International Environmental Standards Handbook

by Olson; Scott S.

• ISBN13: 9781566702706
• ISBN10: 1566702704
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-06-23
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

The International Environmental Standards Handbook provides the necessary historical background to understand the current status of international environmental standards. The practicality of the book is evident in the inclusion of material: copies of available treaties, laws and standards, as well as recommendations for businesses.This book is an important tool for companies that are increasingly impacted by the global market. Today's companies need to know what environmental controls are in effect in various countries and how they impact the ability to compete. Lack of knowledge about - and noncompliance with - international standards results in reduced sales and partnership opportunities as well as liability and possible legal action against the company.This valuable comprehensive desk reference, suitable for the novice and the professional, provides a background in the origin of international environmental concerns and controls; the way in which these concerns manifested themselves in treaties, laws, and standards; how countries differ in current expectation; and, most importantly, the evolving consensus of using a universal quality assurance standard for environmental management.International Environmental Standards Handbook gives a structured method to improve environmental performance. It contains many of the environmental tools and methodologies that environmental managers can use for short-term and long-term business decision making in a global environment.

Table of Contents

Part I Introduction to International Environmental Standards
Introduction	1	(4)
Part II-International Conventions, treaties, and Agreements
An Introduction to International Environmental Controls	5	(12)
An Overview of International Conventions and agreements	6	(3)
The Relationship Between International Trade and Environmental Controls	9	(1)
NEPA Influence on International Environmental Controls	10	(4)
New Tools for Providing Proactive Environmental Control	14	(1)
Conclusion	15	(1)
References	16	(1)
The Influence of Command and Control Regulations	17	(4)
Introduction	17	(2)
References	19	(2)
Key International Agreement	21	(24)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)	21	(3)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Objectives of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	24	(1)
Summary of the Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (As Agreed Upon by the Three Parties)	25	(3)
Treaty of Rome, 1952, Single European Act, 1987, and the Maastricht Treaty, 1992	28	(2)
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972)	30	(5)
Text if the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972)	30	(5)
The Rio Declaration On Environment and Development (1992)	35	(4)
Text of the Rio Declaration	35	(4)
World Charter for Nature (1982)	39	(4)
Text of the World Charter for Nature	39	(4)
References	43	(2)
Media-Specific Conventions, Agreements and Standards	45	(90)
Introduction	45	(1)
Media-Specific Regulations for selected Countries	46	(5)
Australia	46	(1)
Austria	46	(1)
Belarus	47	(1)
Bermuda	47	(1)
Canada (Federal)	47	(1)
China	47	(1)
Czech Republic	48	(1)
France	48	(1)
Germany	48	(1)
India	48	(1)
Italy	48	(1)
Jamaica	49	(1)
Japan	49	(1)
Mexico	49	(1)
The Netherlands	50	(1)
Poland	50	(1)
Russian Federation	50	(1)
Singapore	50	(1)
South Korea	50	(1)
Ukraine	51	(1)
United Kingdom	51	(1)
Air Pollution	51	(3)
U.S.-Canada Bilateral Air Quality Agreement, 1991	52	(1)
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air pollution, 1979	52	(1)
