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9780195170740

Interpersonal Communication

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780195170740

  • ISBN10:

    0195170741

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2003-08-28
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

"Now in its sixth edition, Interpersonal Communication continues to help students learn the skills needed to communicate effectively in an increasingly complex environment, while interweaving the most current research and important theories in interpersonal communication."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

Arthur Jensen is Assistant Dean and Associate Professor of Communication and Rhetorical Studies at Syracuse University.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
PART 1 INTRODUCTORY PERSPECTIVES 1(46)
1 Introduction: Communication and Competence
3(20)
What Is Communication?
4(2)
Definitions of Human Communication
4(1)
Characteristics of Communication
5(1)
BOX 1.1 Bonzo Goes to College: Attempts to Teach Language to Primates
6(10)
A Model of Communicative Competence
10(6)
Individual Knowledge and Communicative Competence
11(4)
Social Context and Communicative Competence
15(1)
BOX 1.2 Insulting the Meat: An Interpersonal Communication Ritual
16(7)
The Link Between Process and Performance
16(2)
Skill Building: On Taking a Process Perspective
18(1)
Process to Performance
19(4)
Review Terms
19(1)
Suggested Readings
19(1)
Topics for Discussion
19(1)
Observation Guide
20(1)
Exercises
21(2)
2 Interpersonal Communication: Building Relationships
23(24)
What Is Interpersonal Communication? The Nature of Dyads
23(3)
The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Relationships
26(1)
BOX 2.1 The Neuroscience of Love: Why We Need Relationships
26(12)
What Is a Relationship?
27(2)
The Characteristics of Relationships
29(4)
Relational Paths: Intimacy and Distance
33(4)
Interpersonal Profiles: Private and Public Paths
33(3)
Independence vs. Conformity: A Basic Interpersonal Dilemma
36(1)
Building Relationships: What Does It Take to Be Relationally Competent?
37(1)
Communication Competence and Relationships
37(1)
BOX 2.2 Mind Your Manners: Some Social Functions of Etiquette
38(11)
Some Characteristics of Healthy Relationships
40(1)
Skill Building: A Preview
41(1)
Process to Performance
42(8)
Review Terms
42(1)
Suggested Readings
42(1)
Topics for Discussion
43(1)
Observation Guide
44(1)
Exercises
44(3)
PART 2: SENDING AND RECEIVING MESSAGES 47(90)
3 Nonverbal Competence
49(34)
What Is Nonverbal Communication?
50(3)
Spontaneous Communication
51(1)
Symbolic Communication
51(1)
The Power of Nonverbal Codes
52(1)
The Functions of Nonverbal Codes: Three Ways to Use Them
53(2)
Expressing Meaning
53(1)
Modifying Verbal Messages
54(1)
Regulating the Flow of Interaction
55(1)
The Structure of Nonverbal Codes: Seven Channels for Message Making
55(13)
Proxemics
55(3)
Physical Appearance
58(2)
Gaze
60(2)
BOX 3.1 The "Guarded Self": How to Avoid Being Seen in Public
62(6)
Facial Expression
62(3)
Kinesics
65(3)
BOX 3.2 A Nonlinear History of Handshaking
68(15)
Vocalics
68(2)
Tactile Communication
70(1)
Balancing Nonverbal Codes: Compensating and Reciprocating
71(2)
Equilibrium Theory
71(1)
Compensating and Reciprocating in Everyday Life
72(1)
The Interplay of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
73(2)
Skill Building: Communicating Feelings
75(3)
Expressing Feelings
75(2)
Reflecting Feelings
77(1)
Process to Performance
78(6)
Review Terms
78(1)
Suggested Readings
78(1)
Topics for Discussion
79(1)
Observation Guide
79(1)
Exercises
80(3)
4 Verbal Competence
83(30)
What Is Language?
84(3)
Differences Between the Verbal and Nonverbal Codes
84(2)
Characteristics of the Verbal Code
86(1)
The Functions of Language
87(1)
The Structure of Language: Three Levels of Meaning
88(6)
Semantic Meaning: Language at the Level of the Word
88(2)
Syntactic Meaning: Language at the Level of the Utterance
90(1)
