Integrating Music Into the Elementary Classroom (with CD)

by Anderson, William M.; Lawrence, Joy E.

• ISBN13: 9780534517519
• ISBN10: 053451751X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Schirmer

Summary

This market-leading text is comprehensive, covering music fundamentals as well as materials and methods. Easy-to-use techniques for teaching singing, playing instruments, moving to music, creating music, listening to music, and studying music are included. The study of music is taught using a multicultural perspective, and the authors relate music to the arts and other subject areas. Lesson plans are provided for kindergarten through grade six, along with more than 160 songs selected from various cultures and historical periods.

Author Biography

Joy E. Lawrence has been professor of music education at Kent State University for many years.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(1)
The Importance of Music and Other Arts in the Elementary School	2	(2)
An Integrated Approach to Learning and Teaching	4	(1)
The Plan for This Book	5	(2)
How Children Learn	7	(14)
Basic Types of Learning	7	(2)
Psychomotor Learning	7	(1)
Cognitive Learning	8	(1)
Affective Learning	8	(1)
Learning in Music Needs to Be Active	9	(1)
Teacher-Centered and Child-Centered Learning	9	(1)
The Sturucture of Musical Learning	10	(3)
Make What You Teach Meaningful	10	(1)
Organize Material Sequentially	10	(1)
Experience Music Before Labeling It	10	(1)
Use a Conceptual Approach to Learning	11	(1)
Use a Multisensory Approach to Learning	11	(1)
Use a Multicultural Approach to Learning	12	(1)
Provide Reinforcement	12	(1)
Teach for Transfer	12	(1)
Techniques for Applying Principles to Musical Learning	13	(4)
Cooperative Learning	13	(1)
Musical Experiences for Inclusive Learning	13	(2)
The Gifted Student	15	(1)
The Mentally Challenged Student	16	(1)
Instructional Technology for the Classroom	17	(4)
Looking for Information About Music on the Internet	18	(1)
For Your Journal	19	(2)
Guidelines for Taching Music	21	(18)
Designing Integrated Learning Experiences with Music	21	(6)
Identifying Long-and Short-term Goals	22	(1)
Deciding on Musical Concepts	22	(1)
Developing Objectives	23	(1)
Choosing Appropriate Musical Materials and Activities	24	(1)
Teaching and Learning in Logical Sequence	25	(1)
Deciding on Length and Frequency of Lessons	25	(1)
Relating Music to Students' Personal Lives	26	(1)
Developing Multisensory Experiences	26	(1)
Including Multicultural Experiences	26	(1)
Designing Audiovisual Media	26	(1)
Bringing Closure to a Learning Experience	26	(1)
Assessing Learning	27	(1)
National Standards in Music Education	27	(1)
Writing Lesson Plans	28	(8)
Reminders for Planning and Teaching Lessons	36	(2)
Some Options to Use When Teaching Music	37	(1)
Making Good Teaching Great Teaching	38	(1)
For Your Journal	38	(1)
Fundamentals of Music: Understanding How Sounds Are Organized in a Musical Composition	39	(40)
Experiences with Melody	39	(18)
A Melody Is Based on a Set of Pitches	40	(1)
A Melody Moves by Steps and Skips	40	(1)
A Melody Has Shape	41	(2)
A Melody Has Range	43	(1)
A Melody is Made Up of Phrases	44	(1)
A Melody May Be Based on a Scale	45	(7)
A Melody May Contain Accidentals	52	(2)
A Melody Has a Key	54	(3)
Experiences with Rhythm	57	(9)
Rhythm Has a Beat	57	(1)
Rhythm Has Tempo	57	(1)
Rhythm Has Meter	58	(2)
Rhythm May Have Syncopation	60	(2)
Rhythm Patterns May Repeat	62	(2)
Reading Rhythms	64	(2)
Experiences with Texture	66	(2)
Texture May Be Monophonic	66	(1)
Texture May Be Homophonic or Harmonic	66	(1)
Texture May Be Polyphonic	67	(1)
Experiences with Tone Color	68	(2)
Tone Color Varies with the Type and Size of Material Producing the Sound	68	(1)
Exploring Tone Colors	69	(1)
Tone Color Varies with Different Types of Instruments	70	(1)
Tone Color Varies with Different Types of Voices	70	(1)
Experiences with Dynamics	70	(2)
Dynamic Levels May Be Soft or Loud	70	(1)
Dynamic Level May Gradually Get Louder (Crescendo) or Softer (Decrescendo)	71	(1)
Experiences with Musical Forms	72	(7)
Repeated Musical Ideas Unify Compositions, and Contrasting Ideas Provide Variety	72	(5)
For Your Journal	77	(2)
Teaching Music Through Singing	79	(56)
Characteristics of the Child Voice and Children's Song Interests	79	(5)