Other Agreement (action by the UNEP and EU)	52	(1)
British Standards Institute (BSI)	53	(1)
Amercian Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)	54	(1)
Water Resource	54	(8)
Protection of Fresh Water Resources	55	(2)
Protection of the Oceans and the Marine Environment	57	(1)
The European Union	58	(2)
European Union Directives	60	(1)
American society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)	60	(1)
Specific ASTM Water Standards (partial list)	61	(1)
Waste	62	(3)
The Basel Convention (UNEP) on the Control of Transboundary, 1989	62	(1)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)	63	(1)
U.S. Bilateral Agreements	63	(1)
EU Directives	63	(1)
ASTM Standards	64	(1)
Additional Standards	64	(1)
International Treaties Relating to the Environment	65	(70)
Air Pollution and the Ozone Layer	65	(39)
Oceans and the Marine Environment	104	(13)
Listing of International Treaties Relating to the Environment	117	(9)
International Treaties Relating to the Environment (alphabetical)	126	(5)
International Treaties Relating to the Environment (North America)	131	(4)
part III-Environmental Standards
An Introduction to International Standards Organizations and the Development Process	135	(12)
Standards Organizations in the United States	136	(2)
International Standardization Activities of ASTM	138	(1)
International Standardization Activities of ISO	139	(1)
Responsibilities for the Technical Work of ISO	140	(2)
Current International Standardization Activities of ANSI	142	(1)
Development of International Environmental Laws	142	(1)
Development of European Union Directives	143	(1)
Development of National law	144	(3)
Guiding Principles and Practices for Business	147	(14)
Introduction	147	(1)
Bellagio Principles	148	(2)
CERES Principle	150	(2)
Protection of the Biosphere	151	(1)
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources	151	(1)
Reduction and Disposal of Wastes	151	(1)
Energy Conversation	151	(1)
Risk Reduction	151	(1)
Safe Products and Services	152	(1)
Environmental Restoration	152	(1)
Informing the Public	152	(1)
Management Commitment	152	(1)
Audits and Reports	152	(1)
Responsible Care	152	(1)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), World Business Organization	153	(1)
The Business Charter for Sustainable Development	153	(1)
The PERI Guidelines	154	(5)
Professional Codes	158	(1)
World Federation of Engineering Organizations, code of Ethics	159	(1)
References	159	(2)
Programs of the United Nations	161	(8)
Introduction	161	(1)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)	161	(2)
Introduction	161	(1)
UNCED collection	162	(1)
Agenda 21	162	(1)
United Nations Environment Program	163	(2)
Programs of the United Nations	165	(1)
UNEP Environmental Guidelines	165	(1)
The World Health Organization (WHO)	165	(1)
Regional and Other Offices	165	(1)
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	165	(1)
Conventions for which UNEP Provides Secretariat	166	(1)
Source of Additional Information	166	(1)
References	166	(3)
Environmental Management Systems	169	(36)
Introduction to Environmental Management Systems (EMS)	169	(2)
ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems	171	(7)
Technical Committee 207 (TC 207) Environmental Management	171	(1)
Introduction to ISO 14001	172	(1)
ISO 14001: A Recommended Approach	173	(4)
Other ISO Standards	177	(1)
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, EU Directive	178	(1)
British National Standard, BS 7750, British Standards Institution (BSI)	179	(2)
Environmental Auditing	181	(1)
U.S.Regulatory Policy Toward EMSs and ISO 14001	182	(3)
U.S. Regulatory Setting, Background and History	182	(1)
The Impact of USEPA's Regulatory Reinvention Efforts	182	(1)
