Introduction to Poetry, An

by Kennedy, X. J.; Gioia, Dana

• ISBN13: 9780321470348
• ISBN10: 0321470346
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

While embracing the canon,An Introduction to Poetry, Twelth Editionincludes an impressive collection of contemporary poems for a culturally diverse representation of authorship and a richness in range of style.Writer's Perspectives sections give commentary on the craft of writing and revising from authors, which provide insight and a more human perspective on literature and the writing process. Writing Critically sections expand overage of composition with accessible and pragmatic suggestions on writing. Critical Approaches to Literature section provides three essays on every major school of criticism with sections on gender criticism and cultural studies. Terms and an expanded chapter on translations. Casebooks on Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes present both poets in depth.For anyone interested in poetry.

Table of Contents

1 Reading a Poem	3	(15)
William Butler Yeats
THE LAKE ISLE OF INNISFREE	5	(2)
Lyric Poetry	7	(2)
D.H. Lawrence
PIANO	8	(1)
Adrienne Rich
AUNT JENNIFER'S TIGERS	8	(1)
Narrative Poetry	9	(3)
Anonymous
SIR PATRICK SPENCE	9	(2)
Robert Frost
"OUT, OUT—"	11	(1)
Dramatic Poetry	12	(3)
Robert Browning
MY LAST DUCHESS	12	(3)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Adrienne Rich
RECALLING "AUNT JENNIFER'S TIGERS"	15	(1)
WRITING A PARAPHRASE
Can a Poem Be Paraphrased?	15	(1)
William Stafford
ASK ME	16	(1)
William Stafford
A PARAPHRASE OF "ASK ME"	16	(1)
CHECKLIST
Paraphrasing a Poem	17	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PARAPHRASING	17	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	17	(1)
2 Listening to a Voice	18	(32)
Tone	18	(6)
Theodore Roethke
MY PAPA'S WALTZ	18	(1)
Countee Cullen
FOR A LADY I KNOW	19	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
THE AUTHOR TO HER BOOK	20	(1)
Walt Whitman
TO A LOCOMOTIVE IN WINTER	21	(1)
Emily Dickinson
I LIKE TO SEE IT LAP THE MILES	22	(1)
Benjamin Alire Sáenz
TO THE DESERT	23	(1)
Weldon Kees
FOR MY DAUGHTER	23	(1)
The Person in the Poem	24	(8)
Natasha Trethewey
WHITE LIES	24	(2)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
LUKE HAVERGAL	26	(1)
Ted Hughes
HAWK ROOSTING	27	(1)
Suji Kwock Kim
MONOLOGUE FOR AN ONION	28	(1)
William Wordsworth
I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD	29	(1)
Dorothy Wordsworth
JOURNAL ENTRY	30	(1)
James Stephens
A GLASS OF BEER	30	(1)
Anne Sexton
HER KIND	31	(1)
William Carlos Williams
THE RED WHEELBARROW	32	(1)
Irony	32	(7)
Robert Creeley
OH NO	32	(2)
W.H. Auden
THE UNKNOWN CITIZEN	34	(1)
Sharon Olds
RITES OF PASSAGE	35	(1)
John Betjeman
IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY	36	(1)
Sarah N. Cleghorn
THE GOLF LINKS	37	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
SECOND FIG	37	(1)
Joseph Stroud
MISSING	38	(1)
Thomas Hardy
THE WORKBOX	38	(1)
For Review and Further Study
William Blake
THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER	39	(1)
David Lehman
REJECTION SLIP	40	(1)
William Stafford
AT THE UN-NATIONAL MONUMENT ALONG THE CANADIAN BORDER	41	(1)
H.L. Hix
I LOVE THE WORLD, AS DOES ANY DANCER	41	(1)
Richard Lovelace
TO LUCASTA	42	(1)
Wilfred Owen
DULCE ET DECORUM EST	42	(2)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Wilfred Owen
WAR POETRY	44	(1)
WRITING ABOUT VOICE
Listening to Tone	44	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Tone	45	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON TONE	45	(4)
Student Paper
WORD CHOICE, TONE, AND POINT OF VIEW IN ROETHKE'S "MY PAPA'S WALTZ"	46	(3)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	49	(1)
3 Words	50	(25)
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First	50	(4)
William Carlos Williams
THIS IS JUST TO SAY	51	(1)
Marianne Moore
SILENCE	52	(1)
Robert Graves
DOWN, WANTON, DOWN!	53	(1)
John Donne
BATTER MY HEART, THREE-PERSONED GOD, FOR YOU	53	(1)
The Value of a Dictionary	54	(4)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
AFTERMATH	55	(1)
John Clare
MOUSE'S NEST	56	(1)
J.V. Cunningham
FRIEND, ON THIS SCAFFOLD THOMAS MORE LIES DEAD	57	(1)
Kelly Cherry
ADVICE TO A FRIEND WHO PAINTS	58	(1)
Carl Sandburg
GRASS	58	(1)
Word Choice and Word Order	58	(8)
Robert Herrick
UPON JULIA'S CLOTHES	60	(2)
Kay Ryan
BLANDEUR	62	(1)
Thomas Hardy
THE RUINED MAID	63	(1)
Richard Eberhart
THE FURY OF AERIAL BOMBARDMENT	64	(1)
Wendy Cope
LONELY HEARTS	65	(1)
For Review and Further Study
E.E. Cummings
ANYONE LIVED IN A PRETTY HOW TOWN	66	(1)
Billy Collins
THE NAMES	67	(1)
Anonymous
CARNATION MILK	68	(1)
Kenneth Rexroth
VITAMINS AND ROUGHAGE	69	(1)
Gina Valdés
ENGLISH CON SALSA	69	(1)
Lewis Carroll
JABBERWOCKY	70	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Lewis Carroll
HUMPTY DUMPTY EXPLICATES "JABBERWOCKY"	71	(1)
WRITING ABOUT DICTION
Every Word Counts	72	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Word Choice	73	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON WORD CHOICE	73	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	74	(1)
4 Saying and Suggesting	75	(12)
John Masefield
CARGOES	76	(1)
William Blake
LONDON	77	(2)
Wallace Stevens
