insect--fungal interactions	226	(3)
Cavernicolous insects	229	(1)
Environmental monitoring using ground-dwelling hexapods	229	(10)
Further reading	237	(2)
Aquatic Insects	239	(24)
Taxonomic distribution and terminology	240	(1)
The evolution of aquatic lifestyles	240	(1)
Aquatic insects and their oxygen supplies	241	(4)
The aquatic environment	245	(3)
Environmental monitoring using aquatic insects	248	(1)
Functional feeding groups	249	(1)
Insects of temporary waterbodies	250	(1)
Insects of the marine, intertidal and littoral zones	251	(12)
Further reading	261	(2)
Insects and Plants	263	(36)
Coevolutionary interactions between insects and plants	265	(1)
Phytophagy (or herbivory)	265	(16)
Insects and plant reproductive biology	281	(5)
Insects that live mutualistically in specialized plant structures	286	(13)
Further reading	297	(2)
Insect Societies	299	(28)
Subsociality in insects	300	(4)
Eusociality in insects	304	(14)
Inquilines and parasites of social insects	318	(2)
Evolution and maintenance of eusociality	320	(4)
Success of eusocial insects	324	(3)
Further reading	324	(3)
Insect Predation and Parasitism	327	(28)
Prey/host location	328	(6)
Prey/host acceptance and manipulation	334	(4)
Prey/host selection and specificity	338	(7)
Population biology -- predator/parasitoid and prey/host abundance	345	(2)
The evolutionary success of insect predation and parasitism	347	(8)
Further reading	353	(2)
Insect Defense	355	(20)
Defense by hiding	356	(3)
Secondary lines of defense	359	(1)
Mechanical defenses	360	(1)
Chemical defenses	360	(5)
Defense by mimicry	365	(4)
Collective defenses in gregarious and social insects	369	(6)
Further reading	373	(2)
Medical and Veterinary Entomology	375	(20)
Insect nuisance and phobia	376	(1)
Venoms and allergens	376	(1)
Insects as causes and vectors of disease	377	(1)
Generalized disease cycles	378	(1)
Pathogens	379	(9)
Forensic entomology	388	(7)
Further reading	393	(2)
Pest Management	395	(32)
Insects as pests	396	(4)
The effects of insecticides	400	(3)
Integrated pest management	403	(1)
Chemical control	404	(3)
Biological control	407	(10)
Host-plant resistance to insects	417	(3)
Physical control	420	(1)
Cultural control	420	(1)
Pheromones and other insect attractants	421	(1)
Genetic manipulation of insect pests	422	(5)
Further reading	423	(4)
Methods in Entomology: Collecting, Preservation, Curation, and Identification	427	(18)
Collection	428	(3)
Preservation and curation	431	(9)
Identification	440	(5)
Further reading	443	(2)
Glossary	445	(24)
References	469	(8)
Index	477	(22)
Appendix: A reference guide to orders	499