Pragmatic Meaning: Language at the Level of the Speech Act
91(3)
Language, Power, and Politics
94(5)
Linguistic Determinism: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
94(1)
Language, Thought, and Action: Language and Naming
95(1)
BOX 4.1 Speaking with Names: An Apache Language Ritual
96(3)
Group Membership and Language Use: Discourse and Identity
98(1)
BOX 4.2 Talking Tough in Teamsterville: Male Role Enactment in an Urban Community
99(14)
Skill Building: Initiating Conversation
104(4)
Initiating Talk
106(1)
Using Free Information During Conversation
107(1)
Closing Conversations
107(1)
Process to Performance
108(6)
Review Terms
108(1)
Suggested Readings
108(1)
Topics for Discussion
109(1)
Observation Guide
110(1)
Exercises
110(3)
5 Relational Competence
113(24)
What Are Relational Messages?
114(2)
The Nature of Relational Messages
114(1)
Sending Relational Messages
114(1)
Relational Messages and Relational Definitions
115(1)
The Content of Relational Messages
116(5)
Sending Dominance Messages
116(3)
Indicating Emotional Tone
119(1)
Showing Similarity
119(1)
Defining Episodes
119(1)
Indicating Intimacy
119(2)
How Relational Messages Affect Us
121(1)
Confirming and Disconfirming Messages
121(1)
Paradoxes and Double Binds
121(1)
BOX 5.1 Netiquette: Common Courtesy Online
122(8)
Pragmatic Patterns and Relational Sequences
125(4)
Looking for Meaning in Patterns
125(1)
Patterns vs. People: The Locus of Dyadic Communication
126(1)
The Problem of Punctuation
127(1)
Types of Patterns
127(2)
Skill Building: Empathy and Perspective-Taking
129(1)
BOX 5.2 Schismogenesis: Patterns of Role Differentiation in a New Guinea Village
130(9)
Process to Performance
132(8)
Review Terms
132(1)
Suggested Readings
133(1)
Topics for Discussion
133(1)
Observation Guide
134(1)
Exercises
134(3)
PART 3: INTERPERSONAL PROCESSES 137(110)
6 Interpretive Competence: How We Perceive Individuals, Relationships, and Social Events
139(36)
Why Is Social Cognition Important in Interpersonal Communication?
140(3)
Social Cognition and the Reception of Messages
140(1)
Social Cognition and Action
141(1)
Social Cognition and Control
141(1)
Communication and Changes in Social Cognitions
142(1)
The Structure of Social Cognition
143(3)
How the Mind Works
144(1)
Types of Cognitive Structures
144(2)
The Perceptual Process: An Overview
146(4)
Creating Structure, Stability, and Meaning
146(2)
Selective Exposure and Attention
148(1)
Interpreting and Organizing Stimuli
149(1)
BOX 6.1 Perception Goes to the Movies: How Cinematographers Influence What We See
150(16)
Four Processes in Interpersonal Perception
152(13)
Sizing Up Situations
152(3)
Sizing Up People
155(4)
Sizing Up Relationships
159(1)
Explaining Behavior: Attribution Theories
160(5)
Skill Building: Becoming a Competent Listener
165(1)
BOX 6.2 Interpretive Competence: Making Sense by Using Reflections and Interpretations
166(9)
Types of Listening
167(1)
Developing Listening Skills
168(2)
Process to Performance
170(5)
Review Terms
170(1)
Suggested Readings
170(1)
Topics for Discussion
171(1)
Observation Guide
172(1)
Exercises
172(3)
7 Role Competence: Adapting to Social Expectations
175(18)
Being Part of the Group: Following Social Rules
175(3)
Social Control and Conformity Pressures
176(1)
The Nature of Social Roles
176(2)
BOX 7.1 They Just Like to Be Not the Same as Us: Play Patterns and the Development of Sex Role Identities
178(8)
Choosing Our Roles
178(3)
Social Support and Role Identity
179(1)
Commitment and Role Identity
180(1)
Rewards and Role Identity
181(1)
How Social Roles Affect Communication
181(4)
Communication as Performance
181(3)
Communication and Story-Telling
184(1)
Skill Building: Becoming More Mindful
185(1)
BOX 7.2 When is a Man a "Real Man "?
186(7)
Mindfulness and Open-Mindedness
187(1)
Increasing Mindfulness
188(1)
Process to Performance
189(5)
Review Terms
189(1)
Suggested Readings
190(1)
Topics for Discussion
190(1)
Observation Guide
191(1)
Exercises
191(2)