DISILLUSIONMENT OF TEN O'CLOCK	79	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
SOUTHEAST CORNER	79	(1)
Timothy Steele
EPITAPH	80	(1)
E.E. Cummings
NEXT TO OF COURSE GOD AMERICA I	80	(1)
Robert Frost
FIRE AND ICE	81	(1)
Clare Rossini
FINAL LOVE NOTE	81	(1)
Jennifer Reeser
WINTER-PROOF	82	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
TEARS, IDLE TEARS	82	(1)
Richard Wilbur
LOVE CALLS US TO THE THINGS OF THIS WORLD	83	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Richard Wilbur
CONCERNING "LOVE CALLS US TO THE THINGS OF THIS WORLD"	84	(1)
WRITING ABOUT DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
The Ways a Poem Suggests	85	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing What a Poem Says and Suggests	86	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION	86	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	86	(1)
5 Imagery	87	(23)
Ezra Pound
IN A STATION OF THE METRO	87	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
THE PIERCING CHILLI FEEL	87	(2)
T.S. Eliot
THE WINTER EVENING SETTLES DOWN	89	(1)
Theodore Roethke
ROOT CELLAR	89	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
THE FISH	90	(2)
Anne Stevenson
THE VICTORY	92	(1)
Charles Simic
FORK	92	(1)
Emily Dickinson
A ROUTE OF EVANESCENCE	93	(1)
Jean Toomer
REAPERS	93	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
PIED BEAUTY	94	(1)
About Haiku	94	(2)
Arakida Moritake
THE FALLING FLOWER	94	(1)
Matsuo Basho
HEAT-LIGHTNING STREAK	95	(1)
Matsuo Basho
IN THE OLD STONE POOL	95	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
ON THE ONE-TON TEMPLE BELL	95	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
I GO	95	(1)
Kobayashi Issa
ONLY ONE GUY	96	(1)
Kobayashi Issa
CRICKET	96	(1)
Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps	96	(1)
Suiko Matsushita
RAIN SHOWER FROM MOUNTAIN	96	(1)
Neiji Ozawa
WAR FORCED US FROM CALIFORNIA	96	(1)
Hakuro Wada
EVEN THE CROAKING OF FROGS	96	(1)
Contemporary Haiku	97	(1)
Etheridge Knight, Lee Gurga, Penny Harter, Jennifer Brutschy, John Ridland, Connie Bensley, Adelle Foley, Garry Gay	97	(1)
For Review and Further Study
John Keats
BRIGHT STAR! WOULD I WERE STEADFAST AS THOU ART	98	(1)
Walt Whitman
THE RUNNER	98	(1)
T.E. Hulme
IMAGE	98	(1)
William Carlos Williams
EL HOMBRE	99	(1)
Chana Bloch
TIRED SEX	99	(1)
Robert Bly
DRIVING TO TOWN LATE TO MAIL A LETTER	99	(1)
Rita Dove
SILOS	99	(1)
Louise Gluck
MOCK ORANGE	100	(1)
Billy Collins
EMBRACE	100	(1)
John Haines
WINTER NEWS	101	(1)
Stevie Smith
NOT WAVING BUT DROWNING	101	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Ezra Pound
THE IMAGE	102	(1)
WRITING ABOUT IMAGERY
Analyzing Images	102	(2)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Imagery	104	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON IMAGERY	104	(5)
Student Paper
ELIZABETH BISHOP'S USE OF IMAGERY IN "THE FISH"	104	(5)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	109	(1)
6 Figures of Speech	110	(21)
Why Speak Figuratively?	110	(2)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
THE EAGLE	111	(1)
William Shakespeare
SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER'S DAY?	111	(1)
Howard Moss
SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER'S DAY?	112	(1)
Metaphor and Simile	112	(7)
Emily Dickinson
MY LIFE HAD STOOD - A LOADED GUN	114	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
FLOWER IN THE CRANNIED WALL	115	(1)
William Blake
TO SEE A WORLD IN A GRAIN OF SAND	115	(1)
Sylvia Plath
METAPHORS	115	(1)
N. Scott Momaday
SIMILE	116	(1)
Emily Dickinson
IT DROPPED SO LOW - IN MY REGARD	116	(1)
Craig Raine
A MARTIAN SENDS A POSTCARD HOME	117	(2)
Other Figures of Speech	119	(5)
James Stephens
THE WIND	119	(3)
Margaret Atwood
YOU FIT INTO ME	122	(1)
John Ashbery
THE CATHEDRAL IS	122	(1)
George Herbert
THE PULLEY	122	(1)
Dana Gioia
MONEY	123	(1)
Charles Simic
MY SHOES	123	(1)
For Review and Further Study
Robert Frost
THE SILKEN TENT	124	(1)
April Lindner
LOW TIDE	125	(1)
Jane Kenyon
THE SUITOR	125	(1)
Robert Frost
THE SECRET SITS	126	(1)
A.R. Ammons
COWARD	126	(1)
Kay Ryan
TURTLE	126	(1)
Heather McHugh
LANGUAGE LESSON, 1976	126	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
HANDS	127	(1)
Robert Burns
OH, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED, RED ROSE	128	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Robert Frost
THE IMPORTANCE OF POETIC METAPHOR	128	(1)
WRITING ABOUT METAPHORS
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning	129	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Metaphor	129	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON FIGURES OF SPEECH	130	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	130	(1)
7 Song	131	(21)
Singing and Saying	131	(6)
Ben Jonson
TO CELIA	132	(1)
Anonymous
THE CRUEL MOTHER	133	(1)
William Shakespeare
O MISTRESS MINE	134	(2)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
RICHARD CORY	136	(1)
Paul Simon
RICHARD CORY	136	(1)
Ballads	137	(4)
Anonymous
BONNY BARBARA ALLAN	137	(3)
Dudley Randall
BALLAD OF BIRMINGHAM	140	(1)
Blues	141	(2)
Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams
JAILHOUSE BLUES	142	(1)
W.H. Auden
FUNERAL BLUES	143	(1)
Rap	143	(2)
Run D.M.C.
