Legal Aspects of Corrections Management

by Cripe, Clair A.; Pearlman, Michael G.; Kosiak, Daryl

• ISBN13: 9780763730000
• ISBN10: 0763730009
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-02-15
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Summary

This comprehensive new edition illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of public health And The complex ethical and political issues central to it. it includes discussions of epidemiological investigation, biomedical research, environmental assessment, analyses of individual and group behavior, massive data collection efforts, and policy developments. In light of the changing world, further bioterrorism issues have been woven through relevant chapters. New additions in epidemiology include anthrax and SARS.  Additions in women's health consider new developments in hormone replacement therapy. A new emphasis has been placed on planning to include natural disasters as well as terrorism. Introduction to Public Health, Second Edition covers the basic elements of public health as well as essential data and statistics.

Author Biography

Mary-Jane Schneider, PhD, is Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs, Clinical Associate Professor of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, and Interim Director of Professional Education, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY

Table of Contents

Preface to the First Edition	xv
Preface to the Second Edition	xix
Acknowledgments	xxi
Prologue	xxv
PART I WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH?	1	(48)
Chapter 1 Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention	3	(14)
What Is Public Health?	4	(2)
Public Health versus Medical Care	6	(2)
The Sciences of Public Health	8	(4)
Prevention and Intervention	12	(2)
Public Health and Terrorism	14	(1)
Conclusion	15	(2)
Chapter 2 Why Is Public Health Controversial?	17	(14)
Economic Impact	20	(2)
Individual Liberty	22	(2)
Moral and Religious Opposition	24	(2)
Political Interference with Science	26	(2)
Conclusion	28	(3)
Chapter 3 Powers and Responsibilities of Government	31	(18)
Federal versus State Authority	32	(2)
How the Law Works	34	(2)
How Public Health Is Organized and Paid For in the United States	36	(8)
Local Public Health Agencies	36	(1)
State Health Departments	37	(1)
Federal Agencies Involved with Public Health	38	(6)
Nongovernmental Role in Public Health	44	(2)
Conclusion	46	(3)
PART II ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH	49	(86)
Chapter 4 Epidemiology: The Basic Science of Public Health	51	(18)
How Epidemiology Works	52	(2)
A Typical Epidemiologic Investigation: Outbreak of Hepatitis	54	(3)
Legionnaires' Disease	57	(1)
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome	58	(3)
Epidemiology and the Causes of Chronic Disease	61	(1)
Heart Disease	62	(2)
Lung Cancer	64	(3)
Conclusion	67	(2)
Chapter 5 Epidemiologic Principles and Methods	69	(16)
Kinds of Epidemiologic Studies	74	(1)
Intervention Studies	75	(2)
Cohort Studies	77	(2)
Case-Control Studies	79	(2)
Conclusion	81	(4)
Chapter 6 Problems and Limits of Epidemiology	85	(14)
Problems with Studying Humans	86	(1)
Sources of Error	87	(3)
Proving Cause and Effect	90	(1)
Epidemiologic Studies of Hormone Replacement Therapy—Confusing Results	91	(2)
Ethics in Epidemiology	93	(3)
Conclusion	96	(3)
Chapter 7 Statistics: Making Sense of Uncertainty	99	(22)
The Uncertainty of Science	100	(3)
Probability	103	(2)
The Statistics of Screening Tests	105	(1)
Rates and Other Calculated Statistics	106	(6)
Risk Assessment and Risk Perception	112	(4)
Cost-Benefit Analysis and Other Evaluation Methods	116	(1)
Conclusion	117	(4)
Chapter 8 The Role of Data in Public Health	121	(14)
