Introduction to Literature : Fiction, Poetry, and Drama

by Barnet, Sylvan; Burto, William E.; Cain, William E.; Berman, Morton

Edition:

14th

ISBN13:

9780321356017

ISBN10:

0321356012

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/2006

Publisher(s):

Longman

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Summary

*This classic (genre-organized) text retains the literature that has made it a success for over 13 editions while adding fresh, new readings, arranged in innovative and enlightening ways: nearly 300 poems, 60 stories, and 15 plays. * Distinguished author team has edited numerous composition texts and literature compilations. * "In Brief" writing chapters provide guidelines for writing about each genre. * Seven casebooks contain critical essays, interviews with authors, and student model essays on an author or particular work. * New "American Voices" chapters, focusing on multicultural literature, now appear in each section: Fiction, Poetry, and Drama.

A Note on the Cover

iii

Preface

xxvii

Letter to Students

xxxv

PART I Reading, Thinking, and Writing Critically about Literature

(58)

Reading and Responding to Literature

(23)

What Is Literature?

(5)

Looking at an Example: Robert Frost's ``Immigrants''

(1)

Robert Frost, Immigrants

(3)

Looking at a Second Example: Pat Mora's ``Immigrants''

(1)

Pat Mora, Immigrants

(1)

Grounds for Argument: The Parable of the Prodigal Son

(3)

Luke, The Parable of the Prodigal Son

(3)

Stories True and False

(3)

Grace Paley, Samuel

(3)

What's Past Is Prologue

(1)

Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill

(4)

Jamaica Kincaid, Girl

(2)

Tobias Wolff, Powder

(2)

James Merrill, Christmas Tree

(2)

W. F. Bolton, Might We Too?

(2)

Writing about Literature: From Idea to Essay

(33)

Why Write Arguments about Literature?

(1)

Getting Ideas: Pre-Writing

(9)

Annotating a Text

(1)

Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing

(1)

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour

(2)

Focused Free Writing

(1)

Listing and Clustering

(1)

Developing an Awareness of the Writer's Use of Language

(1)

Asking Questions

(1)

Keeping a Journal

(1)

Arguing a Thesis

(1)

Writing a Draft

(5)

Sample Draft of an Essay on Kate Chopin's ``The Story of an Hour''

(2)

Revising a Draft

(1)

Peer Review

(2)

The Final Version

(2)

A Brief Overview of the Final Version

(1)

Explication

(4)

A Sample Explication

(1)

William Butler Yeats, The Balloon of the Mind

(3)

Explication as Argument

(1)

Comparison and Contrast: A Way of Arguing

(1)

Review: How to Write an Effective Essay

(3)

Additional Readings

(9)

Kate Chopin, Ripe Figs

(1)

William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark

(1)

Lorna Dee Cervantes, Refugee Ship

(1)

Jose Armas, El Tonto del Barrio

(6)

PART II Fiction

(602)

Approaching Fiction: Responding in Writing

(11)

Ernest Hemingway, Cat in the Rain

(3)

Responses: Annotations and Journal Entries

(4)

A Sample Essay by a Student

(4)

Stories and Meanings: Plot, Character, Theme

(25)

Aesop, The Vixen and the Lioness

(1)

W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra

(1)

Anonymous, Muddy Road

(1)

Anton Chekhov, Misery

(7)

Kate Chopin, Desiree's Baby

(4)

Alice Walker, Everyday Use

(8)

Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings

(3)

Narrative Point of View

(47)

Participant (or First-Person) Points of View

(1)

Nonparticipant (or Third-Person) Points of View

(1)

The Point of a Point of View

100

(1)

John Updike, A & P

101

(5)

Jack London, To Build a Fire

106

(12)

Alice Elliot Dark, In the Gloaming

118

(13)

V. S. Naipaul, The Night Watchman's Occurrence Book

131

(6)

Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

137

(7)

Allegory and Symbolism

144

(33)

A Note on Setting

147

(1)

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown

147

(10)

John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums

157

(8)