8 Self Competence: Establishing Individual Identities
193(26)
The Self in History
194(1)
Self-Concepts: Gaining Independence from Social Roles and Rules
195(1)
What Is the Self-Concept?
196(1)
BOX 8.1 The Saturated Self. Will You Still Be You Tomorrow?
196(8)
Self as Narrative
197(2)
Self as Cognitive Schema
199(1)
Self as Behavioral Indicators
200(1)
Self as Relational Achievement
201(1)
Self as Internal Dialogue
202(1)
Individual Differences and Interpersonal Communication
203(1)
BOX 8.2 Zen and the Art of Selfishness: "What is Your Original Face Before Your Mother and Father were Born?"
204(15)
Communicator Style
205(1)
Rhetorical Sensitivity
205(2)
Communication Apprehension
207(1)
Attachment Styles
207(1)
Intimacy Motivation
208(1)
Skill Building: Improving Competence Through Self-Disclosure
208(7)
What Is Self-Disclosure?
209(1)
General Rules for Revealing the Self
210(2)
A Case Study in Disclosure: The Coming Out Process
212(3)
Process to Performance
215(5)
Review Terms
215(1)
Suggested Readings
215(1)
Topics for Discussion
216(1)
Observation Guide
216(1)
Exercises
217(2)
9 Goal Competence: Interpersonal Influence
219(28)
BOX 9.1 Moon for the Misbegotten. Methods of Cult Conversion
220(18)
Communication and Strategic Interaction
221(2)
Instrumental, Relational, and Identity Issues
222(1)
Symbolic Role-Taking and Social Sensitivity
222(1)
Understanding Others' Needs
223(11)
The Need for Rewards
223(4)
The Need for Stability and Consistency
227(5)
The Need for Self-Respect
232(2)
Summary: Choice and Motivation
234(1)
Identity and Influence: Source Characteristics
234(3)
Power and Interpersonal Influence
234(2)
Self-Presentation Strategies
236(1)
Influence as Self-Persuasion
237(1)
Planning Persuasive Messages: Compliance-Gaining Strategies
237(1)
BOX 9.2 Caveat Emptor: Techniques of Confidence Tricksters
238(11)
Kinds of Message Strategies
239(2)
The Structure of Requests
241(1)
Interpersonal Influence and Goal Competence
241(1)
Skill Building: Becoming More Assertive
242(2)
Process to Performance
244(6)
Review Terms
244(1)
Suggested Readings
245(1)
Topics for Discussion
245(1)
Observation Guide
246(1)
Exercises
246(1)
RART 4: RELATIONAL CONTEXTS 247(152)
10 Family Interaction Patterns
249(38)
Maintaining Family Ties
250(1)
The Family as a System: Structure and Function
251(8)
Family Structures
252(5)
The Functions of the Family
257(2)
The Evolving Family: Calibrating Change
259(1)
BOX 10.1 A Better Place to Live: How the Built Environment Shapes Family and Community Life
260(8)
The Dynamics of Change in the Family
262(3)
Strategies for Coping with Change
265(1)
Families in History
266(2)
BOX 10.2 Childhood in the 18th Century: What Shapes the Family That Shapes Us?
268(19)
Family Communication Patterns
270(8)
Interaction Patterns in the Family as a Whole
270(2)
Interaction Patterns in Family Subsystems
272(6)
Communicative Competence and the Family
278(2)
Family and Interpretive Competence
278(1)
Family and Role Competence
278(1)
Family and Goal Competence
279(1)
Family and Self Competence
279(1)
Family and Message Competence
279(1)
Skill Building: Communicating to Comfort
280(2)
Process to Performance
282(6)
Review Terms
282(1)
Suggested Readings
282(1)
Topics or Discussion
283(1)
Observation Guide
284(1)
Exercises
284(3)
11 Intimate Relationships: Creating Dyadic Identities
287(42)
Have People Always Had Intimate Relationships?
288(1)
How Are Intimate Relationships Formed Today?
289(1)
Defining Private Bonds
289(1)
BOX 11.1 Cupid's Shuttlecock: Individualism and Romantic Love in 19th-century America
290(14)
Friendships and Romantic Relationships
291(1)
Influences in Defining Intimacy
292(1)
The Creation of Intimate Relations
292(4)
Interpersonal Attraction: Opening the Door
296(3)
Duck's Filtering Theory of Attraction
296(1)
Interpersonal Magnets: Factors That Pull Us Together and Push Us Apart
297(2)
The Closer the Better: Revealing Self to Other
299(5)
Stages of Development in Friendship
300(3)
Stages of Development in Romantic Coupling
