Intelligence : From Secrets to Policy

by Lowenthal, Mark M.

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9780872896000

ISBN10:

0872896005

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

10/15/2008

Publisher(s):

Cq Pr

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Summary

TAKE COVERT ACTION AND SEIZE A COPY OF INTELLIGENCE BEFORE ANYONE ELSE Intelligence veteran Mark M. Lowenthal details how the intelligence community's history, structure, procedures, and functions affect policy decisions. With his friendly prose, he demystifies a complicated and complex process. Rich with examples and anecdotes, Intelligence also includes bolded key terms, an acronym list, suggested readings and websites, and a list of major intelligence reviews or proposals. This new, fully-updated fourth edition highlights many crucial recent developments in reforms, ethics, and transnational issues, including: the actual implementation of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) reforms and their successes and strains; the ongoing legal, operational, and ethical issues raised by the war against terrorism; the growth of transnational issues, such as WMD; fresh coverage of analytic standards and analytic transformation; more in-depth explanation of geospatial, signal, and human intelligence; a new discussion of the lessons of 9/11; and, the growing politicization of intelligence in the United States, specifically through the declassified use of National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs).

Author Biography

Mark M. Lowenthal is the president and CEO of the Intelligence Security Academy, LLC, a national security education, training, and consulting firm. He is also an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins University

Tables, Figures, and Boxes	p. x
Preface	p. xii
Acronyms	p. xv
What is "Intelligence"?	p. 1
Why Have Intelligence Agencies?	p. 2
What Is Intelligence About?	p. 4
Key Terms	p. 9
Further Readings	p. 9
The Development of U.S. Intelligence	p. 11
Major Themes	p. 11
Major Historical Developments	p. 18
Key Terms	p. 27
Further Readings	p. 27
The U.S. Intelligence Community	p. 29
Alternative Ways of Looking at the Intelligence Community	p. 34
The Many Different Intelligence Communities	p. 35
Intelligence Community Relationships That Matter	p. 38
The Intelligence Budget Process	p. 50
Key Terms	p. 53
Further Readings	p. 54
The Intelligence Process-A Macro Look: Who Does What for Whom?	p. 55
Requirements	p. 56
Collection	p. 60
Processing and Exploitation	p. 60
Analysis and Production	p. 61
Dissemination and Consumption	p. 62
Feedback	p. 64
Thinking about the Intelligence Process	p. 65
Key Terms	p. 67
Further Readings	p. 67
Collection and the Collection Disciplines	p. 69
Overarching Themes	p. 69
Strengths and Weaknesses	p. 82
Conclusion	p. 106
Key Terms	p. 108
Further Readings	p. 108
Analysis	p. 111
Major Themes	p. 112
Analytical Issues	p. 126
Intelligence Analysis: An Assessment	p. 146
Key Terms	p. 149
Further Readings	p. 149
Counterintelligence	p. 151
Internal Safeguards	p. 151
External Indicators and Counterespionage	p. 156
Problems in Counterintelligence	p. 157
Leaks	p. 161
National Security Letters	p. 162
Conclusion	p. 163
Key Terms	p. 164
Further Readings	p. 164
Covert Action	p. 165
The Decision-making Process	p. 166
The Range of Covert Actions	p. 169
Issues in Covert Action	p. 172
Assessing Covert Action	p. 178
Key Terms	p. 178
Further Readings	p. 178
The Role of the Policy Maker	p. 181
The U.S. National Security Policy Process	p. 181
Who Wants What?	p. 184
The Intelligence Process: Policy and Intelligence	p. 187
Further Readings	p. 196
Oversight and Accountability	p. 199
Executive Oversight Issues	p. 199
Congressional Oversight	p. 205
Issues in Congressional Oversight	p. 213
Internal Dynamics of Congressional Oversight	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 227
Key Terms	p. 228
Further Readings	p. 228
The Intelligence Agenda: Nation States	p. 231
The Primacy of the Soviet Issue	p. 232
The Emphasis on Soviet Military Capabilities	p. 234
The Emphasis on Statistical Intelligence	p. 237
The "Comfort" of a Bilateral Relationship	p. 238
Collapse of the Soviet Union	p. 239
Intelligence and the Soviet Problem	p. 241
The Current Nation State Issue	p. 242
Key Terms	p. 247
Further Readings	p. 247
The Intelligence Agenda: Transnational Issues	p. 249
U.S. National Security Policy and Intelligence after the Cold War	p. 249
Intelligence and the New Priorities	p. 251
Terrorism	p. 251
Proliferation	p. 260
Narcotics	p. 265
Economics	p. 266
Health and Environment	p. 269
Peackeeping Operations	p. 271
Network Warfare (Information Operations)	p. 271
Dominant Battlefield Awareness	p. 273
Conclusion	p. 275
Key Terms	p. 275
Further Readings	p. 276
Ethical and Moral Issues in Intelligence	p. 279
General Moral Questions	p. 279
Issues Related to Collection and Covert Action	p. 284
Analysis-Related Issues	p. 290
Oversight-Related Issues	p. 293
The Media	p. 295
Conclusion	p. 296
Further Readings	p. 296
Intelligence Reform	p. 297
The Purpose of Reform	p. 297
Issues in Intelligence Reform	p. 299
Conclusion	p. 311
Further Readings	p. 312
Foreign Intelligence Services	p. 313
Britain	p. 313
China	p. 318
France	p. 320
Israel	p. 322
Russia	p. 325
Conclusion	p. 328
Further Readings	p. 329
Additional Bibliographic Citations and Web Sites	p. 331
Major Intelligence Reviews or Proposals	p. 335
Author Index	p. 339
Subject Index	p. 342
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