Eudora Welty, A Worn Path

165

(6)

Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children

171

(6)

In Brief: Writing Arguments about Fiction

177

(14)

Plot

177

(1)

Character

177

(1)

Point of View

178

(1)

Setting

178

(1)

Symbolism

179

(1)

Style

179

(1)

Theme

179

(1)

A Story, Notes, and an Essay

180

(1)

Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado

180

(5)

A Student's Written Response to a Story

185

(6)

Notes

185

(2)

A Sample Response Essay

187

(4)

Three Fiction Writers in Depth: Flannery O'Connor, Raymond Carver, and Alice Munro

191

(82)

Flannery O'Connor, Two Stories and Comments About Writing

191

(1)

Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find

191

(13)

Flannery O'Connor, Revelation

204

(14)

On Fiction: Remarks from Essays and Letters

218

(1)

Flannery O'Connor, From ``The Fiction Writer and His Coutry''

218

(1)

Flannery O'Connor, From ``Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction''

219

(1)

Flannery O'Connor, From ``The Nature and Aim of Fiction''

219

(1)

Flannery O'Connor, From ``Writing Short Stories''

220

(1)

Flannery O'Connor, ``A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable''

220

(3)

On Interpreting ``A Good Man Is Hard to Find''

223

(1)

Raymond Carver: Three Stories, an Interview, and Comments about Writing

224

(1)

Raymond Carver, Mine and Little Things

224

(2)

Raymond Carver, Cathedral

226

(11)

Raymond Carver, Talking about Stories

237

(2)

Raymond Carver, On Rewriting

239

(1)

Raymond Carver, On ``Cathedral''

240

(1)

Alice Munro: Two Stories, an Essay, and an Interview

240

(1)

Alice Munro, Boys and Girls

240

(10)

Alice Munro, The Children Stay

250

(17)

Alice Munro, What Is Real?

267

(3)

Alice Munro, A Conversation

270

(3)

Law and Disorder: Narratives from Biblical Times to the Present

273

(24)

Anonymous, The Judgment of Solomon

274

(1)

John, The Woman Taken in Adultery

275

(1)

Franz Kafka, Before the Law

276

(2)

Elizabeth Bishop, The Hanging of the Mouse

278

(2)

James Alan McPherson, An Act of Prostitution

280

(11)

Sherman Alexie, The Trial of Thomas Builds-the-Fire

291

(6)

American Voices: Fiction for a Diverse Nation

297

(74)

Leslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds

297

(4)

Jack Forbes, Only Approved Indians Can Play: Made in USA

301

(2)

John Updike, The Rumor

303

(8)

Gloria Naylor, The Two

311

(6)

Diana Chang, The Oriental Contingent

317

(5)

Katherine Min, Courting a Monk

322

(10)

Gish Jen, Who's Irish?

332

(8)

Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson

340

(6)

Katherine Anne Porter, He

346

(7)

Bernard Malamud, Black Is My Favorite Color

353

(7)

Oscar Casares, Yolanda

360

(7)

Michele Serros, Senior Picture Day

367

(4)

A Collection of Short Fiction

371

(190)

Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych

374

(39)

Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace

413

(6)

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper

419

(11)

Willa Cather, Paul's Case: A Study in Termperament

430

(14)

James Joyce, Araby

444

(4)

William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily

448

(11)

William Faulkner, Barn Burning

459

(12)

Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark

471

(5)

Langston Hughes, One Friday Morning

476

(6)

Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal

482

(10)

Contemporary Voices

492

(69)

John Updike, Separating

492

(8)

Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

500

(12)

Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh

512

(10)

Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried

522

(12)

Amy Tan, Two Kinds

534

(8)

Helena Marie Viramontes, The Moths

542

(5)

Elizabeth Tallent, No One's a Mystery

547

(2)

Lorrie Moore, How to Become a Writer

549

(5)

Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible

554

(7)

The Novel

561

(100)

Observations on the Novel

561

(3)

Reading Kate Chopin's The Awakening

564

(2)