Vital Statistics	122	(1)
The Census	123	(3)
NCHS Surveys and Other Sources of Health Data	126	(2)
Is So Much Data Really Necessary?	128	(1)
Accuracy and Availability of Data	129	(1)
Confidentiality of Data	130	(1)
Conclusion	131	(4)
PART III BIOMEDICAL BASIS OF PUBLIC HEALTH	135	(80)
Chapter 9 The "Conquest" of Infectious Diseases	137	(20)
Infectious Agents	139	(2)
Means of Transmission	141	(2)
Chain of Infection	143	(5)
Rabies	148	(2)
Smallpox, Measles, and Polio	150	(3)
Fear of Vaccines	153	(1)
Conclusion	154	(3)
Chapter 10 The Resurgence of Infectious Diseases	157	(26)
The Biomedical Basis of AIDS	158	(5)
Other Emerging Viruses	163	(3)
Influenza	166	(2)
New Bacterial Threats	168	(3)
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis	171	(4)
Prions	175	(1)
Public Health Response to Emerging Infections	176	(1)
Public Health and the Threat of Bioterrorism	177	(1)
Conclusion	178	(5)
Chapter 11 The Biomedical Basis of Chronic Diseases	183	(14)
Cardiovascular Disease	185	(4)
Cancer	189	(3)
Diabetes	192	(1)
Other Chronic Diseases	193	(1)
Conclusion	194	(3)
Chapter 12 Genetic Diseases and Other Inborn Errors	197	(18)
Environmental Teratogens	198	(5)
Genetic and Newborn Screening Programs	203	(3)
Genomic Medicine	206	(2)
Ethical Issues and Genetic Diseases	208	(3)
Conclusion	211	(4)
PART IV SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN HEALTH	215	(116)
Chapter 13 Do People Choose Their Own Health?	217	(14)
Education	221	(4)
Regulation	225	(1)
Does Prohibition Work?	226	(2)
Conclusion	228	(3)
Chapter 14 How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior	231	(18)
Health of Minority Populations	234	(1)
Stress and Social Support	235	(2)
Psychological Models of Health Behavior	237	(2)
Ecological Model of Health Behavior	239	(3)
Health Promotion Programs	242	(2)
Changing the Environment	244	(1)
Conclusion	245	(4)
Chapter 15 Tobacco—Public Health Enemy Number One	249	(20)
Biomedical Basis of Smoking's Harmful Effects	251	(1)
Historical Trends in Smoking and Health	252	(3)
Regulatory Restrictions on Smoking New Focus on Environmental Tobacco Smoke	255	(2)
Emphasis on Youth—Advertising	257	(1)
Taxes as a Public Health Measure	258	(2)
California's Tobacco Control Program	260	(2)
The Master Settlement Agreement	262	(3)
Conclusion	265	(4)
Chapter 16 Public Health Threat Number Two and Growing: Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity	269	(24)
Epidemiology of Obesity	270	(5)
Diet and Nutrition	275	(2)
Promoting Healthy Eating	277	(4)
Physical Activity and Health	281	(2)
How Much Exercise Is Enough, and How Much Do People Get?	283	(3)
Promoting Physical Activity	286	(2)
Confronting the Obesity Epidemic	288	(1)
Conclusion	288	(5)
Chapter 17 Injuries Are Not Accidents	293	(18)
Epidemiology of Injuries	294	(3)
Analyzing Injuries	297	(2)
Motor Vehicle Injuries	299	(3)
Pedestrians, Motorcyclists, and Bicyclists	302	(1)
Firearms Injury—Still Number Two	303	(2)
Occupational Injuries	305	(2)
Tertiary Prevention	307	(1)
Conclusion	307	(4)
Chapter 18 Maternal and Child Health as a Social Problem	311	(20)
Maternal and Infant Mortality	312	(3)
Infant Mortality: Health Problem or Social Problem?	315	(2)
Preventing Infant Mortality	317	(4)
Family Planning and Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy	321	(2)
Nutrition of Women and Children	323	(1)
Children's Health and Safety	324	(3)
Conclusion	327	(4)
PART V ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN PUBLIC HEALTH	331	(100)
Chapter 19 A Clean Environment: The Basis of Public Health	333	(18)
Role of Government in Environmental Health	335	(1)
Identification of Hazards	335	(5)
Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals	340	(3)
