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9780321804907

Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 7/e

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780321804907

  • ISBN10:

    0321804902

  • Edition: 7th
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2013-01-01
  • Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION
  • View Upgraded Edition

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Summary

With an expanded focus on critical thinking and problem solving, the new edition of Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking prepares readers for success in introductory chemistry. Unlike other introductory chemistry texts, all materials –the textbook, student solutions manual, laboratory manual, instructor’s manual and test item file – are written by the author and tightly integrated to work together most effectively. Math and problem solving are covered early in the text; Corwin builds reader confidence and ability through innovative pedagogy and technology formulated to meet the needs of today’s learners. 

Author Biography

Charles H. Corwin has spent over 30 years teaching chemistry to over 12,000 students. He has taught general chemistry, organic chemistry, and quantitative analysis, but has focused primarily on introductory chemistry for the personal rewards it offers.

Corwin was awarded his degrees from San Jose State University, where he was a member of Tau Delta Phi honor society. Early in his career, he was awarded a National Science Foundation grant to study instructional innovations at Grand Valley State University. Currently, he is a professor of chemistry at American River College, where he was recognized as Teacher of the Year in 1994. He is also the recipient of an Alumni Teaching award from Purdue University.

Table of Contents

1          Introduction to Chemistry  

1.1        Evolution of Chemistry  

1.2        Modern Chemistry  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  “Worth Your Salt?”  

1.3        Learning Chemistry  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  A Student Success Story

Summary      •   Key Terms      •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

Prerequisite Science Skills  

PSS.1   Measurements

PSS.2   Significant Digits

PSS.3   Rounding Off Nonsignificant Digits

PSS.4   Adding and Subtracting Measurements

PSS.5   Multiplying and Dividing Measurements

PSS.6   Exponential Numbers

PSS.7   Scientific Notation

 

2          The Metric System  

2.1        Basic Units and Symbols

CRITICAL THINKING The International System of Measurement (SI)

2.2        Metric Conversion Factors

2.3        Metric—Metric Conversions

2.4        Metric—English Conversions

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  The Olympics

CRITICAL THINKING World Trade Center

2.5        The Percent Concept

2.6        Volume by Calculation

2.7        Volume by Displacement

2.8        The Density Concept

2.9        Temperature

2.10      The Heat Concept

Summary     •   Problem-Solving Organizer  

Key Terms      •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

3          Matter and Energy  

3.1        Physical States of Matter  

3.2        Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  

3.3        Names and Symbols of the Elements  

CRITICAL THINKING Aluminum or Aluminium?  

3.4        Metals, Nonmetals, and Semimetals  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Elements 104 and Beyond  

3.5        Compounds and Chemical Formulas  

3.6        Physical and Chemical Properties  

3.7        Physical and Chemical Changes  

3.8        Conservation of Mass  

3.9        Potential and Kinetic Energy  

3.10      Conservation of Energy  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Recycling Aluminum   

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

4          Models of the Atom  

4.1        Dalton Model of the Atom  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  John Dalton  

4.2        Thomson Model of the Atom  

4.3        Rutherford Model of the Atom  

4.4        Atomic Notation  

4.5        Atomic Mass  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Heavy Water  

4.6        The Wave Nature of Light  

4.7        The Quantum Concept  

4.8        Bohr Model of the Atom  

CRITICAL THINKING Neon Lights  

4.9        Energy Levels and Sublevels  

4.10      Electron Configuration  

4.11      Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom  

Summmary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

5          The Periodic Table  

5.1        Classification of Elements  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Dmitri Mendeleev  

5.2        The Periodic Law Concept  

5.3        Groups and Periods of Elements   

CRITICAL THINKING IUPAC Group Numbers  

5.4        Periodic Trends  

5.5        Properties of Elements  

5.6        Blocks of Elements  

5.7        Valence Electrons  

5.8        Electron Dot Formulas  

5.9        Ionization Energy  

5.10      Ionic Charges  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Evolution of Chemical Elements  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

