International Relations and World Politics : Security, Economy, Identity

by Viotti, Paul R.; Kauppi, Mark V.

• ISBN13: 9780131844155
• ISBN10: 0131844156
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This comprehensive introduction to international relations focuses on what has changed and what has remained the same since the end of the cold war. Providing a strong conceptual, historical, and theoretical foundation, it identifies key perspectives and the actors in world politics, explains the concepts, tracks the trends (global interdependence and crises of authority), and examines current and future global concerns.KEY TOPICS: The volume provides an introduction to trends, perspectives and concepts, and examines security and statecraft, international security, civil society and the global economy, religion, nationalism and conflicting identities and civil society.For political science and international relations professionals and others interested in the global agenda.

Table of Contents

Part I Overview
Introduction: Trends, Actors, Perspectives, and Concepts	2	(38)
Trends	6	(5)
Globalization and Interdependence	6	(2)
Crises of Authority	8	(2)
Connections and Cautions	10	(1)
Actors	11	(5)
States	12	(1)
International Organizations	12	(1)
Transnational Nongovernmental Organizations	13	(2)
Individuals	15	(1)
Conceptual and Theoretical Perspectives	16	(10)
How Realists See the World	16	(2)
How Pluralists or Liberals See the World	18	(3)
How Global Economic Structuralists See the World	21	(1)
How Others See the World---the English School, Social Constructivists, and Feminists	22	(4)
International Relations and World Politics: Security, Economy, Identity	26	(4)
What Is a Theory, and Why Should We Care?	30	(7)
Critical and Postmodern Challenges to Positivist Science	34	(1)
Assessing the Challenges to Mainstream Science and Positivism	35	(1)
Normative Theory	36	(1)
Overview	37	(1)
Key Terms	38	(1)
Other Concepts	38	(1)
Additional Readings	38	(2)
International Relations and World Politics in Historical Perspective	40	(46)
International Systems: Definition and Scope	42	(2)
Four Types of International Systems	44	(4)
Historical International Systems: An Overview	48	(12)
The Persian Empire	48	(1)
Classical Greece: Independent State and Hegemonic Systems	49	(3)
India: Independent State and Imperial Systems	52	(2)
The Roman Empire	54	(2)
Medieval Europe and the Feudal System	56	(4)
The Rise of the European Independent State System	60	(14)
The Emergence of Collective Hegemony	66	(3)
The Globalization of the European System	69	(5)
Twentieth-Century Hegemonic Systems in a Global Context	74	(2)
Dual Hegemony During the Cold War: A Closer Look	76	(5)
Conclusion	81	(2)
Afterword: Thucydides' The Melian Dialogue	83	(1)
Key Terms	84	(1)
Other Concepts	84	(1)
Additional Readings	85	(1)
Part II State Security and Statecraft
Interests, Objectives, and Power of States	86	(32)
Framework: Interests, Objectives, Threats, and Opportunities	88	(11)
Elements of the Framework	88	(5)
Policy-Making Conflicts over Interests and Objectives	93	(2)
Prioritization of Objectives	95	(2)
Competing Domestic and Foreign Policy Objectives	97	(1)
States versus Other Actors	98	(1)
Capabilities and Power: Translating Objectives into Realities	99	(13)
Political Capabilities	100	(6)
Social and Cultural Capabilities	106	(1)
Geographic, Economic, and Technological Capabilities	107	(3)
Military Capabilities	110	(1)
Measuring Power	110	(2)
Conclusion	112	(1)
Afterword: The Downing Street Memo and The Downing Street Minutes	113	(3)
Key Terms	116	(1)
Other Concepts	116	(1)
Additional Readings	116	(2)
Diplomacy: Managing Relations among States	118	(40)
Definition and Scope	123	(2)
Diplomacy, Private Citizens, and NGOs	124	(1)
The Historical Development of Diplomacy	125	(5)
Diplomatic Machinery and Processes	130	(22)
Recognition of States and Governments	130	(4)
Diplomatic Immunities and Protections	134	(4)
The Organization of Diplomatic Missions	138	(1)
Diplomatic Incentives and Disincentives	138	(6)
The Ways and Means of Diplomatic Communications	144	(8)
Conclusion	152	(2)
Afterword: George Kennan's Long Telegram	154	(2)
Key Terms	156	(1)
Other Concepts	156	(1)
Additional Readings	156	(2)
