Introduction to Audiology

by Martin, Frederick N.; Clark, John Greer

• ISBN13: 9780205295364
• ISBN10: 0205295363
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This is a major revision of the leading text for the introduction to hearing and hearing disorders course required of all SLP/A majors. Known for its in-depth coverage of the physics of sound, anatomy and physiology of the auditory system, causes and treatment of hearing disorders, and the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, Introduction to Audiology is now augmented by an instructional CD-ROM.The accompanying CD-ROM features visual and auditory demonstrations, samples of audiograms representing different kinds of hearing loss, different sound stimuli, and filtered speech to simulate sensorineural hearing loss. It also includes an extensive literature section with useful forms, addresses of organizations, publishers, lists of books of special interest, and much more.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
How to Use This Book	p. xv
How to Use the CD-ROM	p. xvii
About the Authors	p. xxi
Elements of Audiology	p. 1
The Profession of Audiology	p. 3
Learning Objectives	p. 3
The Evolution of Audiology	p. 3
Licensing and Certification	p. 5
Prevalence and Impact of Hearing Loss	p. 5
A Blending of Art and Science	p. 7
Audiology Specialties	p. 8
Employment Settings	p. 10
Professional Societies	p. 10
Summary	p. 12
Study Questions	p. 12
References	p. 12
Suggested Readings	p. 13
The Human Ear and Simple Tests of Hearing	p. 14
Learning Objectives	p. 14
Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear	p. 15
Pathways of Sound	p. 15
Types of Hearing Loss	p. 17
Hearing Tests	p. 17
Tuning Fork Tests	p. 18
Summary	p. 22
Study Questions	p. 23
Suggested Readings	p. 23
Sound and Its Measurement	p. 25
Learning Objectives	p. 25
Sound	p. 26
Waves	p. 26
Vibrations	p. 29
Frequency	p. 30
Resonance	p. 32
Sound Velocity	p. 32
Wavelength	p. 33
Phase	p. 34
Complex Sounds	p. 35
Intensity	p. 38
The Decibel	p. 40
Environmental Sounds	p. 46
Psychoacoustics	p. 47
Impedance	p. 51
Sound Measurement	p. 51
Summary	p. 64
Study Questions	p. 64
References	p. 64
Suggested Readings	p. 64
Hearing Assessment	p. 67
Pure-Tone Audiometry	p. 69
Learning Objectives	p. 69
The Pure-Tone Audiometer	p. 70
Test Environment	p. 70
The Patient's Role in Manual Pure-Tone Audiometry	p. 74
The Clinician's Role in Manual Pure-Tone Audiometry	p. 76
Air-Conduction Audiometry	p. 78
Bone-Conduction Audiometry	p. 87
Audiogram Interpretation	p. 90
Masking	p. 97
The Audiometric Weber Test	p. 107
Automatic Audiometry	p. 109
Computerized Audiometry	p. 109
Summary	p. 110
Study Questions	p. 110
References	p. 110
Suggested Readings	p. 112
Speech Audiometry	p. 113
Learning Objectives	p. 113
The Diagnostic Audiometer	p. 114
Test Environment	p. 114
The Patient's Role in Speech Audiometry	p. 114
The Clinician's Role in Speech Audiometry	p. 115
Speech-Threshold Testing	p. 116
Masking for SRT	p. 122
Bone-Conduction SRT	p. 125
Most Comfortable Loudness Level	p. 125
Uncomfortable Loudness Level	p. 126
Range of Comfortable Loudness	p. 126
Speech-Recognition Testing	p. 126
Computerized Speech Audiometry	p. 140
Summary	p. 140
Study Questions	p. 144
References	p. 144
Suggested Readings	p. 146
Diagnostic Hearing Tests	p. 148
Learning Objectives	p. 148
Acoustic Immittance	p. 149
Acoustic Reflexes	p. 158
Otoacoustic Emissions	p. 165
Auditory Evoked Potentials	p. 168
A Historical Note	p. 181
Summary	p. 183
Study Questions	p. 184
References	p. 184
Suggested Readings	p. 185
Hearing Tests for Children	p. 187
Learning Objectives	p. 187
Auditory Responses	p. 188
Identifying Hearing Loss in Infants under 3 Months of Age	p. 189