6          Language of Chemistry  

6.1        Classification of Compounds  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Antoine and Marie Lavoisier  

6.2        Monoatomic Ions  

6.3        Polyatomic Ions  

6.4        Writing Chemical Formulas  

CRITICAL THINKING Nutritional Potassium  

6.5        Binary Ionic Compounds  

6.6        Ternary Ionic Compounds  

6.7        Binary Molecular Compounds  

6.8        Binary Acids  

6.9        Ternary Oxyacids  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  IUPAC Nomenclature  

Summary   •   Nomenclature Organizer  

Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

7          Chemical Reactions  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Fireworks  

7.1        Evidence for Chemical Reactions  

7.2        Writing Chemical Equations  

7.3        Balancing Chemical Equations  

7.4        Classifying Chemical Reactions  

7.5        Combination Reactions  

7.6        Decomposition Reactions  

7.7        The Activity Series Concept  

7.8        Single-Replacement Reactions  

7.9        Solubility Rules  

7.10      Double-Replacement Reactions  

7.11      Neutralization Reactions  

CRITICAL THINKING Household Chemicals  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises   

Chapter Self-Test  

 

8          The Mole Concept  

8.1        Avogadro’s Number  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Analogies for Avogadro’s Number  

8.2        Mole Calculations I  

8.3        Molar Mass  

8.4        Mole Calculations II  

8.5        Molar Volume  

8.6        Mole Calculations III  

8.7        Percent Composition  

8.8        Empirical Formula  

8.9        Molecular Formula  

CRITICAL THINKING Avogadro’s Number  

Summary   •   Problem—Solving Organizer  

Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

9          Chemical Equation Calculations  

9.1        Interpreting a Chemical Equation  

9.2        Mole—Mole Relationships  

CRITICAL THINKING Iron versus Steel  

9.3        Types of Stoichiometry Problems  

9.4        Mass—Mass Problems  

9.5        Mass—Volume Problems  

9.6        Volume—Volume Problems  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Manufacturing Ammonia  

9.7        Limiting Reactant Concept  

9.8        Limiting Reactant Problems  

9.9        Percent Yield  

Summary   •   Problem-Solving Organizer  

Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

10         Gases

10.1      Properties of Gases  

10.2      Atmospheric Pressure  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  The Greenhouse Effect  

10.3      Variables Affecting Gas Pressure  

10.4      Boyle’s Law: Pressure—Volume Relationships  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Robert Boyle  

10.5      Charles’s Law: Volume—Temperature Relationships  

10.6      Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure—Temperature Relationships  

10.7      Combined Gas Law  

10.8      The Vapor Pressure Concept  

10.9      Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures  

10.10    Ideal Gas Behavior  

10.11    Ideal Gas Law  

CRITICAL THINKING Conceptualizing Gases  

Summary   •   Problem—Solving Organizer  

Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

11         Liquids and Solids  

11.1      Properties of Liquids  

11.2      The Intermolecular Bond Concept  

11.3      Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point, Viscosity, and Surface Tension  

11.4      Properties of Solids

11.5      Crystalline Solids  

11.6      Changes of Physical State  

11.7      Structure of Water  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Water Purification  

11.8      Physical Properties of Water  

11.9      Chemical Properties of Water  

11.10    Hydrates  

CRITICAL THINKING Bottled Water  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

12         Chemical Bonding  

12.1      The Chemical Bond Concept  

12.2      Ionic Bonds  

12.3      Covalent Bonds  

12.4      Electron Dot Formulas of Molecules  

12.5      Electron Dot Formulas of Polyatomic Ions   

12.6      Polar Covalent Bonds  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Linus Pauling  

12.7      Nonpolar Covalent Bonds  

12.8      Coordinate Covalent Bonds  

12.9      Hydrogen Bonds  

12.10    Shapes of Molecules  

CRITICAL THINKING Diamond versus Graphite  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

