Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers

by Shackelford, James F.

• ISBN13: 9780130112873
• ISBN10: 0130112879
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For a first course in Materials Sciences and Engineering taught in the departments of materials science, mechanical, civil and general engineering. This text provides balanced, current treatment of the full spectrum of engineering materials, covering all the physical properties, applications and relevant properties associated with engineering materials. It explores all of major categories of materials while also offering detailed examinations of a wide range of new materials with high-tech applications.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Materials for Engineering	1	(19)
The Material World	2	(1)
Materials Science and Engineering	3	(1)
Types of Materials	3	(10)
Metals	3	(2)
Ceramics and Glasses	5	(3)
Polymers	8	(2)
Composites	10	(1)
Semiconductors	11	(2)
From Structure to Properties	13	(3)
Processing Materials	16	(1)
Selection of Materials	17	(3)
PART ONE THE FUNDAMENTALS
Atomic Bonding	20	(39)
Atomic Structure	21	(5)
The Ionic Bond	26	(13)
Coordination Number	31	(8)
The Covalent Bond	39	(6)
The Metallic Bond	45	(3)
The Secondary, or van der Waals, Bond	48	(3)
Materials---The Bonding Classification	51	(8)
Crystalline Structure---Perfection	59	(56)
Seven Systems and Fourteen Lattices	60	(4)
Metal Structures	64	(5)
Ceramic Structures	69	(10)
Polymeric Structures	79	(2)
Semiconductor Structures	81	(6)
Lattice Positions, Directions, and Planes	87	(14)
X-Ray Diffraction	101	(14)
Crystal Defects and Noncrystalline Structure---Imperfection	115	(42)
The Solid Solution---Chemical Imperfection	116	(6)
Point Defects---Zero-Dimensional Imperfections	122	(2)
Linear Defects, or Dislocations---One-Dimensional Imperfections	124	(4)
Planar Defects---Two-Dimensional Imperfections	128	(8)
Noncrystalline Solids---Three-Dimensional Imperfections	136	(3)
Quasicrystals	139	(6)
Microscopy	145	(12)
Diffusion	157	(28)
Thermally Activated Processes	158	(4)
Thermal Production of Point Defects	162	(2)
Point Defects and Solid-State Diffusion	164	(12)
Steady-State Diffusion	176	(2)
Alternate Diffusion Paths	178	(7)
Mechanical Behavior	185	(66)
Stress Versus Strain	186	(24)
Metals	186	(15)
Ceramics and Glasses	201	(4)
Polymers	205	(5)
Elastic Deformation	210	(2)
Plastic Deformation	212	(7)
Hardness	219	(3)
Creep and Stress Relaxation	222	(9)
Viscoelastic Deformation	231	(20)
Inorganic Glasses	232	(3)
Organic Polymers	235	(3)
Elastomers	238	(13)
Thermal Behavior	251	(18)
Heat Capacity	252	(3)
Thermal Expansion	255	(3)
Thermal Conductivity	258	(4)
Thermal Shock	262	(7)
Failure Analysis and Prevention	269	(35)
Impact Energy	270	(6)
Fracture Toughness	276	(4)
Fatigue	280	(9)
Nondestructive Testing	289	(6)
X-radiography	290	(1)
Ultrasonic Testing	291	(2)
Other Nondestructive Tests	293	(2)
Failure Analysis and Prevention	295	(9)
Phase Diagrams---Equilibrium Microstructural Development	304	(50)
The Phase Rule	305	(4)
The Phase Diagram	309	(22)
Complete Solid Solution	310	(4)
Eutectic Diagram with No Solid Solution	314	(1)
Eutectic Diagram with Limited Solid Solution	315	(3)
Eutectoid Diagram	318	(4)
Peritectic Diagram	322	(2)
General Binary Diagrams	324	(7)
The Lever Rule	331	(4)
Microstructural Development During Slow Cooling	335	(19)
Kinetics---Heat Treatment	354	(46)
Time---The Third Dimension	355	(5)
The TTT Diagram	360	(16)
Diffusional Transformations	361	(3)
Diffusionless (Martensitic) Transformations	364	(5)
Heat Treatment of Steel	369	(7)
Hardenability	376	(4)
Precipitation Hardening	380	(3)
Annealing	383	(6)
Cold Work	383	(2)
Recovery	385	(1)
Recrystallization	386	(2)
Grain Growth	388	(1)
The Kinetics of Phase Transformations for Nonmetals	389	(11)
PART TWO THE STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Metals	400	(34)
Ferrous Alloys	401	(13)
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels	402	(1)
High-Alloy Steels	402	(6)
Cast Irons	408	(4)
Rapidly Solidified Ferrous Alloys	412	(2)
Nonferrous Alloys	414	(5)