The USPEA/NEIC Compliance Focused EMS	183	(2)
Major Federal Agency EMS/ISO Initiatives	185	(2)
The Department of Energy (DOE)	185	(1)
Department of Defense (DOD)	185	(1)
Industry Response to ISO 14000 in the United States	186	(1)
Emerging Trends in Strategic Environmental Management	186	(1)
EPA Position Statement on Environmental Management Systems and ISO14001 and a Request for Comments on the Nature of the Data to be Collected from Environmental Management System ISO14001 Pilots	187	(5)
Environmental Protection Agency	188	(4)
Important Organization and Terms for Environmental Management Systems (terms from ISO 14001)	192	(3)
Agencies and Organizations Conducting EMS Activities	195	(5)
Enviromental Management Secretariat for Latin America and the Caribbean	195	(1)
Federal Agencies of the United States, Initiatives for Environmental Management	196	(2)
U.S. States (Includes Pollution Prevention Programs)	198	(2)
Sources of Additional Information	200	(2)
Documents and Publications	200	(1)
Internet Sites for European Union Institutions	201	(1)
References	202	(3)
The European Union	205	(24)
EU Directives and Environmental Programs	206	(2)
Examples of EU Directives	207	(1)
EU Environmental Programs	207	(1)
Europe and Sustainable Development	207	(1)
European Consultive Forum on the Environment and Sustainable Development	208	(1)
IMPEL Network of Authorities in the Member States	208	(1)
Environmental Policy Review Group	208	(1)
EU Standards for the Safety of Machinery	208	(5)
European Community Legislation on Machinery	209	(3)
Summary of the Essential Health and Safety Requirement Relating to the Design and Constructive of Machinery	212	(1)
Directory of Community Legislation in Force Relating to the Environment	213	(14)
References	227	(2)
Part IV-Environmental Protection in the United States
U.S. Laws and Regulations	229	(40)
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969	229	(2)
Historic, Scientific, and Cultural Resources	231	(1)
Historic Sites Act (1935), 16 USC	231	(1)
National Historic Preservation act (1996), 16 USC	231	(1)
Preservation of Historical and Archeological Data (1960), 16 USC	231	(1)
Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment (1971)	231	(1)
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation	232	(1)
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)	232	(5)
Basic Goals of TSCA	232	(1)
How EPA can Regulate Chemical Substances Under TSCA	232	(1)
Items Not Covered By TSCA	232	(1)
Basic Requirements	232	(2)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls	234	(3)
Clean Air Act	237	(7)
History	237	(1)
Provisions of the Law	238	(1)
Hazardous Air Pollutants	238	(1)
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)	238	(1)
Other Provisions	238	(1)
Summary of the 1990 CAA Amendments	238	(1)
Example of State Air Regulation : Colorado, U.S.	239	(1)
Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC)	239	(1)
Air Pollution Control Division (APCD)	239	(1)
State Implementation Plan	239	(1)
Local Planning Commission (LPC)	239	(1)
Colorado Programs	240	(1)
Clean Air Act of 1990	241	(1)
Reporting HAPs on Air Pollution Emission Notices in the State of Colorado	242	(1)
State Implementation Plans	243	(1)
Permits (Title V)	243	(1)
Acid Deposition Control (Title IV)	244	(1)
Stratospheric Ozone Protection	244	(1)
Water Resources	244	(6)
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act)	244	(2)
Wetlands	246	(3)
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Public Law 93-523	249	(1)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)	250	(11)
Goals of RCRA	250	(1)
Four Main Programs Under RCRA	251	(1)
Definition of Solid and Hazardous Wastes (40 CFR 261)	251	(2)
Regulations Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste	253	(2)