New Orleans in Kate Chopin's Day: An Album of Pictures

566

(4)

Kate Chopin, The Awakening

570

(91)

PART III Poetry

661

(364)

Approaching Poetry: Responding in Writing

663

(12)

Langston Hughes, Harlem

663

(6)

Thinking about ``Harlem''

664

(1)

Some Journal Entries

665

(2)

Final Draft

667

(2)

Aphra Behn, Song: Love Armed

669

(6)

Journal Entries

670

(1)

A Sample Essay by a Student: ``The Double Nature of Love''

671

(4)

Narrative Poetry

675

(22)

Popular Ballads and Other Narrative Poems

675

(1)

Anonymous, There was a young fellow of Riga

675

(2)

Anonymous British Ballad, Sir Patrick Spence

677

(2)

Anonymous British Ballad, The Demon Lover

679

(3)

John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci

682

(1)

A. E. Housman, Bredon Hill

683

(2)

Anonymous African-American Ballad, De Titanic

685

(3)

Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain

688

(2)

Siegfried Sassoon, The General

690

(1)

Countee Cullen, Incident

691

(1)

Edward Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory

692

(1)

Thomas Gray, Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes

693

(1)

Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death

694

(1)

John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby

695

(2)

Lyric Poetry

697

(21)

Anonymous, Michael Row the Boat Ashore

697

(1)

Anonymous, Careless Love

697

(2)

Anonymous, The Colorado Trail

699

(1)

Anonymous, Western Wind

699

(1)

Julia Ward Howe, Battle Hymn of the Republic

700

(2)

Wendy Cope, Valentine

702

(1)

William Shakespeare, Spring

703

(1)

William Shakespeare, Winter

703

(1)

W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone

704

(1)

Emily Bronte, Spellbound

705

(1)

Thomas Hardy, The Self-Unseeing

706

(2)

Anonymous African-American Spiritual, Go Down, Moses

708

(2)

Langston Hughes, Evenin' Air Blues

710

(1)

Li-Young Lee, I Ask My Mother to Sing

711

(1)

Edna St. Vincent Millay, The Spring and the Fall

711

(1)

Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth

712

(1)

Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider

713

(1)

John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn

714

(2)

Paul Laurence Dunbar, Sympathy

716

(1)

Linda Pastan, Jump Cabling

717

(1)

The Speaking Tone of Voice

718

(24)

Emily Dickinson, I'm Nobody! Who are you?

718

(2)

Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool

720

(1)

Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother

721

(1)

Linda Pastan, Marks

722

(1)

The Reader as the Speaker

723

(4)

Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning

723

(1)

Wislawa Szymborska, The Terrorist, He Watches

724

(1)

John Updike, Icarus

725

(2)

The Dramatic Monologue

727

(2)

Robert Browning, My Last Duchess

727

(2)

Diction and Tone

729

(6)

Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time

730

(1)

Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed

731

(1)

Walter de la Mare, An Epitaph

732

(1)

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall: To a Young Child

732

(1)

Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know

733

(1)

Lyn Lifshin, My Mother and the Bed

733

(2)

The Voice of the Satirist

735

(7)

E. E. Cummings, next to of course god america i

736

(1)

Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll

737

(1)

Louise Erdrich, Dear John Wayne

738

(1)

Jonathan Swift, A Satirical Elegy on the Death of a Late Famous General

739

(2)

Alexander Pope, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog which I gave to His Royal Highness

741

(1)

Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Apostrophe

742

(14)

Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose

743

(1)

Sylvia Plath, Metaphors

744

(1)

Simile

745

(1)

Richard Wilbur, A Simile for Her Smile

745

(1)

Metaphor

746

(2)

John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer

746

(2)

Personification

748

(1)

Michael Drayton, Since There's No Help

748

(1)

Apostrophe

749

(7)

Edmund Waller, Song

749

(2)

William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow

751

(1)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle

751

(1)

Seamus Heaney, Digging

752

(1)

Dana Gioia, Money

753

(1)

Craig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard Home

754

(1)

