International Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management

by Punnett; Betty Jane

• ISBN13: 9780765631084
• ISBN10: 0765631083
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2012-12-15
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This new book focuses on the cross-national environment that international firms face. It shows how this environment affects individual behavior, organizational behavior, and human resource management. Clearly written and concise, the book sensitizes readers to the many differences that managers face when they operate cross-nationally, and gives them tools to understand and deal with these differences. Most books cover the cultural dimensions of international business quite well. This book goes a step further, with in-depth treatment of important variables in economic, political, historical, and religious differences. The result is an exceptionally balanced and realistic view of the key factors in today's global business environment. It can be assigned to supplement a basic text in OB or HRM, or it can be adopted as a brief core text in an International Management or OB course. It is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate levels.

Author Biography

Betty Jane Punnett, a native of St. Vincent the Grenadines, is Professor of International Business and Management at the University of the West Indies. Her book Experiencing International Business and Management: Exercises, Projects, and Cases, 2nd ed., was published by M.E. Sharpe in 2010.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
The Management World in the Twenty-First Century	p. 3
Overview of the Book	p. 5
The Meaning of Globalization for Managers	p. 7
Understanding Attitudes to Globalization	p. 8
The Future of Globalization	p. 11
Cross-National Convergence and Divergence	p. 14
The World Beyond 2010	p. 17
References	p. 19
The Cultural Environment	p. 20
Introduction	p. 20
Defining Culture	p. 22
Cultural Values	p. 23
Values	p. 23
Needs	p. 24
Attitudes	p. 24
Norms	p. 25
Cultural Value Models	p. 25
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation Model	p. 25
The Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck Model in International Management	p. 27
Hofstede's Value Survey Model	p. 29
Limitations of the Value Survey Model	p. 31
Using the Value Survey Model in International Management	p. 32
Country Clusters	p. 34
Smith and Peterson (1988) Event Management Approach	p. 40
Alternative Cultural Models	p. 46
Ethnocentrism and Parochialism	p. 47
Variation Within Cultures	p. 48
Beyond National Culture	p. 50
Understanding Subcultures	p. 50
Understanding Overlapping Cultures	p. 51
The Importance of Cultural Values for International Managers	p. 52
Summary and Conclusions	p. 53
References	p. 54
The Political and Regulatory Environment	p. 56
Introduction	p. 56
Political Systems	p. 53
Government, Business, and Society	p. 63
Government View of Business	p. 64
View of Foreign Business	p. 65
View of the Home Country	p. 68
Types of Political Risk	p. 69
Forced Divestment	p. 70
Unwelcome Regulations	p. 71
Interference in Operations	p. 72
Assessment and Management of Political Risk	p. 72
Sources of Information	p. 73
Factors Affecting Political Risk	p. 74
Defensive Political Risk Management	p. 76
Integrative Political Risk Management	p. 77
Managerial Choices	p. 78
Summary and Conclusions	p. 79
References	p. 80
The Role of History and Geography in International Management	p. 81
Introduction	p. 81
History and Culture	p. 83
Geography and Culture	p. 83
History and Behavior	p. 84
Geography and Behavior	p. 84
Understanding History and Geography	p. 85
History, Values, and Behavior	p. 85
Geography, Values, and Behavior	p. 86
Influences on Language, Religion, and Economics	p. 89
Ways of Seeing the World	p. 91
Managing Internationally: The Role of History and Geography	p. 94
International Trade and Investment	p. 95
Regional Economic Linkages	p. 98
International Strategy	p. 100
Current Events	p. 102
Summary and Conclusions	p. 103
Notes	p. 104
References	p. 104
Language and Religion in International Management	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Language	p. 105
Linguistic Diversity	p. 109
The Impact of Homogeneity	p. 109
The Impact of Heterogeneity	p. 109