FROM PETER PIPER	144	(1)
For Review and Further Study
John Lennon and Paul McCartney
ELEANOR RIGBY	145	(1)
Bob Dylan
THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN'	146	(2)
Aimee Mann
DEATHLY	148	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Paul McCartney
CREATING "ELEANOR RIGBY"	149	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SONG LYRICS
Poetry's Close Kinship with Song	150	(1)
CHECKLIST
Looking at Lyrics as Poetry	150	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SONG LYRICS	151	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	151	(1)
8 Sound	152	(21)
Sound as Meaning	152	(4)
Alexander Pope
TRUE EASE IN WRITING COMES FROM ART, NOT CHANCE	153	(2)
William Butler Yeats
WHO GOES WITH FERGUS?	155	(1)
John Updike
RECITAL	155	(1)
William Wordsworth
A SLUMBER DID MY SPIRIT SEAL	156	(1)
Emanuel di Pasquale
RAIN	156	(1)
Aphra Behn
WHEN MAIDENS ARE YOUNG	156	(1)
Alliteration and Assonance	156	(3)
A.E. Housman
EIGHT O'CLOCK	158	(1)
James Joyce
ALL DAY I HEAR	158	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
THE SPLENDOR FALLS ON CASTLE WALLS	159	(1)
Rime	159	(8)
William Cole
ON MY BOAT ON LAKE CAYUGA	160	(2)
James Reeves
ROUGH WEATHER	162	(1)
Hilaire Belloc
THE HIPPOPOTAMUS	163	(1)
Ogden Nash
THE PANTHER	163	(1)
William Butler Yeats
LEDA AND THE SWAN	164	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
GOD'S GRANDEUR	164	(1)
Fred Chappell
NARCISSUS AND ECHO	165	(1)
Robert Frost
DESERT PLACES	166	(1)
Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud	167	(3)
Michael Stillman
IN MEMORIAM JOHN COLTRANE	168	(1)
William Shakespeare
FULL FATHOM FIVE THY FATHER LIES	169	(1)
Chryss Yost
LAI WITH SOUNDS OF SKIN	169	(1)
T.S. Eliot
VIRGINIA	169	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
T.S. Eliot
THE MUSIC OF POETRY	170	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SOUND
Listening to the Music	171	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About a Poem's Sound	171	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SOUND	172	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	172	(1)
9 Rhythm	173	(21)
Stresses and Pauses	173	(7)
Gwendolyn Brooks
WE REAL COOL	177	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
BREAK, BREAK, BREAK	178	(1)
Ben Jonson
SLOW, SLOW, FRESH FOUNT, KEEP TIME WITH MY SALT TEARS	178	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
WITH SERVING STILL	179	(1)
Dorothy Parker
RÉSUMÉ	180	(1)
Meter	180	(11)
Max Beerbohm
ON THE IMPRINT OF THE FIRST ENGLISH EDITION OF THE WORKS OF MAX BEERBOHM	180	(6)
Thomas Campion
ROSE-CHEEKED LAURA, COME	186	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
COUNTING-OUT RHYME	187	(1)
Jacqueline Osherow
SONG FOR THE MUSIC IN THE WARSAW GHETTO	188	(1)
A.E. Housman
WHEN I WAS ONE-AND-TWENTY	188	(1)
William Carlos Williams
SMELL!	189	(1)
Walt Whitman
BEAT! BEAT! DRUMS!	189	(1)
David Mason
SONG OF THE POWERS	190	(1)
Langston Hughes
DREAM BOOGIE	190	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Gwendolyn Brooks
HEARING "WE REAL COOL"	191	(1)
WRITING ABOUT RHYTHM
Freeze-Framing the Sound	192	(1)
CHECKLIST
Scanning a Poem	192	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON RHYTHM	193	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	193	(1)
10 Closed Form	194	(1)
Formal Patterns	195	(5)
John Keats
THIS LIVING HAND, NOW WARM AND CAPABLE	195	(2)
Robert Graves
COUNTING THE BEATS	197	(1)
John Donne
SONG ("GO AND CATCH A FALLING STAR")	198	(2)
Mills Levin
BRIEF BIO	200	(1)
The Sonnet	200	(6)
William Shakespeare
LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS	201	(1)
Michael Drayton
SINCE THERE'S NO HELP, COME LET US KISS AND PART	202	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
WHAT LIPS MY LIPS HAVE KISSED, AND WHERE, AND WHY	202	(1)
Robert Frost
ACQUAINTED WITH THE NIGHT	203	(1)
Kim Addonizio
FIRST POEM FOR YOU	204	(1)
Mark Jarman
UNHOLY SONNET: HANDS FOLDED	204	(1)
Timothy Steele
SUMMER	205	(1)
A.E. Stallings
SINE QUA NON	205	(1)
R.S. Gwynn
SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET	206	(1)
The Epigram	206	(4)
Alexander Pope, Sir John Harrington, Robert Herrick, William Blake, E.E. Cummings, Langston Hughes, J.V. Cunningham, John Frederick Nims, Stevie Smith, Brad Leithauser, Dick Davis, Anonymous, Hilaire Belloc, Wendy Cope
A SELECTION OF EPIGRAMS	207	(2)
W.H. Auden, Edmund Clerihew Bentley, Cornelius J. Ter Maat
CLERIHEWS	209	(1)
Other Forms	210	(4)
Robert Pinsky
ABC	210	(1)
Dylan Thomas
DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT	211	(1)
Robert Bridges
TRIOLET	211	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
SESTINA	212	(2)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
A.E. Stallings
ON FORM AND ARTIFICE	214	(1)
WRITING ABOUT FORM