13         Solutions  

13.1      Gases in Solution  

13.2      Liquids in Solution  

13.3      Solids in Solution  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Colloids  

13.4      The Dissolving Process   

13.5      Rate of Dissolving  

13.6      Solubility and Temperature  

13.7      Unsaturated, Saturated, and Supersaturated Solutions  

13.8      Mass/Mass Percent Concentration  

13.9      Molar Concentration  

CRITICAL THINKING Water Fluoridation  

13.10    Dilution of a Solution  

13.11    Solution Stoichiometry  

Summary   •   Problem—Solving Organizer  

Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

14         Acids and Bases  

14.1      Properties of Acids and Bases  

14.2      Arrhenius Acids and Bases  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Svante Arrhenius  

14.3      Brønsted—Lowry Acids and Bases  

14.4      Acid—Base Indicators  

14.5      Acid—Base Titrations  

14.6      Acid—Base Standardization  

14.7      Ionization of Water  

14.8      The pH Concept  

14.9      Advanced pH Calculations  

CRITICAL THINKING Acid Rain  

14.10    Strong and Weak Electrolytes  

14.11    Net Ionic Equations  

Summary   •   Problem—Solving Organizer  

Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

15         Advanced Problem Solving

15.1      Advanced Problem-Solving Strategies

15.2      Concept Maps — Mole Relationships

15.3      Concept Maps — Stoichiometry

15.4      Multiple-Reaction Stoichiometry

CRITICAL THINKING Nanotechnology

15.5      Advanced Problem-Solving Examples

            Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises

            Online Exercises 

Chapter Self-Test

 

16         Chemical Equilibrium  

16.1      Collision Theory  

16.2      Energy Profiles of Chemical Reactions  

16.3      The Chemical Equilibrium Concept  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  The Ozone Hole  

16.4      General Equilibrium Constant, K eq  

16.5      Equilibria Shifts for Gases  

16.6      Ionization Equilibrium Constant, K i  

16.7      Equilibria Shifts for Weak Acids and Bases  

16.8      Solubility Product Equilibrium Constant, K sp  

16.9      Equilibria Shifts for Slightly Soluble Compounds  

            Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

17         Oxidation and Reduction  

17.1      Oxidation Numbers  

17.2      Oxidation—Reduction Reactions  

17.3      Balancing Redox Equations: Oxidation Number Method  

17.4      Balancing Redox Equations: Half-Reaction Method  

17.5      Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions  

17.6      Voltaic Cells  

17.7      Electrolytic Cells  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Hybrid Vehicles  

Summary   •   Key Terms   • Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test    

 

18       Nuclear Chemistry  

18.1    Natural Radioactivity  

18.2    Nuclear Equations  

18.3    Radioactive Decay Series  

18.4    Radioactive Half-Life  

18.5    Applications of Radionuclides  

CRITICAL THINKING  Nuclear Medicine  

18.6    Induced Radioactivity  

18.7    Nuclear Fission  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Nuclear Power Plant  

18.8    Nuclear Fusion  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

19       Organic Chemistry  

19.1    Hydrocarbons  

19.2    Alkanes  

19.3    Alkenes and Alkynes  

19.4    Arenes  

19.5    Hydrocarbon Derivatives  

19.6    Organic Halides  

19.7    Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers  

19.8    Amines  

19.9    Aldehydes and Ketones  

19.10    Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides  

CHEMISTRY CONNECTION  Forensic Chemistry  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

20         Biochemistry  

20.1      Biological Compounds  

20.2      Proteins  

20.3      Enzymes  

20.4      Carbohydrates  

20.5      Lipids  

CRITICAL THINKING Vitamins  

20.6      Nucleic Acids  

CRITICAL THINKING Left- and Right-Handed Molecules  

Summary   •   Key Terms   •   Exercises  

Chapter Self-Test  

 

Appendices

A    Weights and Measures  

B    Physical Constants  

C    Activity Series for Metals  

D    Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds  

E    Vapor Pressure of Water  

F    Properties of Water  

G    Answers to Concept Exercises  

H    Answers to Key Term Exercises  

I     Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises  

J    Answers to Chapter Self-Tests  

Glossary  

Photo Credits  

Index  

Supplemental Materials

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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