Introducing Phonetics and Phonology

by Davenport, Mike; Hannahs, S. J.

• ISBN13: 9780340810453
• ISBN10: 0340810459
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-21
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

This book examines some of the ways linguistics can express what native speakers know about the sound system of their language. Intended for the absolute beginner, it requires no previous background in linguistics, phonetics or phonology. Starting with a grounding in phonetics and phonologicaltheory, this book provides a base from which more advanced treatments may be approached. It begins with an examination of the foundations of articulatory and acoustic phonetics, moves on to the basic principles of phonology, and ends with an outline of some further issues within contemporaryphonology. Varieties of English, particularly Received Pronunciation and General American, form the focus of consideration, but aspects of the phonetics and phonology of other languages are discussed as well. This new edition includes a new chapter on intonation, stress and tone. It has been updated throughout to take account of the latest developments in phonological theory but without sacrificing the book's ease of use for beginners.

Table of Contents

List of tables	x
List of figures	xi
Preface	xiii
Preface to the second edition	xv
The International Phonetic Alphabet	xvi
Introduction	1	(6)
Phonetics and phonology	1	(2)
The generative enterprise	3	(4)
Further reading	6	(1)
Introduction to articulatory phonetics	7	(11)
Overview	8	(6)
Speech sound classification	14	(1)
Supra-segmental structure	15	(1)
Consonants vs. vowels	16	(2)
Further reading	16	(1)
Exercises	17	(1)
Consonants	18	(20)
Stops	19	(7)
Affricates	26	(1)
Fricatives	27	(3)
Nasals	30	(1)
Liquids	31	(3)
Glides	34	(2)
An inventory of English consonants	36	(2)
Further reading	37	(1)
Exercises	37	(1)
Vowels	38	(18)
Vowel classification	38	(1)
The vowel space and Cardinal Vowels	39	(2)
Further classifications	41	(1)
The vowels of English	42	(9)
Some vowel systems of English	51	(5)
Further reading	54	(1)
Exercises	54	(2)
Acoustic phonetics	56	(17)
Fundamentals	56	(4)
Speech sounds	60	(10)
Crosslinguistic values	70	(3)
Further reading	71	(1)
Exercises	71	(2)
Above the segment	73	(18)
The syllable	73	(5)
Stress	78	(6)
Tone and intonation	84	(7)
Further reading	89	(1)
Exercises	89	(2)
Features	91	(23)
Segmental composition	91	(1)
Phonetic vs. phonological features	92	(2)
Charting the features	94	(15)
Conclusion	109	(5)
Further reading	110	(2)
Exercises	112	(2)
Phonemic analysis	114	(18)
Sounds that are the same but different	114	(3)
Finding phonemes and allophones	117	(3)
Linking levels: rules	120	(2)
Choosing the underlying form	122	(6)
Summary	128	(4)
Further reading	129	(1)
Exercises	129	(3)
Phonological alternations, processes and rules	132	(15)
Alternations vs. processes vs. rules	132	(1)
Alternation types	133	(4)
Formal rules and rule writing	137	(5)
Overview of phonological operations and rules	142	(2)
Summary	144	(3)
Further reading	145	(1)
Exercises	145	(2)
Phonological structure	147	(25)
The need for richer phonological representation	148	(3)
Segment internal structure: feature geometry and underspecification	151	(5)
Autosegmental phonology	156	(6)
Suprasegmental structure	162	(8)
Conclusion	170	(2)
Further reading	170	(1)
Exercises	170	(2)
Derivational analysis	172	(22)
The aims of analysis	172	(2)
A derivational analysis of English noun plural formation	174	(4)
Extrinsic vs. intrinsic rule ordering	178	(2)
Evaluating competing analyses: evidence, economy and plausibility	180	(10)
Conclusion	190	(4)
Further reading	190	(1)
Exercises	191	(3)
Constraining the model	194	(19)
Abstractness in analysis	195	(2)
Extrinsic and intrinsic rule ordering revisited	197	(1)
Constraining the power of the phonological component	198	(7)
Alternative to derivation: non-derivational phonology	205	(6)
Conclusion	211	(2)
Further reading	212	(1)
References	213	(3)
Subject index	216	(4)
Varieties of English index	220	(2)
Language index	222