Turning Points	215	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About a Sonnet	215	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON A SONNET	216	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	216	(1)
11 Open Form	217	(1)
Denise Levertov
ANCIENT STAIRWAY	217	(4)
E.E. Cummings
BUFFALO BILL'S	221	(1)
W.S. Mervvin
FOR THE ANNIVERSARY OF MY DEATH	221	(1)
William Carlos Williams
THE DANCE	222	(1)
Stephen Crane
THE HEART	223	(1)
Walt Whitman
CAVALRY CROSSING A FORD	223	(1)
Ezra Pound
SALUTATION	224	(1)
Wallace Stevens
THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT A BLACKBIRD	224	(2)
Prose Poetry	226	(2)
Carolyn Forche
THE COLONEL	227	(1)
Charles Simic
THE MAGIC STUDY OF HAPPINESS	227	(1)
Visual Poetry	228	(4)
George Herbert
EASTER WINGS	228	(1)
John Hollander
SWAN AND SHADOW	229	(1)
Terry Ehret
FROM PAPYRUS	230	(1)
Dorthi Charles
CONCRETE CAT	231	(1)
Found Poetry	232	(1)
Ronald Gross
YIELD	232	(1)
Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse	233	(2)
E.E. Cummings
IN JUST	233	(1)
Carole Satyamurti
I SHALL PAINT MY NAILS RED	234	(1)
Alice Fulton
FAILURE	234	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Walt Whitman
THE POETRY OF THE FUTURE	235	(1)
WRITING ABOUT FREE VERSE
Lining Up for Free Verse	236	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Line Breaks in Free Verse	237	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON OPEN FORM	237	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	237	(1)
12 Symbol	238	(1)
T.S. Eliot
THE BOSTON EVENING TRANSCRIPT	239	(1)
Emily Dickinson
THE LIGHTNING IS A YELLOW FORK	240	(1)
Thomas Hardy
NEUTRAL TONES	241	(1)
Matthew 13:24-30
THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SEED	242	(1)
George Herbert
THE WORLD	243	(1)
Edwin Markham
OUTWITTED	244	(1)
John Ciardi
A BOX COMES HOME	244	(1)
Robert Frost
THE ROAD NOT TAKEN	245	(1)
Christina Rossetti
UPHILL	246	(1)
Christian Wiman
POŠTOLKA	246	(1)
For Review and Further Study
William Carlos Williams
THE TERM	247	(1)
Ted Kooser
CARRIE	248	(1)
Jane Hirshfield
TREE	248	(1)
Jon Staliworthy
AN EVENING WALK	249	(1)
Lorine Niedecker
POPCORN-CAN COVER	249	(1)
Wallace Stevens
ANECDOTE OF THE JAR	250	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
William Butler Yeats
POETIC SYMBOLS	250	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SYMBOLS
Reading a Symbol	251	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing a Symbol	252	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SYMBOLISM	252	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	252	(1)
13 Myth and Narrative	253	(2)
Robert Frost
NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY	255	(1)
D.H. Lawrence
BAVARIAN GENTIANS	255	(1)
William Wordsworth
THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US	256	(1)
H.D.
HELEN	257	(1)
Archetype	257	(4)
Louise Bogan
MEDUSA	258	(1)
John Keats
LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI	259	(2)
Personal Myth	261	(3)
William Butler Yeats
THE SECOND COMING	261	(1)
Gregory Orr
TWO LINES FROM THE BROTHERS GRIMM	262	(1)
Diane Thiel
MEMENTO MORI IN MIDDLE SCHOOL	262	(2)
Myth and Popular Culture	264	(6)
Charles Martin
TAKEN UP	265	(1)
Andrea Hollander Budy
SNOW WHITE	266	(1)
Anne Sexton
CINDERELLA	267	(3)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Anne Sexton
TRANSFORMING FAIRY TALES	270	(1)
WRITING ABOUT MYTH
Demystifying Myth	271	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Myth	271	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON MYTH	272	(4)
Student Paper
THE BONDS BETWEEN LOVE AND HATRED IN H.D.'S "HELEN"	272	(4)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	276	(1)
14 Poetry and Personal Identity	277	(1)
Sylvia Plath
LADY LAZARUS	278	(3)
Rhina Espaillat
BILINGUAL/BILINGUE	281	(1)
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity	282	(5)
Claude McKay
AMERICA	282	(1)
Samuel Menashe
THE SHRINE WHOSE SHAPE I AM	283	(1)
Francisco X. Alarcón
THE X IN MY NAME	284	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
QUINCEANERA	284	(1)
Amy Uyematsu
DELIBERATE	285	(1)
Yusef Komunyakaa
FACING IT	286	(1)
Gender	287	(3)
Anne Stevenson
SOUS-ENTENDU	287	(1)
Emily Grosholz
LISTENING	288	(1)
Donald Justice
MEN AT FORTY	289	(1)
Adrienne Rich
WOMEN	289	(1)
For Review and Further Study
Shirley Geok-lin Lim
LEARNING TO LOVE AMERICA	290	(1)
Andrew Hudgins
ELEGY FOR MY FATHER, WHO IS NOT DEAD	290	(1)
Alastair Reid
SPEAKING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE	291	(1)
Philip Larkin
AUBADE	292	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Rhina Espaillat
BEING A BILINGUAL WRITER	293	(2)
WRITING ABOUT THE POETRY OF PERSONAL IDENTITY