303(1)
BOX 11.2 Playing the Dating Game: A Social History of Courtship
304(25)
Two Close for Comfort: Relational Maintenance and Dissolution
309(10)
Balancing Self-Identity and Relational Identity
309(4)
Stages of Relationship Dissolution
313(3)
Warning Signs: Gottman's "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse"
316(3)
Communicative Competence and Intimate Relations
319(3)
Intimacy and Interpretive Competence
319(1)
Intimacy and Role Competence
320(1)
Intimacy and Self Competence
320(1)
Intimacy and Goal Competence
320(1)
Intimacy and Message Competence
320(2)
Skill Building: Managing Interpersonal Conflict and Stress
322(3)
Positive Aspects of Interpersonal Conflict
322(1)
Mismanaged Conflict
323(1)
Effective Feedback During Conflict
323(1)
Conflict Containment
324(1)
Process to Performance
325(5)
Review Terms
325(1)
Suggested Readings
325(1)
Topics for Discussion
325(1)
Observation Guide
326(1)
Exercises
326(3)
12 Professional Relationships: Communicating with Colleagues and Other Strangers
329(36)
Interpersonal Communication in Public Situations
330(5)
Public Realms in History
330(1)
Interacting in the Public Realm Today
331(4)
Communication in Our Communities
335(1)
Space and Place: Community Design and Communication
335(1)
Third Places: Connecting with Your Community
335(1)
Interpersonal Communication in the Workplace
336(14)
Sizing Up Organizational Cultures
336(2)
BOX 12.1 The Conversational Organization
338(12)
Making the Team
342(4)
Serving the Customer
346(2)
Drawing the Line on Relationships
348(1)
Managing the Office Romance
349(1)
BOX 12.2 "Sorry, I'm Not Apologizing": Conversational Rituals Between Women and Men at Work
350(15)
Deciphering the Boundaries Between Home, Work, and Community
350(2)
Communicative Competence and Professional Relationships
352(2)
Professional Relationships and Interpretive Competence
352(1)
Professional Relationships and Role Competence
352(1)
Professional Relationships and Self Competence
353(1)
Professional Relationships and Goal Competence
353(1)
Professional Relationships and Message Competence
354(1)
Skill Building: Creative Conflict Management and Negotiation
354(6)
Choosing Your Conflict Style
354(2)
Taking a Problem-Solving Approach to Negotiation
356(2)
Rules for Cooperative Problem Solving
358(2)
Process to Performance
360(5)
Review Terms
360(1)
Suggested Readings
360(1)
Topics for Discussion
361(1)
Observation Guide
362(1)
Exercises
362(3)
13 Cultural and Historical Influences: Communication Competence in Context
365(34)
Cultural Influences
365(10)
How Cultures Differ
366(3)
American Cultural Patterns
369(1)
BOX 13.1 When East Meets West: Hidden Differences in Corporate Communication Styles
370(5)
Ethnic, Regional, and Class Differences
372(2)
Communicating Across Culture
374(1)
BOX 13.2 If You Can't Stand the Shame, Don't Play the Game: Playing the Dozens as a Conflict-Reducing Ritual
375(24)
Barriers to Intercultural Understanding
377(4)
Communicative Competence and Culture
381(3)
Culture and Interpretive Competence
382(1)
Culture and Role Competence
382(1)
Culture and Goal Competence
383(1)
Culture and Self Competence
383(1)
Culture and Message Competence
384(1)
Historical Influences
384(8)
The Colonial Period (1600-1780)
385(2)
The Early Industrial Period (1830-1880)
387(3)
The Modern Period (1900-1960)
390(2)
Communicative Competence and Historical Change
392(2)
History and Interpretive Competence
392(1)
History and Role Competence
393(1)
History and Goal Competence
393(1)
History and Self Competence
394(1)
History and Message Competence
394(1)
Skill Building: Increasing Sensitivity to Context
394(2)
Adapting to International Differences
395(1)
Increasing Subcultural Understanding
395(1)
Process to Performance
396(3)
Review Terms
396(1)
Suggested Readings
397(1)
Topics for Discussion
397(1)
Observation Guide
398(1)
Exercises
398(1)
References 399(24)
Indexes 423(10)
Illustration Credits 433

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