War, Just Wars, and Armed Intervention	158	(34)
The Rationalities and Irrationalities of Interstate War	160	(1)
The Causes of War	161	(5)
International System Level of Analysis	162	(1)
Individual and Group Levels of Analysis	163	(1)
State and Societal Levels of Analysis	163	(3)
National Strategy and the Use of Force	166	(4)
Restraining War: Moral and Legal Principles and the Use of Force	170	(9)
Pacificism and Bellicism	170	(1)
Just-War Theory	170	(5)
Conduct during War	175	(1)
Noncombatants	175	(4)
Law, Armed Intervention, and World Politics	179	(5)
Intervention and Civil Wars	180	(1)
Humanitarian Intervention	181	(3)
Law, Force, and National Security	184	(2)
Conclusion	186	(1)
Afterword: Thomas Hobbes on The Natural Condition of Mankind	187	(2)
Key Terms	189	(1)
Other Concepts	189	(1)
Additional Readings	189	(3)
Part III International Security
International Cooperation and International Security: International Organizations, Alliances, and Coalitions	192	(46)
Anarchy, Cooperation, Harmony, and Discord	195	(21)
World Government	200	(1)
Alliances, Coalitions, and International Organizations	201	(6)
Collective Security	207	(9)
Peacekeeping: Managing and Controlling Conflicts	216	(4)
Functional Collaboration in Specialized Agencies, Other International Organizations, and Regimes	220	(2)
Conclusion	222	(1)
Key Terms	222	(1)
Other Concepts	222	(1)
Additional Readings	223	(1)
Appendices: The United Nations Charter and the North Atlantic Treaty	224	(11)
United Nations Charter (1945)	224	(9)
The North Atlantic Treaty (1949)	233	(2)
Appendix: Functional International Organizations as Specialized Agencies and Other United Nations Organs	235	(3)
Controlling Global Armaments	238	(36)
Disarmament and Arms Control	240	(9)
Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance	249	(1)
Alternative Deterrence Doctrines	250	(9)
Minimum or Finite Deterrence	251	(2)
Minimum Deterrence: India, Pakistan, and Other New Nuclear Weapons States	253	(2)
Deterrence through Assured (and Mutually Assured) Destruction and Defensive Efforts to Limit Damage	255	(1)
Defense	256	(1)
Warfighting	257	(1)
The End of the Cold War and Implications for Arms Control, Deterrence, Defense, and Warfighting Doctrines	258	(1)
Deterrence Theory: Some Concerns	259	(1)
Weapons Proliferation	259	(11)
Nuclear Weapons and Materiel	260	(3)
Chemical and Biological Weapons	263	(1)
Ballistic Missiles	264	(1)
Conventional Weapons	265	(5)
Conclusion	270	(1)
Afterword: John Locke on War and Maintaining the Peace	271	(1)
Key Terms	272	(1)
Other Concepts	272	(1)
Additional Readings	272	(2)
International Terrorism and Transnational Crime	274	(34)
Terrorism	276	(20)
The Causes of Terrorism	281	(2)
The Extent of Terrorism	283	(4)
The Changing Nature of Terrorism	287	(5)
Responses	292	(4)
Transnational Crime and Globalization	296	(9)
Case Study: The United States, Latin America, and Drugs	302	(3)
Conclusion	305	(1)
Afterword: Osama bin Laden's Fatwah against Americans (1998)	305	(2)
Key Terms	307	(1)
Other Concepts	307	(1)
Additional Readings	307	(1)
Part IV Civil Society and the Global Economy
An Emerging Global Civil Society: International Law, International Organization, and Globalization	308	(20)
The Globalization of International Relations and World Politics	310	(2)
The Emergence of a State-Centric Global Society	312	(3)
International Law and Multilateral Institutions	315	(2)
Constructing Global Civil Society: A Multicentury Project	317	(6)
Diplomacy and Security: Matters of War and Peace	318	(1)
Economic and Commercial Matters	319	(2)
``Growth Areas'' in International Law: Human Rights and the Environment	321	(2)
Conclusion	323	(1)
Afterword: Hugo Grotius and Freedom of the Seas	324	(2)
Key Terms	326	(1)
Other Concepts	326	(1)
Additional Readings	326	(2)
Global Economy: Politics and Capitalism	328	(32)
Global Political Economy	330	(1)
The Emergence and Development of Capitalism as a Worldwide Form of Political Economy	331	(13)
Identifying the Attributes of Capitalist Political Economy	332	(3)
The Passing of Feudalism and the New Politics of Capitalism, Mercantilism, and Liberalism	335	(5)
The Progressive Globalization of Capitalism	340	(4)
The Twentieth-Century Debate on Global Commerce	344	(5)
Trade Regime	345	(1)
Monetary Regime	346	(1)