Poetic Voice and Personal Identity	295	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About Voice and Personal Identity	295	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PERSONAL IDENTITY	296	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	296	(1)
15 Translation	297	(1)
Is Poetic Translation Possible?	297	(1)
World Poetry	297	(3)
Li Po
DRINKING ALONE BENEATH THE MOON (Chinese text)	298	(1)
Li Po
MOON-BENEATH ALONE DRINK (literal translation)	299	(1)
Translated by Arthur Waley
DRINKING ALONE BY MOONLIGHT	299	(1)
Comparing Translations	300	(4)
Horace
CARPE DIEM ODE (Latin text)	300	(1)
Horace
SEIZE THE DAY (literal translation)	300	(2)
Translated by Edwin Arlington Robinson
HORACE TO LEUCONOE	301	(1)
Translated by James Michie
DON'T ASK	301	(1)
Translated by A.E. Stallings
A NEW YEAR'S TOAST	302	(1)
Omar Khayyam
RUBAI (Persian text)	302	(1)
Omar Khayyam
RUBAI (literal translation)	302	(3)
Translated by Edward FitzGerald
A BOOK OF VERSES UNDERNEATH THE BOUGH	303	(1)
Translated by Robert Graves and Omar Ali-Shah
OUR DAY'S PORTION	303	(1)
Translated by Dick Davis
I NEED A BARE SUFFICIENCY	303	(1)
Parody	304	(5)
Anonymous
WE FOUR LADS FROM LIVERPOOL ARE	305	(1)
Wendy Cope
FROM STRUGNELL'S RUBAIYAT	305	(1)
Hugh Kingsmill
WHAT, STILL ALIVE AT TWENTY-TWO?	306	(1)
Bruce Bennett
THE LADY SPEAKS AGAIN	306	(1)
Gene Fehler
IF RICHARD LOVELACE BECAME A FREE AGENT	306	(1)
Aaron Abeyta
THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT A TORTILLA	307	(2)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Arthur Waley
THE METHOD OF TRANSLATION	309	(1)
WRITING A PARODY
Parody Is the Sincerest Form of Flattery	310	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing a Parody	310	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PARODY	311	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	311	(1)
16 Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America	312	(2)
Sor Juana
ASEGURA LA CONFIANZA D QUE OCULTURÁ DE TODO UN SECRETO	314	(1)
Translated by Diane Thiel
SHE PROMISES TO HOLD A SECRET IN CONFIDENCE	314	(1)
Sor Juana
PRESENTE EN QUE EL CARIÑO HACE REGALO LA LLANEZA	314	(1)
Translated by Diane Thiel
A SIMPLE GIFT MADE RICH BY AFFECTION	314	(1)
Pablo Neruda
MUCHOS SOMOS	315	(2)
Translated by Alastair Reid	315	(2)
Pablo Neruda
CIEN SONETOS DE AMOR	317	(1)
Translated by Stephen Tapscott
ONE HUNDRED LOVE SONNETS (V)	317	(1)
Jorge Luis Borges
AMOROSA ANTICIPACIÓN	318	(1)
Translated by Robert Fitzgerald
ANTICIPATION OF LOVE	319	(1)
Jorge Luis Borges
LOS ENIGMAS	319	(2)
Translated by John Updike
THE ENGIMAS	320	(1)
Octavio Paz
CON LOS OJOS CERRADOS	321	(1)
Translated by Eliot Weinberger
WITH EYES CLOSED	321	(1)
Octavio Paz
CERTEZA	321	(1)
Translated by Charles Tomlinson
CERTAINTY	321	(1)
Surrealism in Latin American Poetry	322	(3)
Frida Kahlo
THE TWO FRIDAS	323	(1)
César Vallejo
LA COLERA QUE QUIEBRA AL HOMBRE EN NIÑOS	323	(2)
Translated by Thomas Merton
ANGER	324	(1)
Contemporary Mexican Poetry	325	(6)
José Emilio Pacheco
ALTA TRAICIÓN	325	(1)
Translated by Alastair Reid
HIGH TREASON	325	(1)
Francisco Hernández
BAJO CERO	325	(1)
Translated by Carolyn Forché
BELOW ZERO	326	(1)
Tedi López Mills
CONVALECENCIA	326	(1)
Translated by Tedi Lopez Mills
CONVALESCENCE	326	(1)
WRITERS ON WRITING
Octavio Paz
IN SEARCH OF THE PRESENT	327	(1)
WRITERS ON TRANSLATING
Alastair Reid
TRANSLATING NERUDA	327	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SPANISH POETRY	328	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	328	(1)
17 Recognizing Excellence	329	(2)
Anonymous
O MOON, WHEN I GAZE ON THY BEAUTIFUL FACE	331	(1)
Grace Treasone
LIFE	331	(1)
Emily Dickinson
A DYING TIGER - MOANED FOR DRINK	331	(3)
Rod McKuen
THOUGHTS ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT	334	(1)
William Stafford
TRAVELING THROUGH THE DARK	335	(1)
Wallace McRae
REINCARNATION	336	(1)
Recognizing Excellence	337	(14)
William Butler Yeats
SAILING TO BYZANTIUM	338	(2)
Arthur Guiterman
ON THE VANITY OF EARTHLY GREATNESS	340	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
OZYMANDIAS	340	(1)
Robert Hayden
THE WHIPPING	341	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
ONE ART	342	(1)
W.H. Auden
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939	343	(3)
Walt Whitman
O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!	346	(2)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
WE WEAR THE MASK	348	(1)
Emma Lazarus
THE NEW COLOSSUS	349	(1)
Edgar Allan Poe
ANNABEL LEE	350	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Edgar Allan Poe
A LONG POEM DOES NOT EXIST	351	(1)
WRITING AN EVALUATION
You Be the Judge	351	(1)
CHECKLIST
Evaluating a Poem	352	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON EVALUATING A POEM	352	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	352	(1)
18 What Is Poetry?	353	(1)
Archibald MacLeish
ARS POETICA	353	(1)
Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, J.V. Cunningham, Elizabeth Bishop, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, Robert Bly
SOME DEFINITIONS OF POETRY	354	(2)
Ha Jin
MISSED TIME	356	(1)
19 Two Critical Casebooks: Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes	357	(1)
Emily Dickinson	357	(7)
SUCCESS IS COUNTED SWEETEST	358	(1)
I TASTE A LIQUOR NEVER BREWED	358	(1)
WILD NIGHTS - WILD NIGHTS!	359	(1)
I FELT A FUNERAL, IN MY BRAIN	359	(1)
I'M NOBODY! WHO ARE YOU?	360	(1)
I DWELL IN POSSIBILITY	360	(1)
THE SOUL SELECTS HER OWN SOCIETY	360	(1)
SOME KEEP THE SABBATH GOING TO CHURCH	361	(1)
AFTER GREAT PAIN, A FORMAL FEELING COMES	361	(1)
THIS IS MY LETTER TO THE WORLD	361	(1)
I HEARD A FLY BUZZ - WHEN I DIED	362	(1)
I STARTED EARLY - TOOK MY DOG	362	(1)
BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH	363	(1)
THE BUSTLE IN A HOUSE	363	(1)
TELL ALL THE TRUTH BUT TELL IT SLANT	363	(1)
Emily Dickinson ON Emily Dickinson
RECOGNIZING POETRY	364	(1)
SELF-DESCRIPTION	365	(2)
Critics ON Emily Dickinson
Thomas Wentworth Higginson
MEETING EMILY DICKINSON	367	(1)
Thomas H. Johnson
THE DISCOVERY OF EMILY DICKINSON'S MANUSCRIPTS	368	(1)
Richard Wilbur
THE THREE PRIVATIONS OF EMILY DICKINSON	369	(1)
Cynthia Griffin Wolff
DICKINSON AND DEATH (A READING OF "BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH")	370	(2)
Judith Farr
A READING OF "MY LIFE HAD STOOD - A LOADED GUN"	372	(2)
Langston Hughes	374	(8)
THE NEGRO SPEAKS OF RIVERS	374	(1)
MOTHER TO SON	375	(1)
DREAM VARIATIONS	375	(1)
I, TOO	376	(1)
THE WEARY BLUES	376	(1)
SONG FOR A DARK GIRL	377	(1)
PRAYER	377	(1)
BALLAD OF THE LANDLORD	378	(1)
KU KLUX	378	(1)
END	379	(1)
THEME FOR ENGLISH B	379	(1)
SUBWAY RUSH HOUR	380	(1)
SLIVER	380	(1)
HARLEM [DREAM DEFERRED]	381	(1)
AS BEFITS A MAN	381	(1)
Langston Hughes ON Langston Hughes
THE NEGRO ARTIST AND THE RACIAL MOUNTAIN	382	(1)
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE	383	(2)
Critics ON Langston Hughes
Arnold Rampersad
HUGHES AS AN EXPERIMENTALIST	385	(1)
Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson
LANGSTON HUGHES AND HARLEM	386	(2)
Darryl Pinckney
BLACK IDENTITY IN LANGSTON HUGHES	388	(1)
Peter Townsend
LANGSTON HUGHES AND JAZZ	389	(2)
Onwuchekwa Jemie
A READING OF "DREAM DEFERRED"	391	(1)
TOPICS FOR WRITING ABOUT EMILY DICKINSON	392	(1)
TOPICS FOR WRITING ABOUT LANGSTON HUGHES	392	(1)
20 Critical Casebook: T.S. Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"	393	(2)
T.S. Eliot	393	(2)
THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK	395	(24)
Publishing "Prufrock"	399	(3)
The Reviewers on Prufrock	402	(3)
Unsigned
REVIEW FROM TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT	402	(1)
Unsigned
REVIEW FROM LITERARY WORLD	402	(1)
Unsigned
REVIEW FROM NEW STATESMAN	402	(1)
Conrad Aiken
FROM "DIVERS REALISTS," THE DIAL	403	(1)
Babette Deutsch
FROM "ANOTHER IMPRESSIONIST," THE NEW REPUBLIC	403	(1)
Marianne Moore
FROM "A NOTE ON T.S. ELIOT'S BOOK," POETRY	403	(1)
May Sinclair
FROM "PRUFROCK AND OTHER OBSERVATIONS: A CRITICISM," THE LITTLE REVIEW	404	(1)
T.S. Eliot ON Writing
POETRY AND EMOTION	405	(1)
THE OBJECTIVE CORRELATIVE	406	(1)
THE DIFFICULTY OF POETRY	406	(2)
Critics ON "Prufrock"
Denis Donoghue
ONE OF THE IRREFUTABLE POETS	408	(1)
Christopher Ricks
WHAT'S IN A NAME?	409	(1)
Philip R. Headings
THE PRONOUNS IN THE POEM. "ONE," "YOU: AND "I"	410	(1)
Maud Ellmann
WILL THERE BE TIME?	411	(1)
Burton Raffel
"INDETERMINACY" IN ELIOT'S POETRY	412	(1)
John Berryman
PRUFROCK'S DILEMMA	413	(3)
M.L. Rosenthal
ADOLESCENTS SINGING	416	(1)
TOPICS FOR WRITING	417	(1)
21 Poems for Further Reading	418	(1)
Anonymous
LORD RANDALL	419	(1)
Anonymous
THE THREE RAVENS	420	(1)
Anonymous
THE TWA CORBIES	421	(1)
Anonymous
LAST WORDS OF THE PROPHET	421	(1)
Matthew Arnold
DOVER BEACH	422	(1)
John Ashbery
AT NORTH FARM	423	(1)
Margaret Atwood
SIREN SONG	423	(2)
W.H. Auden
AS I WALKED OUT ONE EVENING	425	(2)
W.H. Auden
MUSEE DES BEAUX ARTS	427	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
FILLING STATION	428	(2)
William Blake
A THE TYGER	430	(1)
William Blake
THE SICK ROSE	431	(1)
Eavan Boland
ANOREXIC	432	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
THE MOTHER	433	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
THE PREACHER: RUMINATES BEHIND THE SERMON	434	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
HOW DO I LOVE THEE? LET ME COUNT THE WAYS	435	(1)
Robert Browning
A SOLILOQUY OF THE SPANISH CLOISTER	435	(2)
Geoffrey Chaucer
A MERCILESS BEAUTY	437	(1)
G.K. Chesterton
A THE DONKEY	438	(1)
Lucille Clifton
A HOMAGE TO MY HIPS	439	(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
A KUBLA KHAN	440	(1)
Billy Collins
A CARE AND FEEDING	441	(1)
Hart Crane
MY GRANDMOTHER'S LOVE LETTERS	442	(1)