Transportation Emergencies Involving Hazardous Waste	255	(1)
Land Disposal Restrictions	255	(2)
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (Subtitle C Parts 264 and 265)	257	(1)
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)	258	(3)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act TITLE III	261	(4)
General Provisions	262	(1)
Emergency Planning	262	(1)
Emergency Release Notification (Section 304, 40 CFR Part 355)	263	(1)
Community Right-to-know Reporting Requirements (Section 311, 312, 40 CFR Part 370)	263	(1)
Toxic Chemical Release Reporting (Section 313, 40 CFR Part 372)	263	(1)
Making Sense of SARA Title III Regulatory Citations	264	(1)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)	265	(2)
Summary of the Regulation	265	(1)
Additional Information	266	(1)
References	267	(2)
Part V-Sources of Additional Information
Directory of Organizations and Agencies	269	(72)
Environmental Agencies of the World	269	(33)
Albania	269	(1)
Angola	269	(1)
Antigua and Barbuda	269	(1)
Argentina	269	(1)
Armenia	270	(1)
Australia	270	(1)
Austria	270	(1)
Azerbaijan	270	(1)
Bahamas	270	(1)
Bangladesh	270	(1)
Barbados	271	(1)
Belarus	271	(1)
Belgium	271	(1)
Belize	271	(1)
Benin	271	(1)
Bhutan	272	(1)
Bolivia	272	(1)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	272	(1)
Botswana	272	(1)
Brazil	272	(1)
Bulgaria	273	(1)
Burkina Faso	273	(1)
Burundi	273	(1)
Cambodia	273	(1)
Cameroon	273	(1)
Canada	273	(1)
Cape Verde	274	(1)
Caribbean Centre for Development Administration (CARICAD)	274	(1)
Central African Republic	274	(1)
Chad	274	(1)
Chile	275	(1)
China	275	(1)
Colombia	275	(1)
Comoros	275	(1)
Congo	275	(1)
Costa Rica	275	(1)
Cote D'Ivoire	275	(1)
Croatia	276	(1)
Cuba	276	(1)
Cyprus	276	(1)
Czech Republic	276	(1)
Democratic Republic of the Congo	276	(1)
Denmark	276	(1)
Djibouti	277	(1)
Dominica	277	(1)
Dominican Republic	277	(1)
Ecuador	277	(1)
El Salvador	277	(1)
Equatorial Guinea	277	(1)
Eritrea	277	(1)
Estonia	278	(1)
Ethiopia	278	(1)
European Commission, Directorate General XI: Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection	278	(1)
European Environment Agency	278	(1)
Fiji	278	(1)
Finland	278	(1)
France	279	(1)
French Guyana	279	(1)
Gabon	279	(1)
Gambia	280	(1)
Georgia	280	(1)
Germany	280	(1)
Ghana	280	(1)
Greece	280	(1)
Grenada	280	(1)
Guatemala	281	(1)
Guinea	281	(1)
Guinea Bissau	281	(1)
Guyana	281	(1)
Haiti	281	(1)
Honduras	281	(1)
Hong Kong	281	(1)
Hungary	282	(1)
Iceland	282	(1)
India	282	(1)
Indonesia	282	(1)
Ireland	282	(1)
Italy	283	(1)
Jamaica	283	(1)
Japan	283	(1)
Kazakstan	284	(1)
Kenya	284	(1)
Kiribati	284	(1)
Kyrgyzstan	284	(1)
Laos	284	(1)
Latvia	285	(1)
Lesotho	285	(1)
Liberia	285	(1)
Liechtenstein	285	(1)
Lithuania	285	(1)
Luxembourg	285	(1)
Macedonia	285	(1)
Madagascar	286	(1)
Malawi	286	(1)
Malaysia	286	(1)
Maldives	286	(1)
Mali	286	(1)
Malta	286	(1)
Marshall Islands	287	(1)
Mauritania	287	(1)
Mauritius	287	(1)
Mexico	287	(1)
Micronesia	288	(1)
Moldovia	288	(1)
Mongolia	288	(1)
Mozambique	288	(1)
Mynamar (Burma)	288	(1)
Namibia	288	(1)
Nepal	288	(1)
The Netherlands	289	(1)
New Zealand	289	(1)
Nicaragua	289	(1)
Niger	289	(1)
Nigeria	289	(1)
North Korea	289	(1)
Norway	289	(1)
Pakistan	290	(1)
Panama	290	(1)
Papua New Guinea	290	(1)
Paraguay	290	(1)
Peru	290	(1)
Philippines	291	(1)
Poland	291	(1)
Portugal	291	(1)
Romania	291	(1)
Russian Federation	291	(1)
Rwanda	292	(1)
Samoa	292	(1)
Sao Tome and Principe	292	(1)
Senegal	292	(1)
Seychelles	292	(1)
Singapore	292	(1)
Slovak Republic	293	(1)
Slovenia	293	(1)
Solomon Islands	293	(1)
South Africa	293	(1)
South Korea	293	(1)
Spain	294	(1)
Sri Lanka	294	(1)
St. Kitts and Nevis	294	(1)
St. Lucia	294	(1)
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	294	(1)
Sudan	294	(1)