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130

755

(1)

Imagery and Symbolism

756

(21)

William Blake, The Sick Rose

757

(1)

Walt Whitman, I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing

757

(3)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan

760

(3)

Frederick Morgan, The Master

763

(1)

Claude McKay, The Tropics in New York

764

(2)

Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck

766

(2)

Christina Rossetti, Uphill

768

(1)

Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar

768

(1)

Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream

769

(1)

Edgar Allan Poe, To Helen

770

(1)

Herman Melville, DuPont's Round Fight

771

(2)

Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones

773

(1)

A Note on Haiku

774

(3)

Moritake, Fallen petals rise

774

(1)

Sokan, If only we could

774

(1)

Shiki, River in summer

775

(1)

Richard Wright, Four Haiku

775

(1)

Writing a Haiku

775

(1)

Taigi, Look, O look, there go

776

(1)

Cyber-Haiku

776

(1)

Irony

777

(11)

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias

778

(1)

Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress

779

(2)

John Donne, Holy Sonnet XIV (``Batter my heart, three-personed God'')

781

(1)

Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie

782

(1)

Martin Espada, Tony Went to the Bodega but He Didn't Buy Anything

783

(2)

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink

785

(1)

Sherman Alexie, Evolution

785

(1)

Henry Reed, Naming of Parts

786

(2)

Rhythm and Versification

788

(34)

Ezra Pound, An Immorality

789

(2)

A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock

791

(1)

William Carlos Williams, The Dance

792

(1)

Robert Francis, The Pitcher

793

(1)

Versification: A Glossary for Reference

794

(7)

Meter

794

(3)

Patterns of Sound

797

(1)

Galway Kinnell, Blackberry Eating

798

(1)

A Note about Poetic Forms

799

(1)

Stanzaic Patterns

800

(1)

Three Complex Forms: The Sonnet, The Villanelle, and the Sestina

801

(7)

The Sonnet

801

(1)

Six Sonnets

802

(1)

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 (``That time of year thou mayst in me behold'')

802

(1)

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 146 (``Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth'')

803

(2)

John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent

805

(1)

John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece

806

(1)

X. J. Kennedy, Nothing in Heaven Functions as It Ought

806

(1)

Billy Collins, Sonnet

807

(1)

The Villanelle

808

(5)

Edwin Arlington Robinson, The House on the Hill

809

(1)

Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

810

(1)

Elizabeth Bishop, One Art

811

(1)

Wendy Cope, Reading Scheme

812

(1)

The Sestina

813

(4)

Rudyard Kipling, Sestina of the Tramp-Royal

814

(2)

Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina

816

(1)

Shaped Poetry or Pattern Poetry

817

(2)

George Herbert, Easter Wings

817

(1)

Lillian Morrison, The Sidewalk Racer

818

(1)

Blank Verse and Free Verse

819

(1)

Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer

820

(1)

The Prose Poem

820

(2)

Carolyn Forche, The Colonel

821

(1)

In Brief: Writing Arguments About Poetry

822

(10)

First Response

822

(1)

Speaker and Tone

822

(1)

Audience

823

(1)

Structure and Form

823

(1)

Center of Interest and Theme

823

(1)

Diction

823

(1)

Sound Effects

823

(1)

A Note on Explication

824

(1)

A Student's Written Response to a Poem

824

(5)

Louise Gluck, Gretel in Darkness

825

(4)

Student Essay

829

(3)

Poets at Work

832

(10)

Walt Whitman, Enfans d'Adam, number 9

832

(2)

Donald Justice, Elsewheres

834

(2)

Cathy Song, Out of Our Hands

836

(2)

William Butler Yeats: ``Leda and the Swan'' (Three Versions)

838

(4)

William Butler Yeats, Annunciation

840

(1)

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1924)

840

(1)

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1933)

840

(2)

The Span of Life: Poems from the Cradle to the Grave

842

(33)

Three Short Long Views

845

(3)

Robert Frost, The Span of Life

845

(1)

Sir Walter Raleigh, What Is Our Life?