E.E. Cummings
A SOMEWHERE I HAVE NEVER TRAVELLED, GLADLY BEYOND	443	(1)
Marisa de los Santos
A PERFECT DRESS	444	(1)
John Donne
DEATH BE NOT PROUD	445	(1)
John Donne
A THE FLEA	446	(1)
John Donne
A VALEDICTION: FORBIDDING MOURNING	446	(2)
John Dryden
TO THE MEMORY OF MR. OLDHAM	448	(1)
T.S. Eliot
A JOURNEY OF THE MAGI	448	(2)
Louise Erdrich
INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL: THE RUNAWAYS	450	(1)
B.H. Fairchild
A STARLIT NIGHT	451	(1)
Robert Frost
BIRCHES	451	(2)
Robert Frost
A MENDING WALL	453	(1)
Robert Frost
STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING	454	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
A SUPERMARKET IN CALIFORNIA	454	(1)
Thom Gunn
THE MAN WITH NIGHT SWEATS	455	(1)
Donald Hall
A NAMES OF HORSES	456	(1)
Thomas Hardy
THE CONVERGENCE OF THE TWAIN	457	(2)
Thomas Hardy
THE DARKLING THRUSH	459	(1)
Thomas Hardy
HAP	460	(1)
Robert Hayden
THOSE WINTER SUNDAYS	461	(1)
Seamus Heaney
DIGGING	462	(1)
Anthony Hecht
ADAM	463	(2)
George Herbert
LOVE	465	(1)
Robert Herrick
TO THE VIRGINS, TO MAKE MUCH OF TIME	466	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
SPRING AND FALL	466	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
A NO WORST, THERE IS NONE	467	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
THE WINDHOVER	467	(1)
A.E. Housman
LOVELIEST OF TREES, THE CHERRY NOW	468	(1)
A.E. Housman
TO AN ATHLETE DYING YOUNG	468	(1)
Randall Jarrell
THE DEATH OF THE BALL TURRET GUNNER	469	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
TO THE STONE-CUTTERS	470	(1)
Ben Jonson
ON MY FIRST SON	470	(1)
Donald Justice
ON THE DEATH OF FRIENDS IN CHILDHOOD	471	(1)
John Keats
ODE ON A GRECIAN URN	471	(2)
John Keats
A WHEN I HAVE FEARS THAT I MAY CEASE TO BE	473	(1)
John Keats
TO AUTUMN	474	(1)
Ted Kooser
ABANDONED FARMHOUSE	475	(1)
Philip Larkin
HOME IS SO SAD	476	(1)
Philip Larkin
POETRY OF DEPARTURES	477	(1)
Irving Layton
THE BULL CALF	478	(1)
Denise Levertov
THE ACHE OF MARRIAGE	479	(1)
Philip Levine
THEY FEED THEY LION	480	(1)
Shirley Geok-lin Lim
RIDING INTO CALIFORNIA	481	(1)
Robert Lowell
A SKUNK HOUR	482	(1)
Andrew Marvell
TO HIS COY MISTRESS	483	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
RECUERDO	484	(1)
John Milton
HOW SOON HATH TIME	485	(1)
John Milton
WHEN I CONSIDER HOW MY LIGHT IS SPENT	486	(1)
Marianne Moore
POETRY	486	(1)
Frederick Morgan
THE MASTER	487	(1)
Marilyn Nelson
A STRANGE BEAUTIFUL WOMAN	488	(1)
Howard Nemerov
THE WAR IN THE AIR	489	(1)
Lorine Niedecker
A POET'S WORK	489	(1)
Yone Noguchi
A SELECTION OF HOKKU	490	(1)
Sharon Olds
THE ONE GIRL AT THE BOYS' PARTY	491	(1)
Wilfred Owen
ANTHEM FOR DOOMED YOUTH	492	(1)
Linda Pastan
ETHICS	492	(1)
Robert Phillips
RUNNING ON EMPTY	493	(1)
Sylvia Plath
DADDY	494	(3)
Edgar Allan Poe
A DREAM WITHIN A DREAM	497	(1)
Alexander Pope
A LITTLE LEARNING IS A DANG'ROUS THING	497	(1)
Ezra Pound
THE RIVER-MERCHANT'S WIFE: A LETTER	498	(1)
Dudley Randall
A DIFFERENT IMAGE	499	(1)
John Crowe Ransom
PIAZZA PIECE	500	(1)
Henry Reed
NAMING OF PARTS	500	(1)
Adrienne Rich
LIVING IN SIN	501	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
MINIVER CHEEVY	502	(1)
Theodore Roethke
ELEGY FOR JANE	503	(1)
Mary Jo Salter
WELCOME TO HIROSHIMA	504	(2)
William Shakespeare
WHEN, IN DISGRACE WITH FORTUNE AND MEN'S EYES	506	(1)
William Shakespeare
NOT MARBLE NOR THE GILDED MONUMENTS	507	(1)
William Shakespeare
THAT TIME OF YEAR THOU MAYST IN ME BEHOLD	507	(1)
William Shakespeare
MY MISTRESS' EYES ARE NOTHING LIKE THE SUN	508	(1)
Louis Simpson
AMERICAN POETRY	508	(1)
David R. Slavitt
TITANIC	508	(1)
Christopher Smart
FOR I WILL CONSIDER MY CAT JEOFFRY	509	(2)
William Jay Smith
AMERICAN PRIMITIVE	511	(1)
Cathy Song
STAMP COLLECTING	512	(1)
William Stafford
THE FARM ON THE GREAT PLAINS	513	(1)
Wallace Stevens
THE EMPEROR OF ICE-CREAM	514	(1)
Jonathan Swift
A DESCRIPTION OF THE MORNING	515	(1)
Larissa Szporluk
VERTIGO	516	(1)
Sara Teasdale
THE FLIGHT	517	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
DARK HOUSE, BY WHICH ONCE MORE I STAND	517	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
ULYSSES	518	(2)
Dylan Thomas
FERN HILL	520	(1)
John Updike
EX-BASKETBALL PLAYER	521	(1)
Derek Walcott
THE VIRGINS	522	(1)
Edmund Waller
GO, LOVELY ROSE	523	(1)
Walt Whitman
FROM SONG OF THE OPEN ROAD	524	(1)
Walt Whitman
I HEAR AMERICA SINGING	525	(1)
Richard Wilbur
THE WRITER	525	(1)
C.K. Williams
ELMS	526	(1)
William Carlos Williams
SPRING AND ALL	527	(1)
William Carlos Williams
TO WAKEN AN OLD LADY	528	(1)
William Wordsworth
COMPOSED UPON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE	529	(1)
James Wright
A BLESSING	530	(1)
James Wright
AUTUMN BEGINS IN MARTINS FERRY, OHIO	530	(1)
Mary Sidney Wroth
