Based on the idea that philosophy is a truly exciting and accessible subject, this engaging text acquaints students with the core problems of philosophy and the many ways in which they have been answered. It acknowledges that philosophy is very much alive today but is also deeply rooted in the past--in the many traditions that converge and diverge from ancient Greece, ancient China, and ancient India. Accordingly, the book combines substantial original sources from significant works in the history of philosophy with detailed commentary and explanation that help to clarify the readings. The selections range from the oldest known fragments to cutting-edge essays in feminism, multiculturalism, and cognitive science. In this seventh edition, the readings have been edited for clarity and conciseness and include new selections from The Economist , Robert Kane, John Corvino, Cheshire Calhoun, Nelson Mandela, Mencius, and Hsun Tsu. Each chapter is followed by a summary, a glossary, and a bibliography with suggestions for further readings. Important philosophical terms are carefully introduced within the text and also summarized at the end of each chapter, and brief biographies of the philosophers are provided at the end of the book. Ideal for courses in introductory philosophy, Introducing Philosophy: A Text with Integrated Readings, 7/e presents students with various alternatives on critical philosophical issues and encourages them to arrive at their own conclusions.

Chapters 1-10 end with Summary and Conclusion, Glossary, and Bibliography and Further Readings sections
Preface
Introduction: Philosophy
Socrates
From The Clouds
From The Apology; from The Crito
What Is Philosophy?
From The Apology
From Tao Te Ching
A Modern Approach to Philosophy
From Discourse on Method
A Brief Introduction to Logic
Deductive Arguments
Inductive Arguments
Argument by Analogy
Argument by Counter-Example
Reductio ad Absurdum
The Worst Kind of Fallacies
Glossary
Bibliography and Further Reading
The World and Beyond
Reality
"The Way The World Really Is"
The First Philosophers: The "Turning Point of Civilization"
From The "Axial Period"
The Early Greek Philosophers
The Ionian Naturalists
Monism, Materialism, and Immaterial "Stuff"
Heraclitus
Democritus, Atoms, and Pluralism
Animism
Pythagoras
The Appearance/Reality Distinction
Parmenides
The Sophists
Metaphysics
Ultimate Reality in the East: India, Persia, and China
Reality as Spirit: The Upanishads
Reality, Good, and Evil: Zarathustra
Confucius
Lao Tsu, or the Poets of Tao Te Ching
Buddha
The "Fire-Sermon"
Two Kinds of Metaphysics: Plato and Aristotle
Plato
From The Republic; from The Meno
Aristotle
Modern Metaphysics: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz
Rene Descartes
On Substance
Benedictus de Spinoza
From Ethics
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
From Monadology
Religion
What is Religion?
From "Gods"
On the Design of the Universe
From "What Is Religion?"
The Western Religions
The Traditional Conception of God
Can We Know That God Exists?
The Ontological Argument
The Ontological Argument
Against the Ontological Argument
The Cosmological Argument
The "Fifth Way"
An Imperfect Universe
Religion, Morality, and Evil
Religion and "Practical Reason"
On God and Morality
From "The Will to Believe"
The Problem of Evil
From Confessions
Hinduism, Buddhism, Karma, and Compassion
D
ibn-Rushd, on the Philosophic Study of God
From The Brothers Karamazov
Faith and Irrationality
God as Experience
From The Deliverance from Error
The Leap of Faith
On Subjective Truth
God as Ultimate Concern
The Ultimate Concern
F
From Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
From Beyond Good and Evil and The Antichrist
From The Joyful Wisdom
From The Future of an Illusion
Knowledge
From The Problems of Philosophy
From the Theatetus
The Rationalist''s Confidence: Descartes
From "Meditation I"; from "Meditation II"; from "Meditation VI"
Innate Ideas Concerning Human Understanding
From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Leibniz''s Rebuttal, from New Essays on the Human Understanding
The Empiricist Theory of Knowledge
From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Common Sense Undone
From the Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
The Congenial Skeptic
From A Treatise of Human Nature; from the Enquiry
An Ancient Skeptic: Nagarjuna
Double Vision: A Non-Western Feminist Perspective
On Feminist Epistemology
Trutha
Two Kinds of Truth
Analytic Truths
From Metaphysics
From The Critique of Pure Reason
Truths about the World
Theories of Truth
The Coherence Theory
On the Coherence Theory
The Pragmatic Theory
From "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"
On the Pragmatic Theory
The Semantic Theory
From "The Semantic Theory of Truth"
Kant''s Revolution
From Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
The Battle in Europe after Kant: Relativism and Absolutism
Hegel
From The Phenomenology of Spirit; from Reason in History
Schopenhauer
From The World as Will and Representation
Nietzsche
From Various Works
Phenomeonology
From The 1929 Paris Lectures
Pragmatism, and Feminism: Relativism Reconsidered
From "Solidarity or Objectivity?"
From "Cultural Gaps: Why Do We Misunderstand?"
On Feminist Knowledge
Know Thy Self
Self
Consciousness and the Self: From Descartes to Kant
From "Meditation VI"
On Personal Identity
"There Is No Self"
Against the Soul
"Personal Identity"
Existentialism: Self-Identity and the Responsibility of Choice
On Existentialism; on Bad Faith; from No Exit
The Individual and the Community
On the Dispensability of Consciousness
On "The Public"; on Self and Passion
"Dasein" and the "They"
On Individualism
Voices of Protest
On Being "African"; from "At the Audobon"
From "Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?"
On Androgyny
Beyond "Individualism"
"Spirit" and the Individual
A Retort
On the Social Self
One Self? Any Self? Questioning the Concept of Personal "Essence"
From Steppenwolf
From The Sex Which Is Not One
From "The Man of Reason"From the Dhammapada
Tao Te Ching, 13
Mind and Bodya
What Is Consciousness?
Rene Descartes, from "Meditation VI"; from "Meditation III"
The Problem of Dualism
The Economist, "A Tour of the Brain"
Rene Descartes, from "The Passions of the Soul"
The Rejection of Dualism
Radical Behaviorism
Logical Behaviorism
"Descartes'' Myth"
The Identity Theory
"Sensations and Brain Processes"
Against the Identity Theory
Eliminative Materialism
On Eliminative Materialism
Functionalism: The Mind and the Computer
From "The Myth of the Computer"
Connectionism
The Problem of Consciousness
On the "Unconscious"
"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"
Changing Our Minds: Holism and Consciousness
From De Anima
From "Does Consciousness Exist?"
Freedoma
Fatalism and Karma
From Oedipus the King
On Fate
Predestination
St. Augustine, On Free Choice of the Will, Book II
From "The Human Ego: Its Freedom and Immortality"
On the Yoruba Ori
From "Freedom of the Will"
Determinism
Hard Determinism
From System of Nature
Determinism versus Indeterminism
On Indeterminism
The Role of Consciousness
Soft Determinism
On Causation and Necessity
On Causation and Character
From "Wiggle Room"
Compulsion and Ignorance
On Voluntary Action
From "What Means This Freedom?"
Conditioning
Beyond Freedom
Beyond Skinner
From A Clockwork Orange
On Coercion of Women''s Sexuality
Freedom in Practice
"Coercion and Moral Responsibility"
"The Dilemma of Negro Americans"
Radical Freedom: Existentialism
From "Absolute Freedom"
From "The Most Advantageous Advantage"
From "Turning on the Television"
The Good and The Beautiful
Ethics
Morality
Is Morality Relative?
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Introducing Philosophy A Text with Integrated Readings

9780195155105

0195155106

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