846

(1)

E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town

847

(1)

Early Years

848

(6)

William Blake, Infant Joy

848

(1)

William Blake, Infant Sorrow

849

(1)

Anonymous, How Many Miles to Babylon

850

(1)

Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage

851

(1)

Louise Gluck, The School Children

852

(1)

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays

853

(1)

Sex, Love, Marriage, Children

854

(6)

William Butler Yeats, For Anne Gregory

854

(1)

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 (``Let me not to the marriage of true minds'')

854

(1)

Kitty Tsui, A Chinese Banquet

855

(2)

Frank O'Hara, Homosexuality

857

(1)

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Sonnet xli

858

(1)

Wyatt Prunty, Learning the Bicycle

859

(1)

Anonymous, Higamus, Hogamus

860

(1)

Work, Play, Getting On

860

(5)

John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player

860

(1)

Rita Dove, Daystar

861

(1)

Gary Snyder, Hay for the Horses

862

(1)

James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota

863

(1)

Marge Piercy, To be of use

864

(1)

Last Years

865

(3)

Gwendolyn Brooks, The Bean Eaters

865

(1)

Robert Burns, John Anderson My Jo

865

(1)

William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium

866

(2)

Good Nights

868

(3)

A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young

868

(1)

W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen

869

(1)

Anonymous, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot

870

(1)

Voices from Below

871

(4)

William Shakespeare, Epitaph (``Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare'')

871

(1)

Thomas Hardy, Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave

872

(2)

Edgar Lee Masters, Minerva Jones

874

(1)

Edgar Lee Masters, Doctor Meyers

874

(1)

Edgar Lee Masters, Mrs. Meyers

874

(1)

American Voices: Poems for a Diverse Nation

875

(16)

Paula Gunn Allen, Pocahontas to Her English Husband, John Rolfe

875

(2)

Robert Frost, The Vanishing Red

877

(1)

Aurora Levins Morales, Child of the Americas

878

(1)

Joseph Bruchac III, Ellis Island

879

(1)

Mitsuye Yamada, To the Lady

880

(1)

Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It

881

(3)

Claude McKay, America

884

(1)

Dudley Randall, The Melting Pot

884

(1)

Martin Espada, Bully

885

(1)

Jimmy Santiago Baca, So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans

886

(1)

Sherman Alexie, On the Amtrack from Boston to New York City

887

(1)

Nila northSun, Moving Camp Too Far

888

(1)

Laureen Mar, My Mother, Who Came from China, Where She Never Saw Snow

889

(2)

Variations on Themes: Poems and Paintings

891

(24)

Writing about Poems and Paintings

891

(1)

A Sample Student Essay

892

(2)

Jane Flanders, Van Gogh's Bed

894

(2)

Adrienne Rich, Mourning Picture

896

(2)

Cathy Song, Beauty and Sadness

898

(2)

Carl Phillips, Luncheon on the Grass

900

(1)

Anne Sexton, The Starry Night

901

(3)

W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts

904

(3)

X. J. Kennedy, Nude Descending a Staircase

907

(1)

Sherman Alexie, At Navajo Monument Valley Tribal School

908

(2)

John Updike, Before the Mirror

910

(2)

Greg Pape, American Flamingo

912

(3)

Three Poets in Depth: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston Hughes

915

(39)

On Reading Authors Represented in Depth

915

(2)

Emily Dickinson

917

(11)

These are the days when Birds come back

917

(1)

Papa above!

918

(1)

Wild Nights---Wild Nights!