National Languages	p. 110
Linguistic Hierarchies	p. 110
Linguistic Change	p. 112
Managing Language Differences	p. 113
Learning New Languages	p. 113
Translation and Interpretation	p. 113
Religion	p. 116
The Expression of Religion	p. 117
Major Religions of the World	p. 118
Buddhism	p. 118
Christianity	p. 120
Hinduism	p. 121
Islam	p. 122
Other Religious Beliefs	p. 123
Summary and Conclusions	p. 123
Note	p. 124
References	p. 124
Economic Development and the Management of Organizational Behavior and Human Resources	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Understanding Development Issues	p. 127
Definitions of Development	p. 128
Developed Countries	p. 129
Developing Countries	p. 129
Characteristics of Developing Countries	p. 132
The Impact of Level of Development	p. 134
Demography and Development	p. 136
Culture and Development	p. 140
Politics and Development	p. 144
Summary and Conclusions	p. 148
References	p. 148
Motivation in a Cross-National Context	p. 150
Introduction	p. 150
North American Theories of Motivation	p. 151
The Role of Needs in Motivation	p. 152
The Role of Equity in Motivation	p. 157
The Role of Rewards in Motivation	p. 158
The Role of Goals and Expectations in Motivation	p. 161
The Role of Delegation and Participation in Motivation	p. 164
Is Motivation Universal or Culture Bound?	p. 165
Summary and Conclusions	p. 168
Note	p. 168
References	p. 168
Leadership in a Cross-National Context	p. 170
Introduction	p. 170
Theories of Leadership	p. 171
Supports/Substitutes for Leadership	p. 178
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership and the GLOBE Project	p. 179
Path/Goal Clarification	p. 181
Variation in Leadership Concepts	p. 182
Some Cultural Interactions	p. 186
Summary and Conclusions	p. 190
References	p. 191
Cross-National Dimensions of Communication and Negotiation	p. 193
Introduction	p. 193
The Communication Flow	p. 194
Communication Is a Process	p. 195
Communication Includes Purposive and Expressive Messages	p. 195
Communication Is Made Up of Multi-Unit Signals	p. 195
Communication Depends on the Context for Its Meaning	p. 196
Communication Depends on the Competence of the Communicators	p. 197
Barriers to Cross-National Communication Competence	p. 198
Ignorance of Rules of Communication	p. 198
Perceptual Biases	p. 201
Faulty Attributions	p. 203
Stereotypes	p. 204
Negotiations in International Contexts	p. 205
The Negotiation Process	p. 206
Negotiating Norms in Selected Countries	p. 211
Summary and Conclusions	p. 215
References	p. 216
Human Resource Choices in a Cross-National Context	p. 218
Introduction	p. 218
Groups of Employees in International Firms	p. 218
Employee Groups: Benefits and Drawbacks	p. 220
Parent Country Nationals (PCNs)	p. 220
Host Country Nationals (HCNs)	p. 222
Third Country Nationals (TCNs)	p. 224
Staffing and the International Product Life Cycle	p. 228
Foreign Guest Workers	p. 229
Organizational Structure and International HRM Choices	p. 231
Selection and Training of International Managers	p. 233
The Training Process	p. 237
Compensation and Benefits	p. 238
Promotion, Career Development, Retirement	p. 240
Summary and Conclusions	p. 241
References	p. 241
Managing the Expatriate Experience	p. 242
Introduction	p. 242
Special Issues Associated with Expatriates	p. 243
Expatriate Adjustment	p. 244
The Cycle of Culture Shock and Cross-Cultural Adjustment	p. 246
Determinants of Expatriate Adjustment	p. 247
Cross-Cultural Training	p. 252
Approaches to Cross-Cultural Training	p. 252
Appropriate Training	p. 256
Dual-Career Couples	p. 257
Summary and Conclusions	p. 261
References	p. 261
Special Issues in International Human Resource Management	p. 263
Introduction	p. 263
The Role of Women in Business Around the World	p. 264
Some Examples of Women's Role in Business	p. 267
The Meaning of Equality	p. 271
Women as Managers in Different Countries	p. 272
The Role of Women as Managers in Selected Locations	p. 273
Women as International Managers	p. 275
Other Personal Characteristics	p. 278
Ethics in International Management Decisions	p. 279
Universal Versus Culturally Contingent	p. 283
Climate Change: The New Ethical Issue	p. 283
Summary and Conclusions	p. 284
References	p. 285
Index	p. 287
About the Author	p. 301
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