Aluminum Alloys	414	(1)
Magnesium Alloys	415	(1)
Titanium Alloys	415	(1)
Copper Alloys	416	(1)
Nickel Alloys	417	(1)
Zinc, Lead, and Other Alloys	418	(1)
Processing of Metals	419	(15)
Ceramics and Glasses	434	(24)
Ceramics---Crystalline Materials	435	(6)
Glasses---Noncrystalline Materials	441	(3)
Glass-Ceramics	444	(2)
Processing of Ceramics and Glasses	446	(12)
Polymers	458	(39)
Polymerization	459	(10)
Structural Features of Polymers	469	(5)
Thermoplastic Polymers	474	(7)
Thermosetting Polymers	481	(5)
Additives	486	(2)
Processing of Polymers	488	(9)
Composites	497	(49)
Fiber-Reinforced Composites	499	(11)
Conventional Fiberglass	499	(1)
Advanced Composites	500	(4)
Wood---A Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composite	504	(6)
Aggregate Composites	510	(7)
Property Averaging	517	(12)
Loading Parallel to Reinforcing Fibers---Isostrain	517	(4)
Loading Perpendicular to Reinforcing Fibers---Isostress	521	(3)
Loading a Uniformly Dispersed Aggregate Composite	524	(3)
Interfacial Strength	527	(2)
Mechanical Properties of Composites	529	(7)
Processing of Composites	536	(10)
PART THREE THE ELECTRONIC, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Electrical Behavior	546	(44)
Charge Carriers and Conduction	547	(5)
Energy Levels and Energy Bands	552	(7)
Conductors	559	(13)
Thermocouples	562	(1)
Superconductors	563	(9)
Insulators	572	(8)
Ferroelectrics	573	(4)
Piezoelectrics	577	(3)
Semiconductors	580	(3)
Composites	583	(1)
Electrical Classification of Materials	584	(6)
Optical Behavior	590	(29)
Visible Light	591	(3)
Optical Properties	594	(12)
Refractive Index	594	(2)
Reflectance	596	(2)
Transparency, Translucency, and Opacity	598	(1)
Color	599	(2)
Luminescence	601	(1)
Reflectivity and Opacity of Metals	602	(4)
Optical Systems and Devices	606	(13)
Lasers	606	(3)
Optical Fibers	609	(3)
Liquid Crystal Displays	612	(1)
Photoconductors	612	(7)
Semiconductor Materials	619	(51)
Intrinsic, Elemental Semiconductors	620	(6)
Extrinsic, Elemental Semiconductors	626	(16)
n-Type Semiconductors	627	(3)
p-Type Semiconductors	630	(12)
Compound Semiconductors	642	(3)
Amorphous Semiconductors	645	(2)
Processing of Semiconductors	647	(6)
Semiconductor Devices	653	(17)
Magnetic Materials	670	(33)
Magnetism	671	(5)
Ferromagnetism	676	(7)
Ferrimagnetism	683	(2)
Metallic Magnets	685	(7)
Soft Magnets	686	(3)
Hard Magnets	689	(1)
Superconducting Magnets	689	(3)
Ceramic Magnets	692	(11)
Low-Conductivity Magnets	692	(3)
Superconducting Magnets	695	(8)
PART FOUR MATERIALS IN ENGINEERING DESIGN
Environmental Degradation	703	(45)
Oxidation-Direct Atmospheric Attack	705	(6)
Aqueous Corrosion-Electrochemical Attack	711	(2)
Galvanic Two-Metal Corrosion	713	(4)
Corrosion by Gaseous Reduction	717	(6)
Effect of Mechanical Stress on Corrosion	723	(1)
Methods of Corrosion Prevention	724	(3)
Polarization Curves	727	(3)
Chemical Degradation of Ceramics and Polymers	730	(1)
Radiation Damage	731	(3)
Wear	734	(4)
Surface Analysis	738	(10)
Materials Selection	748	(45)
Material Properties-Engineering Design Parameters	749	(4)
Selection of Structural Materials-Case Studies	753	(17)
Materials for Windsurfer Masts	754	(3)
Metal Substitution with a Polymer	757	(2)
Metal Substitution with Composites	759	(1)
Honeycomb Structure	759	(2)
Ceramic Tile for the Space Shuttle	761	(4)
Materials for Hip Joint Replacement	765	(5)
Selection of Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials---Case Studies	770	(12)
Amorphous Metal for Electric-Power Distribution	770	(5)
Replacement of a Thermosetting Polymer with a Thermoplastic	775	(1)
Metal Alloy Solder for Flip-Chip Technology	776	(1)
Light-Emitting Diode	777	(2)
Piezoelectric Actuator as a Smart Material	779	(1)
Polymer as an Electrical Conductor	780	(2)
Materials and Our Environment	782	(11)
Environmental Aspects of Design	782	(4)
Recycling	786	(7)
Appendix One	793	(3)
Appendix Two	796	(3)
Appendix Three	799	(1)
Appendix Four	800	(9)
Appendix Five	809	(5)
Appendix Six	814	(1)
Appendix Seven	815	(34)
Answers to Practice Problems (PP) and ODD-Numbered Problems	849	(10)
Index	859