918

(1)

There's a certain Slant of light

919

(1)

I got so I could hear his name---

919

(1)

The Soul selects her own Society

920

(1)

This was a Poet---It is That

920

(1)

I heard a Fly buzz---when I died

921

(1)

This World is not Conclusion

922

(1)

I like to see it lap the Miles

922

(1)

A narrow Fellow in the Grass

923

(1)

Further in Summer than the Birds

923

(1)

Tell all the Truth but tell it slant

924

(1)

A Route of Evanesence

924

(1)

Those---dying, then

924

(1)

Apparently with no surprise

925

(1)

I felt a Funeral, in my Brain

926

(1)

I felt a Cleaving in my Mind---

927

(1)

The Dust behind I strove to join

927

(1)

Letters about Poetry

928

(3)

To Susan Gilbert (Dickinson)

929

(1)

Letter to T. W. Higginson

929

(1)

Letter to T. W. Higginson

930

(1)

Robert Frost

931

(9)

The Pasture

931

(1)

Mending Wall

932

(1)

The Wood-Pile

933

(1)

The Road Not Taken

933

(1)

The Telephone

934

(1)

The Oven Bird

934

(1)

The Aim Was Song

935

(1)

The Need of Being Versed in Country Things

935

(1)

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

936

(1)

Acquainted with the Night

936

(1)

Desert Places

937

(1)

Design

938

(1)

The Silken Tent

938

(1)

Come In

938

(2)

The Most of It

940

(1)

Robert Frost on Poetry

940

(2)

The Figure a Poem Makes

940

(2)

From ``The Constant Symbol''

942

(1)

Langston Hughes

942

(7)

The Negro Speaks of Rivers

943

(1)

Mother to Son

943

(1)

The Weary Blues

944

(1)

The South

944

(1)

Ruby Brown

945

(1)

Poet to Patron

946

(1)

Ballad of the Landlord

946

(1)

Too Blue

947

(1)

Harlem [1]

947

(1)

Theme for English B

948

(1)

Poet to Bigot

949

(1)

Langston Hughes on Poetry

949

(5)

The Negro and the Racial Mountain

949

(4)

On the Cultural Achievements of African-Americans

953

(1)

Poetry and Translation

954

(16)

A Poem Translated from Spanish, in an Essay by a Student

954

(5)

A Note on Using the First-Person Singular Pronoun in Essays

958

(1)

Translating a Poem of Your Choice, and Commenting on the Translation

959

(1)

Last-Minute Help: Three Spanish Poems

960

(2)

Anonymous, Ya se van los pastores

960

(1)

Anonymous, Una gallina con pollos

960

(1)

Gabriela Mistral, El Pensador de Rodin

960

(1)

Gabriela Mistral, Rodin's Thinker, translated by Gustavo Alfaro

961

(1)

Translating Haiku

962

(2)

Basho, Old pond

962

(1)

Basho, Withered branch

963

(1)

Basho, Summer grasses

964

(1)

Further Thoughts about Translating Poetry

964

(2)

Catullus, Odi et amo

965

(1)

Can Poetry Be Translated?

966

(1)

Looking at Translations of a Poem by Charles Baudelaire

967

(3)

Charles Baudelaire, L'Albatros

968

(1)

Charles Baudelaire, The Albatross, translated by Richard Wilbur

969

(1)

A Collection of Poems

970

(55)

Anonymous, The Three Ravens

970

(1)

Anonymous, The Twa Corbies

971

(1)

Anonymous, Edward

972

(2)

Anonymous, John Henry

974

(1)

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 (``When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes'')

975

(1)

John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

976

(1)

John Donne, The Flea

977

(1)

Ben Jonson, On My First Son

977

(1)

Ben Jonson, Still to Be Neat

978

(1)

Robert Herrick, Delight in Disorder

978

(1)

William Blake, The Lamb

979

(1)

William Blake, The Tyger

979

(1)

William Blake, London

979

(2)

William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us

981

(1)

William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

981

(1)

William Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper

982

(1)

Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America

983

(1)

Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney, The Indian's Welcome to the Pilgrim Fathers

984

(1)

John Keats, To Autumn

985

(1)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses

986

(2)

Robert Browning, Porphyria's Lover

988

(1)

Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach

989

(1)

Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur

990

(1)

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty

991

(1)

James Weldon Johnson, To America

991

(1)

William Carlos Williams, Spring and All

992

(1)

Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro

993

(1)

H. D., Helen

993

(1)

T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

994

(3)

Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica

997

(1)

Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish

998

(2)

Contemporary Voices

1000

(1)

Gwendolyn Brooks, Martin Luther King Jr.