Preschool and Kindergarten (Ages Four and Five)	81	(1)
Early Primary: First and Second Grades (Ages Six and Seven)	82	(1)
Intermediate: Third and Fourth Grades (Ages Eight and Nine)	83	(1)
Upper Elementary: Fifth and Sixth Grades (Ages Ten and Eleven)	83	(1)
Techniques for Teaching Children to Sing	84	(9)
Creating an Environment for Singing Experiences	84	(1)
Improving Posture	84	(1)
Teaching Good Breathing Habits to Support the Tone	84	(1)
Finding the Head Voice	85	(1)
Developing the Ability to Match Tones	86	(3)
Developing the Concepts of High and Low	89	(2)
Discovering Patterns	91	(2)
Preparing to Teach a Song	93	(4)
Leading a Song	97	(3)
Teaching Songs to Children	100	(11)
Teaching a Song by Rote (Nonconceptual)	100	(1)
Guidelines for Teaching Songs to Children	101	(2)
Teaching a Song by Rote (Conceptual)	103	(2)
Teaching a Song by Rote-Note	105	(1)
Teaching a Song by Note: The Kodaly Approach	106	(5)
Singing Additive Songs	111	(1)
Teaching Part Singing	111	(24)
Lining Out a Song	111	(3)
Singing Canons	114	(2)
Singing Dialogue Songs or Echo Songs	116	(2)
Singing Call-and-Response Songs	118	(2)
Adding Descants	120	(4)
Adding Countermelodies	124	(2)
Singing Ostinato Chants	126	(2)
Singing Rounds	128	(1)
Singing Partner Songs	129	(5)
For Your Journal	134	(1)
Integrating Songs With Other Subjects and Activities	135	(76)
Action	136	(4)
Animals	140	(10)
Circus	150	(2)
Social Studies-Geography	152	(5)
Social Studies-History	157	(2)
Holidays	159	(31)
Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year)	159	(1)
Halloween	159	(3)
Thanksgiving, Sukkot, and Shavuot	162	(4)
Hanukkah	166	(2)
Christmas	168	(5)
Kwanzaa	173	(2)
New Year's Day	175	(2)
Martin Luther King Jr. Day	177	(2)
Chinese New Year	179	(2)
Valentine's Day	181	(2)
Presidents' Day: George Washington	183	(3)
Presidents' Day: Abraham Lincoln	186	(2)
Saint Patrick's Day	188	(2)
Patriotic Songs of the United States of America	190	(2)
Getting Acquainted	192	(3)
Human Relationships and Emotions	195	(1)
Language Arts	196	(1)
Mathematics	196	(2)
Science	198	(1)
Seasons	199	(1)
Transportation	200	(11)
For Your Journal	209	(2)
Teaching Music Through Playing Classroom Instruments	211	(54)
Melody Instruments	212	(21)
Piano and electronic Keyboards	213	(5)
Transposition	218	(1)
Melody Bells	219	(2)
Resonator bells	221	(1)
Xylophones	221	(1)
Glockenspiels	222	(1)
Metallophones	222	(1)
Handbells	223	(1)
Tone Chimes	223	(1)
Recorder	223	(4)
Using Melody Instruments in the Classroom	227	(6)
Harmonic Instruments	233	(14)
The Autoharp	233	(3)
The Omnichord (or Q Chord)	236	(1)
The Guitar	237	(10)
Percussion Instruments	247	(6)
Woods	247	(2)
Metals	249	(2)
Skins	251	(1)
How to Select an Appropriate Instrument	252	(1)
Playing Rhythm Accompaniments to Songs	253	(2)
Developing a Rhythm Ensemble (Grades K-3)	255	(1)
Methods and Materials for Integrating Instrumental Experiences into the Classroom	256	(4)
Language Arts (Grades 4-6)	256	(1)
Science: Sound (Grades 4-6)	257	(1)
How to Make Your Own Musical Instruments	258	(1)
Social Studies-History: Medieval/Renaissance (Grades 4-6)	259	(1)
Social Studies-Geography: American West (Grades 4-6)	259	(1)
Sample Lessons	260	(5)
For Your Journal	264	(1)
Teaching Music Through Listening	265	(60)
The Chain of Events in Musical Expression	266	(1)
The Composer	266	(1)
The Performer	266	(1)
The Composer/Performer	267	(1)
The Listener	267	(1)
Sounds Produced by Voices	267	(1)
Sounds Produced by Western Orchestral Instruments	267	(11)
Stringed Instruments	267	(2)
Wind Instruments	269	(4)
Percussion Instruments	273	(3)
Keyboard Instruments	276	(2)
Electronic Instruments	278	(1)
Performing Ensembles	278	(4)
Orchestra	278	(3)
Band	281	(1)
Chorus	281	(1)
How to Guide Listening	282	(1)
Levels of Listening	282	(1)
The Teacher's Role	282	(1)
Guidelines for Planning Listening Lessons	283	(1)
Techniques for Teaching Students to Listen to Music	284	(17)
Visual Representations	284	(2)
Written Listening Guides	286	(2)
The Familiar Song in a Musical Composition	288	(3)
Moving to Music	291	(1)
Playing Instruments	292	(1)
Songs Used in Larger Musical Compositions	293	(3)
Sample Lesson Plans	296	(5)
Integrating Listening Experiences into the Classroom	301	(18)
Music and Drama: Opera	301	(2)
Music and Drama: Oratorio	303	(3)
Music and Dance: Ballet	306	(2)