IN THIS STRANGE LABYRINTH	531	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
THEY FLEE FROM ME THAT SOMETIME DID ME SEKË	532	(1)
William Butler Yeatsa
CRAZY JANE TALKS WITH THE BISHOP	533	(1)
William Butler Yeats
THE MAGI	534	(1)
William Butler Yeats
WHEN YOU ARE OLD	534	(1)
Bernice Zamora
PENITENTS	535	(1)
22 Lives of the Poets	536	(29)
WRITING
23 Writing About Literature	565	(1)
Reading Actively	565	(2)
Robert Frost
NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY	566	(1)
Planning Your Essay	567	(1)
Prewriting: Discovering Ideas	568	(4)
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises 568-	-571	(1143)
Developing a Literary Argument	572	(2)
CHECKLIST Developing a Literary Argument	574	(1)
Writing a Rough Draft	574	(3)
Sample Student Paper e (ROUGH DRAFT)	575	(2)
Revising	577	(4)
CHECKLIST Revision Steps	581	(1)
Some Final Advice on Rewriting	582	(4)
Sample Student Paper 4, (REVISED DRAFT)	583	(3)
Using Critical Sources and Maintaining Academic Integrity	586	(1)
The Form of Your Finished Paper	586	(1)
Spell-Check and Grammar-Check Programs	587	(2)
Anonymous (after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar)
A LITTLE POEM REGARDING COMPUTER SPELL CHECKERS	587	(2)
24 Writing About a Poem	589	(1)
Getting Started	589	(1)
Reading Actively	589	(1)
Robert Frost
DESIGN	590	(1)
Thinking About a Poem	590	(1)
Preparing to Write: Discovering Ideas	591	(3)
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises	591	(3)
Writing a First Draft	594	(2)
CHECKLIST
Writing a Rough Draft	595	(1)
Revising	596	(2)
CHECKLIST
Revision	598	(1)
Some Common Approaches to Writing About Poetry	598	(11)
EXPLICATION	598	(4)
Sample Student Paper (EXPLICATION)	599	(3)
A CRITIC'S EXPLICATION OF FROST'S "DESIGN"	602	(1)
ANALYSIS	603	(3)
Sample Student Paper a (ANALYSIS)	604	(2)
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	606	(5)
Abbie Huston Evans
WING-SPREAD	606	(1)
Sample Student Paper
(COMPARISON AND CONTRAST)	607	(2)
How to Quote a Poem	609	(2)
Topics for Writing	611	(3)
Robert Frost
IN WHITE	612	(2)
25 Writing a Research Paper	614	(5)
Getting Started	614	(1)
Choosing a Topic	615	(1)
Finding Research Sources	615	(4)
FINDING PRINT RESOURCES	615	(1)
USING ONLINE DATABASES	616	(1)
FINDING RELIABLE WEB SOURCES	616	(1)
CHECKLIST Finding Sources	617	(1)
USING VISUAL IMAGES	618	(1)
CHECKLIST
Using Visual Images	619	(1)
Evaluating Sources	619	(2)
EVALUATING PRINT RESOURCES	619	(1)
EVALUATING WEB RESOURCES	619	(1)
CHECKLIST Evaluating Sources	620	(1)
Organizing Your Research	621	(1)
Refining Your Thesis	622	(1)
Organizing Your Paper	622	(1)
Writing and Revising	623	(1)
Guarding Academic Integrity	623	(1)
Acknowledging Sources	624	(2)
QUOTING A SOURCE	624	(1)
CITING IDEAS	624	(2)
Documenting Sources Using MLA Style	626	(4)
LIST OF SOURCES	626	(1)
PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES	626	(1)
WORKS CITED LIST	627	(1)
CITING PRINT SOURCES IN MLA STYLE	627	(1)
CITING INTERNET SOURCES IN MLA STYLE	628	(1)
SAMPLE WORKS CITED LIST	629	(1)
Concluding Thoughts	630
Reference Guide for Citations 631-	-637	(1275)
26 Critical Approaches to Literature	638	(1)
Formalist Criticism	639	(3)
Cleanth Brooks
THE FORMALIST CRITIC	639	(3)
Robert Langbaum
ON ROVERT BROWNING'S "MY LAST DUCHESS"	"640
Biographical Criticism	642	(3)
Leslie Fiedler
THER RELATIONSHIP OF POET AND POEM	643	(1)
Brett C. Millier
ON ELIXABETH BISHOP'S "ONE ART"	644	(1)
Historical Criticism	645	(3)
Hugh Kenner
IMAGISM	646	(1)
Joseph Moldenhauer
"TO HIS COY MISTRESS" AND THE RENAISSANCE TRADITION	647	(1)
Psychological Criticism	648	(3)
Sigmund Freud
THE DESTINY OF OEDIPUS	649	(1)
Harold Bloom
POETIC INFLUENCE	650	(1)
Mythological Criticism	651	(2)
Carl Jung
THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS AND ARCHETYPES	652	(1)
Northrop Frye
MYTHIC ARCHETYPES	653	(1)
Sociological Criticism	653	(3)
Georg Lukacs
CONTENT DETERMINES FORM	654	(1)
Alfred Kazin
WALT WHITMAN AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN	655	(1)
Gender Criticism	656	(2)
Elaine Showalter
TOWARD A FEMINIST POETICS	657	(1)
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar
THE FREEDOM OF EMILY DICKINSON	657	(1)
Reader-Response Criticism	658	(4)
Stanley Fish At
AN ESKIMO "A ROSE FOR EMILY"	659	(1)
Robert Scholes
"HOW DO WE MAKE A POEM?"	660	(2)
Deconstructionist Criticism	662	(3)
Roland Barthes
THE DEATH OF THE AUTHOR	663	(1)
Geoffrey Hartman
ON WORDSWORTH'S "A SLUMBER DID MY SPIRIT SEAL"	663	(2)
Cultural Studies	665
Mark Bauerlein
WHAT IS CULTURAL STUDIES?	666	(1)
Camille Paglia
A READING OF WILLIAM BLAKE'S "THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER"	667	(8686957)
Glossary of Literary Terms	G1
Acknowledgments	A1
Index of Major Themes	I1
Index of First Lines of Poetry	I7
Index of Authors and Titles	I13