1000

(1)

Anthony Hecht, The Dover Bitch: A Criticism of Life

1001

(1)

Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter

1002

(1)

Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California

1003

(1)

Anne Sexton, Her Kind

1004

(1)

Adrienne Rich, For the Felling of an Elm in the Harvard Yard

1004

(1)

Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers

1005

(1)

Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin

1005

(1)

X. J. Kennedy, For Allen Ginsberg

1006

(1)

Miller Williams, Listen \ 014

1007

(1)

Derek Walcott, A Far Cry from Africa

1007

(1)

Sylvia Plath, Daddy

1008

(2)

Linda Pastan, Love Poem

1010

(1)

Amiri Baraka, A Poem for Black Hearts

1011

(1)

Lucille Clifton, in the inner city

1012

(1)

Joseph Brodsky, Love Song

1013

(1)

Bob Dylan, The Times They Are A-Changin'

1013

(2)

Pat Mora, Sonrisas

1015

(1)

Pat Mora, Illegal Alien

1015

(1)

Pat Mora, Legal Alien

1016

(1)

Nikki Giovanni, Master Charge Blues

1017

(1)

Ellen Bryant Voigt, Quarrel

1018

(1)

Carol Muske, Chivalry

1018

(1)

Wendy Rose, Three Thousand Dollar Death Song

1019

(2)

Diane Ackerman, Pumping Iron

1021

(1)

Joy Harjo, Vision

1021

(1)

Judith Ortiz Cofer, My Father in the Navy: A Childhood Memory

1022

(1)

Bob Hicok, Man of the House

1023

(2)

PART IV Drama

1025

(714)

How to Read a Play

1027

(67)

Thinking about the Language of Drama

1027

(3)

Plot and Character

1030

(3)

Susan Glaspell, Trifles

1033

(10)

Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie

1043

(46)

A Context for The Glass Menagerie

1089

(1)

Tennessee Williams, Production Notes

1089

(5)

Tragedy

1094

(321)

A Note on Greek Tragedy

1098

(1)

Two Plays by Sophocles

1099

(1)

Sophocles, Oedipus the King

1099

(43)

Sophocles, Antigone

1142

(36)

Two Plays by Shakespeare

1178

(1)

A Casebook on Hamlet

1178

(1)

A Note on the Elizabethan Theater

1178

(1)

A Note on the Texts of Hamlet

1179

(6)

Portfolio: Hamlet on the Stage

1185

(3)

William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

1188

(111)

Ernest Jones, Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex

1299

(2)

Stanley Wells, On the First Soliloquy

1301

(2)

Elaine Showalter, Representing Ophelia

1303

(1)

Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television

1304

(1)

Bernice W. Kliman, The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production

1305

(2)

Will Saretta, Branagh's Film of Hamlet

1307

(3)

A Note on the Texts of Othello

1310

(2)

Portfolio: Playing Othello

1312

(8)

William Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of Venice

1320

(95)

Comedy

1415

(60)

William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream

1418

(57)

Two Plays about Marriage

1475

(69)

Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House

1475

(54)

Contexts for A Doll's House

1529

(2)

Henrik Ibsen, Notes for the Tragedy of Modern Times

1529

(1)

Henrik Ibsen, Adaptation of A Doll's House for a German Production

1530

(1)

Henrik Ibsen, Speech at the Banquet of the Norwegian League for Women's Rights

1530

(1)

Clare Boothe Luce, Slam the Door Softly

1531

(13)

In Brief: Writing Arguments about Drama

1544

(15)

Plot and Conflict

1544

(1)

Character

1545

(1)

Tragedy

1545

(1)

Comedy

1546

(1)

Nonverbal Language

1546

(1)

The Play in Performance

1546

(1)

A Sample Student Essay, Using Sources

1547

(12)