Investment Regime	346	(3)
The North-South Divide	349	(3)
A Look Ahead	352	(1)
Conclusion	353	(2)
Afterword: Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations	355	(3)
Key Terms	358	(1)
Other Concepts	358	(1)
Additional Readings	358	(2)
The Political Economy of International Trade, Money, and Regional Integration	360	(42)
Classical Trade Theory and Comparative Advantage	362	(9)
Neoclassical and Subsequent Economic Thought on How the Global Political Economy Works	371	(4)
The Impact of Technological Innovation on Free-Trade Theory	373	(2)
Trade and Finance	375	(4)
An International Monetary Regime for Financing International Commerce	379	(11)
International Organizations and International Monetary Regime Maintenance	383	(4)
Political Choices: How Much Capital Should the IMF Have and for What Purposes?	387	(2)
Political Choices: What Next for the WTO?	389	(1)
Regional Economic Integration and Global Commerce	390	(8)
EC and EU Enlargement: Widening the Geographical Scope versus Deepening the Level of Integration	393	(3)
Is Europe Unique?	396	(2)
Conclusion	398	(1)
Afterword: David Ricardo's Political Economy and Foreign Trade	399	(1)
Key Terms	400	(1)
Other Concepts	400	(1)
Additional Readings	401	(1)
The Political Economy of Investment and Sustainable Development	402	(28)
Optimists and Pessimists	403	(2)
Third World Poverty and Capital Formation	405	(16)
Aid	405	(4)
Loans	409	(1)
Direct Foreign Investment	410	(1)
Trade	410	(6)
Other Constraints	416	(5)
Economic Structuralist Critiques and Perspectives	421	(4)
Dependency Theory	421	(2)
Capitalist World-System Theory	423	(2)
Conclusion	425	(1)
Afterword: John Maynard Keynes' The General Theory	426	(1)
Key Terms	427	(1)
Other Concepts	428	(1)
Additional Readings	428	(2)
The Global Environment	430	(24)
A Global Perspective	432	(5)
Atmosphere	432	(2)
Land	434	(1)
Forests	434	(1)
Biodiversity	435	(1)
Freshwater	435	(1)
Coastal and Marine Areas	436	(1)
The Environment and Security	437	(4)
International Organizations and the Environment	441	(5)
Transnational Organizations and the Environment	446	(2)
Global Population	448	(2)
Conclusion	450	(1)
Afterword: Thomas Malthus' On Population	451	(1)
Key Terms	452	(1)
Additional Readings	452	(2)
Part V Identity and Civil Society
Religion, Nationalism, and Conflicting Identities	454	(36)
Religion	457	(7)
Islam	459	(5)
Nations, Ethnic Groups, and States	464	(14)
Nations and Nationalism	464	(3)
Binational States	467	(2)
Multinational, Multitribal, and Other Multiethnic States	469	(6)
Nation-States and Nations without States	475	(3)
Approaches to Dealing with Nationalism and Ethnicity	478	(6)
National Self-Determination	478	(1)
Alternative Approaches to Maintaining Unity in Binational, Multinational, and Multiethnic States	479	(5)
Social and Economic Approaches to Intercommunal Peace	484	(2)
Conclusion	486	(2)
Appendix: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948)	488	(1)
Key Terms	489	(1)
Other Concepts	489	(1)
Additional Readings	489	(1)
Humanitarianism: Human Rights and Refugees	490	(48)
Human Rights and the Human Condition	492	(4)
Justice: The Universality of Human Rights versus State Sovereignty	496	(7)
Human Rights and the Liberal Tradition	496	(3)
Human Rights across Cultures	499	(1)
Culturally Specific Rights and Values	500	(3)
Toward Global Society and Values That Transcend Diverse Cultures	503	(12)
From Theory to Fact	505	(2)
Machinery for Human Rights Issues and Cases	507	(4)
Regional Human Rights Efforts in Europe	511	(1)
Other Regional Human Rights Efforts	512	(1)
NGOs and Human Rights	513	(2)
Refugees	515	(6)
An International Regime for Refugees	519	(2)
Conclusion	521	(2)
Afterword: Immanuel Kant's Morality and Politics	523	(1)
Appendices: Human Rights, Humanitarian Law, and the Treatment of Prisoners and Detainees	524	(3)
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1947)	524	(1)
Geneva Convention IV	525	(2)
Magna Carta (1215)	527	(1)
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens (1789)	528	(1)
The U.S. Bill of Rights	529	(2)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights	531	(4)
Key Terms	535	(1)
Other Concepts	535	(1)
Additional Readings	535	(3)
Questions in Lieu of Conclusions	538	(10)
Final Words	547	(1)
Additional Readings	548