Introduction to Hydrology

by Viessman, Warren, Jr.; Lewis, Gary L.

• ISBN13: 9780673993373
• ISBN10: 067399337X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-10-09
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This book systematically covers underlying principles of hydrology in chapters 1 - 10 and then delves deeper into the application of these principles to practical problems in the field throughout the remainder of the prose.Covers all aspects of the hydrologic cycle, and the manner in which they may be modified to deal with floods, droughts, potable water supply and urban drainage.For anyone who expect to become involved in programs that are concerned with the development, management and protection of water resources.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Hydrology Defined

The Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Budget

Hydrologic Models

Applications

Hydrologic Measurements and Data Sources

Units Of Measurement

Hydrologic Data

Hydrologic Measurements

Data Networks and Telemetry

Urban Runoff Monitoring

Groundwater Monitoring

National Water Data Exchange

Statistical Methods In Hydrology

Random Variables and Statistics

Probability Distributions

Distribution Statistics

Probability Applications: Frequency and Return Period

Types of Probability Distribution Functions

Continuous Probability Distribution Functions

Frequency Analysis

Flow Duration Analysis

Linear Regression and Correlation

Precipitation

Water Vapor

Precipitation

Distribution of Precipitation

Point Precipitation

Areal Precipitation

Probable Maximum Precipitation

Gross and Net Precipitation

Precipitation Frequency Analysis

Snow Accumulation

Interception and Depression Storage

Interception

Throughfall

Depression Storage

Evaporation and Transpiration

Evaporation

Estimating Evaporation

Evaporation Control

Transpiration

Transpiration Control

Evapotranspiration

Estimating Evapotranspiration

Infiltration

Measuring Infiltration

Calculation of Infiltration

Horton's Infiltration Model

Green-Ampt Model

Huggins-Monke Model

Holtan Model

Recovery of Infiltration Capacity

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Infiltration Capacity

SCS Runoff Curve Number Procedure

PHI Index

Surface Water Hydrology

Streamflow

Runoff

Floods and Droughts

Snowmelt Hydrology

Hydrographs

Hydrograph Components

Hydrograph Time Relationships

Unit Hydrographs

Synthetic Unit Hydrographs

Hydrograph Routing

Groundwater Hydrology

Introduction

Groundwater Flow

Flow to Wells

Saltwater Intrusion

Groundwater Basin Development

Regional Groundwater Models

Joint Surface-Water-Groundwater Systems

Urban Hydrology

Approaches to Urban Hydrology

Effects of Urbanization on Runoff

Peak Flow Methods for Urban Areas

Urban Hydrograph Methods and Models

Vendor-Developed Urban Stormwater Software

Hydrologic Simulation and Streamflow Synthesis

Hydrologic Simulation Overview

Single-Event Rainfall-Runoff Models

Continuous Simulation Models

Groundwater Flow Simulation Models

Streamflow Synthesis

Hydrology in Design

Hydraulic Structure Design Methods

Hydrologic Design Data

Hydrologic Design Standards and Criteria

Synthesizing Design Storms

Urban Storm Drainage Design

Airport Drainage Design

Detention Storage Design

Appendices

Index

Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

Given the burgeoning interest in environmental issues, it is believed that course offerings in hydrology will expand nationwide and that the need for contemporary elementary textbooks on the subject will increase. This fifth edition ofIntroduction to Hydrologyhas been redesigned to play an important role in meeting that need.Water scientists and engineers of tomorrow must be equipped to deal with a diversity of issues such as the design and operation of data retrieval and storage systems; forecasting; developing alternative water use futures; estimating water requirements for natural systems; exploring the impacts of climate change; developing more efficient systems for applying water in all water-using sectors; and analyzing and designing water management systems incorporating technical, economic, environmental, social, legal, and political elements. A knowledge of hydrologic principles is a requisite for dealing with such issues.In the early years of the twentieth century, water resources development and management were focused almost exclusively on water supply and flood control. Today, these issues are still important, but environmental protection, ensuring safe drinking water, and providing aesthetic and recreational experiences compete equally for attention and funds. Furthermore, an environmentally conscious public is pressing for greater reliance on improved management practices, with fewer structural components, to solve the nation's water problems. The notion of continually striving to provide more beater has been replaced by one of husbanding this precious natural resource.There is a growing constituency for allocating water for the benefit of fish and wildlife, for protection of marshes and estuary areas, and for other natural system uses. But estimating the quantities of water needed for environmental protection and for maintaining and/or restoring natural systems is difficult. Scientific data are sparse, and our understanding of the complex interactions inherent in ecosystems of all scales is rudimentary. And this is a critical issue, since the quantities of water involved in environmental protection can be substantial, and competition for these waters from traditional water users is keen. The nations of the world. are facing major decisions regarding natural systems, decisions that are laden with significant economic and social impacts. Thus there is an urgency associated with developing a better understanding of ecologic systems and of their hydrologic components.The fifth edition has been rewritten to acquaint future water scientists and managers with the basic elements of the hydrologic cycle. It reviews data sources, introduces statistical analyses in the context of hydrologic problem-solving, covers the components of the hydrologic budget, discusses hydrograph analysis and routing, and introduces groundwater hydrology, urban hydrology, hydrologic models, and hydrologic design. The book is designed to meet the needs of students who expect to become involved in programs that are concerned with the development, management, and protection of water resources. Many solved examples and problems serve to amplify the concepts presented in the text. Many appropriate Internet addresses are provided.Numerous sources have been drawn upon to provide subject matter for the book, and the authors hope that suitable acknowledgment has been given to them. The authors also thank the following reviewers: Istvan Bogardi, Meteoroligia, Hungary; Praveen Kumar, University of Illinois; David B. Thompson, University of Texas; and Jose D. Salas, Colorado State University. Colleagues and students are also recognized for their helpful comments and reviews. WARREN VIESSMAN, JR. GARY L. LEWIS