American Voices: Drama for a Diverse Nation

1559

(180)

Jane Martin, Rodeo

1560

(4)

Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman

1564

(68)

A Context for Death of a Salesman

1632

(1)

Arthur Miller, Tragedy and the Common Man

1632

(3)

Eve Merriam, Paul Wagner, and Jack Hofsiss, Out of Our Fathers' House

1635

(21)

Luis Valdez, Los Vendidos

1656

(10)

A Context for Los Vendidos

1666

(2)

Luis Valdez, The Actos

1666

(2)

Harvey Fierstein, On Tidy Endings

1668

(18)

August Wilson, Fences

1686

(50)

A Context for Fences

1736

(3)

August Wilson, Talking about Fences

1736

(3)

PART V Critical Perspectives

1739

(86)

Critical Approaches: The Nature of Criticism

1741

(84)

Formalist (or New) Criticism

1742

(2)

Deconstruction

1744

(1)

Reader-Response Criticism

1745

(3)

Archetypal (or Myth) Criticism

1748

(1)

Historical Scholarship

1749

(3)

Marxist Criticism

1750

(1)

The New Historicism

1750

(1)

Biographical Criticism

1751

(1)

Psychological (or Psychoanalytic) Criticism

1752

(1)

Gender (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay) Criticism

1753

(7)

Suggestions for Further Reading

1760

(4)

APPENDIXES

A Remarks about Manuscript Form

1764

(5)

Basic Manuscript Form

1764

(1)

Corrections in the Final Copy

1765

(1)

Quotations and Quotation Marks

1766

(1)

Quotation Marks or Underlining?

1767

(1)

A Note on the Possessive

1768

(1)

B Writing a Research Paper

1769

(20)

What Research Is Not, and What Research Is

1769

(1)

Primary and Secondary Materials

1769

(1)

Locating Materials: First Steps

1770

(1)

Other Bibliographic Aids

1770

(2)

Taking Notes

1772

(1)

Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Word Processor

1772

(1)

A Guide to Note-Taking

1772

(2)

Drafting the Paper

1774

(1)

Keeping a Sense of Proportion

1775

(1)

Focus on Primary Sources

1776

(1)

Documentation

1776

(1)

What to Document: Avoiding Plagiarism

1776

(2)

How to Document: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format)

1778

(11)

C New Approaches to the Research Paper: Literature, History, and the World Wide Web

1789

(16)

Case Study on Literature and History: The Internment of Japanese-Americans

1790

(1)

Literary Texts

1790

(1)

Mitsuye Yamada, The Question of Loyalty

1790

(1)

David Mura, An Argument: On 1942

1791

(3)

Historical Sources

1794

(1)

Basic Reference Books (Short Paper)

1794

(2)

Getting Deeper (Medium Paper)

1796

(1)

A Review of Researching a Literary-Historical Paper

1797

(2)

Other Reference Sources (Long Paper)

1799

(1)

Too Much Information?

1799

(1)

Electronic Sources

1800

(1)

Encyclopedias: Print and Electronic Versions

1800

(1)

The Internet/World Wide Web

1800

(1)

Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web

1800

(1)

A Review for Using the World Wide Web

1801

(1)

Documentation: Citing a WWW Source

1801

(1)

Citing World Wide Web Sources

1801

(4)

D Literary Research: Print and Electronic Sources

1805

(5)

The Basics

1805

(1)

Moving Ahead: Finding Sources for Research Work

1805

(1)

Literature---Print Reference Sources

1806

(1)

Bibliographies

1807

(1)

History---Reference and Bibliography Sources

1808

(1)

What Does Your Own Institution Offer?

1808

(2)

E Writing Essay Examinations

1810

(4)

Why Do Instructors Give Examinations?

1810

(1)

Getting Ready

1810

(1)

Writing Essay Answers

1811

(3)

F Glossary of Literary Terms

1814

(11)

Credits

1825

(12)

Index of Terms

1837

(4)

Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems

1841

Introduction to Literature : Fiction, Poetry, and Drama

9780321356017

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