Suriname	294	(1)
Swaziland	295	(1)
Sweden	295	(1)
Switzerland	295	(1)
Taiwan	295	(1)
Tajikistan	295	(1)
Tanzania	295	(1)
Thailand	296	(1)
Togo	296	(1)
Tonga	296	(1)
Trinidad and Tobago	296	(1)
Turkey	297	(1)
Turkmenistan	297	(1)
Uganda	297	(1)
Ukraine	297	(1)
United Kingdom	297	(1)
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)	298	(3)
Uruguay	301	(1)
Uzbekistan	301	(1)
Vanuatu	302	(1)
Venezuela	302	(1)
Vietnam	302	(1)
Zambia	302	(1)
Zimbabwe	302	(1)
Institutions of the EU	302	(1)
U.S. State Environmental Agencies	303	(31)
Alabama	303	(1)
Alaska	304	(1)
Arizona	305	(1)
Arkansas	305	(1)
California	306	(1)
Colorado	306	(1)
Connecticut	307	(1)
Delaware	308	(1)
District of Columbia	308	(1)
Florida	308	(1)
Georgia	309	(1)
Hawaii	309	(1)
Idaho	310	(1)
Illinois	311	(1)
Indiana	311	(1)
Iowa	312	(1)
Kansas	313	(1)
Kentucky	313	(1)
Louisiana	313	(1)
Maine	314	(1)
Maryland	315	(1)
Massachusetts	315	(1)
Michigan	316	(1)
Minnesota	317	(1)
Mississippi	318	(1)
Missouri	318	(1)
Montana	319	(1)
Nebraska	319	(1)
Nevada	320	(1)
New Hampshire	320	(1)
New Jersey	321	(1)
New Mexico	321	(1)
New York	322	(1)
North Carolina	323	(1)
North Dakota	324	(1)
Ohio	325	(1)
Oklahoma	326	(1)
Oregon	326	(1)
Pennsylvania	327	(1)
Puerto Rico	328	(1)
Rhode Island	328	(1)
South Carolina	329	(1)
South Dakota	330	(1)
Tennessee	330	(1)
Texas	330	(1)
Utah	331	(1)
Vermont	331	(1)
Virginia	332	(1)
Washington	332	(1)
West Virginia	332	(1)
Wisconsin	333	(1)
Wyoming	334	(1)
Environmental Standards and Management Organizations	334	(3)
Austria, EU Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)	335	(1)
Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC)	335	(1)
Environmental Management Secretariat for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)	336	(1)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)	336	(1)
Quality Management Systems/Environmental Management Systems (QMS/EMS)	336	(1)
Sustainable Development Networking Programme (SDNP)	337	(1)
World Bank	337	(1)
U.S. EPA Voluntary Standards Network Coordination of ISO 14001 Activities	337	(4)
USEPA	337	(4)
List of Relevant Documents and Publications	341	(26)
Publications for U.S. Environmental Regulations	341	(7)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)	341	(1)
Underground Storage Tanks	342	(1)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)	343	(1)
Wetlands	344	(1)
Environmental Auditing	344	(1)
Free Publications Available from the EU	345	(1)
Selected Titles in International Environmental Law and Management	345	(2)
Other Titles	347	(1)
Suppliers of Environmental, Health, and Safety Resource Materials (books, manuals, standards, periodicals, training meterials, software, videos)	348	(19)
Environment, General	348	(1)
Environmental, International	348	(2)
Environmental Law/Compliance	350	(1)
Environmental Management	351	(1)
Environmental Science/Engineering/Conservation	352	(2)
Hazardous Materials	354	(1)
International (Environmental Standards and Technical Publications)	354	(7)
Safety	361	(1)
Standards	361	(1)
Water and Wastewater (Treatment and Resources)	362	(1)
Periodicals	363	(2)
Videos	365	(2)
Information Available on the Internet	367	(12)
Organizations and Associations	367	(1)
Government Agencies	367	(5)
Australia	367	(1)
Canada	368	(1)
Denmark	369	(1)
Europe	369	(1)
France	369	(1)
Georgia	370	(1)
Germany	370	(1)
Hong Kong	370	(1)
Hungary	370	(1)
Indonesia	370	(1)
Israel	370	(1)
Japan	370	(1)
Luxembourg	370	(1)
New Zealand	371	(1)
Norway	371	(1)
Republic of Mauritius	371	(1)
South Africa	371	(1)
Sweden	371	(1)
Switzerland	371	(1)
Taiwan	371	(1)
Thailand	371	(1)
United Kingdom	372	(1)
United States	372	(1)
Environmental Organizations	372	(3)
Universities and Student Organizations	375	(1)
Other Sites	376	(3)
Index	379