Program Music	308	(11)
Preparing Students to Attend a Concert	319	(6)
Sample Concert	319	(4)
For Your Journal	323	(2)
Teaching Music Through Movement	325	(46)
Developing Body Awareness in Space	326	(6)
Movement As an Expression of Problem Solving	326	(1)
Movement As an Expression of Imagery	327	(3)
Movement with No External Beat	330	(1)
Movement to a Beat with a Sense of Timing	330	(2)
Expressing Musical Concepts Through Movement: The Dalcroze Approach	332	(8)
Beat/Meter	332	(4)
Fast, Slow, Getting Faster, Getting Slower	336	(1)
Accents	337	(1)
Dynamics	338	(1)
Rhythm Patterns	339	(1)
Melodic Contour	340	(1)
Interpreting Musical Ideas Through Movement	340	(12)
What Inspires Interpretative Movement?	340	(1)
General Guidelines for Planning Movement Experiences	341	(1)
Abstract Interpretative Movement	342	(1)
Dramatic Interpretative Movement	343	(9)
Playing Singing Games and Dancing	352	(19)
Additional Singing Games and Dances Appearing in Other Areas of This Book	369	(1)
For Your Journal	370	(1)
Creative Experiences with Music	371	(28)
The Orff Approach	372	(1)
Improvising and Organizing Sounds	372	(9)
Rhythm in Speech	373	(1)
Rhythm Speech Canons	374	(1)
Improvising Melodies	375	(1)
Ostinato Patterns (Rhythmic and Melodic)	376	(2)
Improvising an Accompaniment to a Song	378	(2)
Improvising Rhythms with Classroom Instruments	380	(1)
Creative Experiences with Vocal Sounds	380	(1)
Creative Experiences with Instrumental Sounds	381	(3)
Follow the Leader	382	(2)
Creative Experiences with Environmental Sounds	384	(1)
Creative Experiences with Body Sounds	384	(4)
Factory District in Sound	385	(1)
Creating a Musical Video	386	(1)
Creating a Percussion Accompaniment to a Song	386	(1)
Creating a Percussion Composition	387	(1)
Creative Experiences with Writing Melodies or Songs	388	(11)
What Makes an Interesing Melody?	389	(1)
Preparing Students to Write Melodies or Songs	389	(1)
Writing a Melody Using a Pentatonic Scale	390	(1)
Writing a Melody Using a Seven-Note Scale (Major/Minor)	391	(1)
Setting a Poem to Music	392	(3)
Writing an Original Poem and Setting It to Music	395	(1)
Standard Melody Forms	395	(3)
For Your Journal	398	(1)
Integrating Music with the Study of Peoples, Places, and Cultures	399	(52)
Some Suggested Classroom Experiences	400	(1)
Music of African Peoples	401	(11)
Background Information for the Class	401	(1)
Some General Characteristics of African Music	402	(1)
Teaching African Music: Suggestions for Lessons	403	(9)
Music of Asian Peoples: China and Japan	412	(11)
Background Information for the Class	412	(1)
Some General Characteristics of Chinese and Japanese Music	413	(1)
Teaching Chinese and Japanese Music: Suggestions for Lessons	414	(9)
Music of European Peoples	423	(9)
Background Information for the Class	423	(1)
Some General Characteristics of European Music	424	(1)
Teaching European Music: Suggestions for Lessons	424	(8)
American Music	432	(19)
Background Information for the Class	432	(1)
Teaching American Music: Suggestions for Lessons	433	(17)
For Your Journal	450	(1)
Experiences with Music and Other Arts	451	(46)
Using Analogous Concepts in Relating Music and the Arts	452	(12)
Suggestions for Lessons	452	(12)
Using a Thematic Approach in Relating Music and the Arts	464	(9)
Suggestions for Lessons	464	(9)
Using a Historical Approach in Relating Music and the Arts	473	(9)
Suggestions for Lessons	473	(9)
Using a Cross-Cultural Approach in Relating Music and the Arts	482	(2)
Planning and Presenting a Program	484	(13)
Purpose	484	(1)
Planning	484	(1)
Rehearsals	484	(1)
Program I: A Musical Horn of Plenty (Thanksgiving)	485	(1)
Program II: Liberty	486	(5)
Program III: A Musical Fiesta---South of the Border	491	(4)
Committees	495	(1)
Additional Ideas for Festivals or Programs	495	(1)
For Your Journal	496	(1)
Epilogue: The Continuing Place of Music in the Lives of Children	497	(4)
A Trip to Buy a Recording	497	(1)
Attending Concerts	498	(1)
Performing with Friends	499	(2)
Appendix A Selected Soprano Recorder Fingerings (Baroque System)	501	(1)
Appendix B Common Chord Fingerings for the Guitar	502	(1)
Glossary	503	(4)
Index of Songs	507	(2)
Two-Chord Songs	509	(1)
Three-Chord Songs	509	(1)
Songs by Country and Culture	510	(1)
Index of Listening Examples	511	(2)
General Index	513