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An Introduction to Sociolinguistics,9780582060623

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

by Holmes, Janet

ISBN13:

9780582060623

ISBN10:

0582060621

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/1/1992

Publisher(s):

Longman Publishing Group

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Table of Contents

Preface

x

Author's acknowledgements

xii

Publisher's acknowledgements

xiii

What do sociolinguists study?

1

(18)

What is a sociolinguist?

1

(2)

Why do we say the same thing in different ways?

3

(3)

What are the different ways we say things?

6

(5)

Social factors, dimensions and explanations

11

(8)

Section I: Multilingual Speech Communities

19

(112)

Language choice in multilingual communities

21

(34)

Choosing your variety or code

21

(11)

Diglossia

32

(8)

Code-switching or code-mixing

40

(15)

Language maintenance and shift

55

(24)

Language shift in different communities

55

(6)

Language death and language loss

61

(4)

Factors contributing to language shift

65

(6)

How can a minority language be maintained?

71

(3)

Language revival

74

(5)

Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations

79

(24)

Vernacular languages

80

(2)

Standard languages

82

(4)

Lingua francas

86

(3)

Pidgins and creoles

89

(14)

National languages and language planning

103

(28)

National and official languages

105

(7)

Planning for a national official language

112

(6)

Developing a standard variety in Norway

118

(3)

The linguist's role in language planning

121

(10)

Section II: Language Variation: reflecting its users

131

(112)

Regional and social dialects

133

(31)

Regional variation

134

(8)

Social variation

142

(2)

Social dialects

144

(20)

Sex and age

164

(26)

Sex-exclusive speech differences

164

(3)

Sex-preferential speech features

167

(1)

Sex and social class

168

(3)

Explanations of women's linguistic behaviour

171

(10)

Age-graded features of speech

181

(3)

Age and social dialect data

184

(6)

Ethnicity and social networks

190

(20)

Ethnicity

190

(12)

Social networks

202

(8)

Language change

210

(33)

Variation and change

211

(7)

How do changes spread?

218

(7)

How do we study language change?

225

(4)

Reasons for language change

229

(14)

Section III: Language Variation: reflecting its uses

243

(143)

Style, context and register

245

(40)

Addressee as an influence on style

246

(9)

Accommodation theory

255

(5)

Context, style and class

260

(11)

Style in non-Western societies

271

(5)

Register

276

(9)

Speech functions, politeness and cross-cultural communication

285

(27)

The functions of speech

286

(10)

Politeness and address forms

296

(8)

Linguistic politeness in different cultures

304

(8)

Sex, politeness and stereotypes

312

(32)

Women's language and confidence

312

(12)

Interaction

324

(6)

Gossip

330

(6)

Sexist language

336

(8)

Attitudes and applications

344

(25)

Attitudes to language

344

(13)

Sociolinguistics and education

357

(12)

Conclusion

369

(17)

Sociolinguistic competence

370

(6)

Dimensions of sociolinguistic analysis

376

(5)

Sociolinguistic universals

381

(5)

References

386

(16)

Appendix: phonetic symbols

402

(2)

Glossary

404

(3)

Index

407

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