Objective Testing in Routine Pediatric Hearing Evaluation	p. 195
Behavioral Testing of Children from Birth to Approximately 2 Years of Age	p. 198
Behavioral Testing of Children Approximately 2 to 5 Years of Age	p. 202
Language Disorders	p. 208
Auditory Processing Disorders	p. 209
Psychological Disorders	p. 210
Developmental Disabilities	p. 210
Identifying Hearing Loss in the Schools	p. 211
Nonorganic Hearing Loss in Children	p. 215
Summary	p. 216
Study Questions	p. 216
References	p. 216
Suggested Readings	p. 219
Hearing Disorders	p. 221
The Outer Ear	p. 223
Learning Objectives	p. 223
Anatomy and Physiology of the Outer Ear	p. 223
Development of the Outer Ear	p. 229
Hearing Loss and the Outer Ear	p. 229
Disorders of the Outer Ear and Their Treatments	p. 230
Summary	p. 238
Study Questions	p. 238
References	p. 238
Suggested Readings	p. 238
The Middle Ear	p. 240
Learning Objectives	p. 240
Anatomy and Physiology of the Middle Ear	p. 240
Development of the Middle Ear	p. 247
Hearing Loss and the Middle Ear	p. 247
Disorders of the Middle Ear and Their Treatments	p. 248
Other Causes of Middle-Ear Hearing Loss	p. 273
Summary	p. 274
Study Questions	p. 274
References	p. 274
Suggested Readings	p. 275
The Inner Ear	p. 277
Learning Objectives	p. 277
Anatomy and Physiology of the Inner Ear	p. 278
Development of the Inner Ear	p. 290
Hearing Loss and Disorders of the Inner Ear	p. 290
Causes of Inner-Ear Disorders	p. 291
Summary	p. 312
Study Questions	p. 312
References	p. 312
Suggested Readings	p. 314
The Auditory Nerve and Central Auditory Pathways	p. 315
Learning Objectives	p. 315
Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory Nerve and Ascending Auditory Pathways	p. 316
The Descending Auditory Pathways	p. 319
Development of the Auditory Nerve and Central Auditory Nervous System	p. 320
Summary of the Auditory Pathways	p. 320
Hearing Loss and the Auditory Nerve and Central Auditory Pathways	p. 320
Disorders of the Auditory Nerve	p. 321
Disorders of the Cochlear Nuclei	p. 329
Disorders of the Higher Auditory Pathways	p. 330
Tests for Auditory Processing Disorders	p. 333
Summary	p. 342
Study Questions	p. 343
References	p. 343
Suggested Readings	p. 346
Nonorganic Hearing Loss	p. 347
Learning Objectives	p. 347
Terminology	p. 348
Patients with Nonorganic Hearing Loss	p. 349
Indications of Nonorganic Hearing Loss	p. 350
Performance on Routine Hearing Tests	p. 351
Tests for Nonorganic Hearing Loss	p. 354
Management of Patients with Nonorganic Hearing Loss	p. 360
Summary	p. 361
Study Questions	p. 362
References	p. 362
Suggested Readings	p. 363
Management of Hearing Loss	p. 365
Amplification/Sensory Systems	p. 367
Learning Objectives	p. 367
Hearing Aid Development	p. 368
Hearing Aid Circuit Overview	p. 369
Characteristics of Hearing Aids	p. 371
Binaural Amplification	p. 374
Types of Hearing Aids	p. 375
Selecting Hearing Aids for Adults	p. 388
Selecting Hearing Aids for Children	p. 392
Hearing Aid Acceptance and Orientation	p. 393
Dispensing Hearing Aids	p. 395
Hearing Assistance Technologies	p. 396
Summary	p. 400
Study Questions	p. 400
References	p. 400
Suggested Readings	p. 402
Audiologic Treatment	p. 403
Learning Objectives	p. 403
Patient Histories	p. 404
Referral to Other Specialists	p. 407
Audiologic Counseling	p. 411
Management of Adult Hearing Impairment	p. 417
Management of Childhood Hearing Impairment	p. 421
The Deaf Community	p. 427
Management of Auditory Processing Disorders	p. 428
Management of Tinnitus	p. 429
Hyperacusis	p. 432
Vestibular Rehabilitation	p. 432
Multicultural Considerations	p. 433
Evidence-Based Practice	p. 434
Outcome Measures	p. 435
Summary	p. 435
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