Occupational Exposures: Workers as Guinea Pigs	343	(1)
New Source of Pollution: Factory Farms	344	(1)
Setting Standards: How Safe Is Safe?	345	(1)
Risk-Benefit Analysis	346	(1)
Conclusion	347	(4)
Chapter 20 Clean Air: Is It Safe to Breathe?	351	(16)
Criteria Air Pollutants	352	(3)
Strategies for Meeting Standards	355	(5)
Indoor Air Quality	360	(1)
Global Effects of Air Pollution	361	(2)
Conclusion	363	(4)
Chapter 21 Clean Water: A Limited Resource	367	(16)
Clean Water Act	369	(2)
Safe Drinking Water	371	(6)
Dilemmas in Compliance	377	(2)
Is the Water Supply Running Out?	379	(1)
Conclusion	379	(4)
Chapter 22 Solid and Hazardous Wastes: What To Do With the Garbage?	383	(12)
Sanitary Landfills	385	(1)
Alternatives to Landfills	386	(2)
Hazardous Wastes	388	(5)
Conclusion	393	(2)
Chapter 23 Safe Food and Drugs: An Ongoing Regulatory Battle	395	(20)
Causes of Food-Borne Illness	396	(2)
Government Action to Prevent Food-Borne Disease	398	(6)
Additives and Contaminants	404	(1)
Drugs and Cosmetics	405	(1)
Food and Drug Labeling and Advertising	406	(2)
Politics of the FDA	408	(3)
Conclusion	411	(4)
Chapter 24 Population: The Ultimate Environmental Health Issue	415	(16)
Public Health and Population Growth	418	(2)
Global Impact of Population Growth Depletion of Resources	420	(3)
Global Impact of Population Growth Climate Change	423	(3)
Dire Predictions and Fragile Hope	426	(2)
Conclusion	428	(3)
PART VI MEDICAL CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH	431	(82)
Chapter 25 Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue?	433	(18)
When Medical Care is a Public Health Responsibility	434	(2)
The Conflict between Public Health and the Medical Profession	436	(4)
Licensing and Regulation	440	(1)
Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Care	441	(4)
Ethical Issues in Medical Resource Allocation	445	(2)
Conclusion	447	(4)
Chapter 26 Why the U.S. Medical System Needs Reform	451	(16)
Why Do Costs Keep Rising?	455	(3)
Approaches to Controlling Medical Costs	458	(1)
Managed Care—Not a Panacea	459	(2)
Rationing	461	(2)
Conclusion	463	(4)
Chapter 27 Health Services Research: Finding What Works	467	(22)
Reasons for Practice Variations	469	(2)
The Field of Dreams Effect	471	(2)
Outcomes Research	473	(3)
Quality	476	(1)
Medical Care Report Cards	477	(3)
Inequities in Medical Care	480	(1)
The Relative Importance of Medical Care for Public Health	481	(3)
Conclusion	484	(5)
Chapter 28 Public Health and the Aging Population	489	(24)
The Aging of the Population—Trends	490	(2)
Health Status of the Older Population	492	(3)
General Approaches to Maximizing Health in Old Age	495	(3)
Preventing Disease and Disability in Old Age	498	(7)
Medications	498	(1)
Osteoporosis	499	(1)
Falls	500	(1)
Impairment of Vision and Hearing	501	(1)
Oral Health	502	(1)
Alzheimer's and Other Dementias	503	(2)
Medical Costs of the Elderly	505	(3)
Proposals for Rationing	508	(1)
Conclusion	509	(4)
PART VII THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC HEALTH	513	(40)
Chapter 29 Emergency Preparedness, Post-9/11	515	(20)
Types of Disasters and Public Health Responses	516	(2)
New York's Response to the World Trade Center Attacks	518	(2)
Principles of Emergency Planning and Preparedness	520	(3)
Bioterrorism Preparedness	523	(5)
Smallpox	528	(2)
Conclusion	530	(5)
Chapter 30 Public Health in the Twenty-First Century: Achievements and Challenges	535	(18)
Challenges for the Twenty-First Century	537	(2)
Strategic Planning for Public Health	539	(4)
Hope for the Integration of Public Health and Medical Practice	543	(2)
Information Technology	545	(2)
The Challenge of Biotechnology	547	(1)
The Ultimate Challenge to Public Health in the Twenty-First Century	548	(1)
Conclusion	548	(5)
Index	553