Introductory Chemistry w/ Prob Solving Gd & Wkbk, Student Bk Component, CD-ROM

by Russo, Steve; Silver, Michael E.

Edition:

3rd

ISBN13:

9780321046345

ISBN10:

032104634X

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

1/1/2007

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Summary

Steve Russo and Mike Silver turn chemistry into a memorable story that engages readers and provides the context they need to understand and remember core concepts. The book builds interesting applications and well-designed illustrations into the narrative to get and hold attention, then builds confidence with integrated active learning activities. Readers make the connections between concepts and the problem-solving techniques they need to master as they read. The new edition strengthens this conceptual approach and presents additional quantitative techniques in key areas. Readers will find enhanced support for quantitative problem-solving and more challenging questions at the end of each chapter, in addition to the wealth of technology-based support onThe Chemistry Place(tm), Special Edition and onThe Chemistry of Life CD-ROM . For college instructors and students.

About the Authors

iii

Preface

What Is Chemistry?

(24)

Science and Technology

(2)

Matter

(6)

Matter and Its Physical Transformations

(3)

Matter and Its Chemical Transformations

(3)

How Science Is Done: The Scientific Method

(3)

Learning Chemistry with This Book

(7)

The Numerical Side of Chemistry

(50)

Numbers in Chemistry---Precision and Accuracy

(3)

Numbers in Chemistry---Uncertainty and Significant Figures

(3)

Zeros and Significant Figures

(3)

Scientific Notation

(4)

How to Handle Significant Figures and Scientific Notation When Doing Math

(4)

Numbers with a Name---Units of Measure

(6)

Density: A Useful Physical Property of Matter

(2)

Doing Calculations in Chemistry---Unit Analysis

(5)

Rearranging Equations---Algebraic Manipulations with Density

(3)

Quantifying Energy

(17)

The Evolution of Atomic Theory

(44)

Dalton's Atomic Theory

(5)

Development of a Model for Atomic Structure

(1)

The Nucleus

(4)

The Structure of the Atom

(6)

The Law of Mendeleev---Chemical Periodicity

(5)

The Modern Periodic Table

(6)

Other Regular Variations in the Properties of Elements

102

(17)

The Modern Model of the Atom

119

(44)

Seeing the Light---A New Model of the Atom

119

(4)

A New Kind of Physics---Energy Is Quantized

123

(1)

The Bohr Theory of Atomic Structure

124

(3)

Periodicity and Line Spectra Explained

127

(7)

Subshells and Electron Configuration

134

(8)

Compound Formation and the Octet Rule

142

(5)

Atomic Size Revisited

147

(1)

The Modern Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom

148

(15)

Chemical Bonding and Nomenclature

163

(46)

Molecules---What Are They? Why Are They?

163

(1)

Holding Molecules Together---The Covalent Bond

164

(6)

Molecules, Dot Structures, and the Octet Rule

170

(6)

Multiple Bonds

176

(5)

Ionic Bonding---Bring on the Metals

181

(2)

Equal Versus Unequal Sharing of Electrons---Electronegativity and the Polar Covalent Bond

183

(4)

Nomenclature---Naming Chemical Compounds

187

(22)

The Shape of Molecules

209

(32)

Why Is the Shape of a Molecule Important?

209

(2)

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

211

(9)

Polarity of Molecules, or When Does 2 + 2 Not Equal 4?

220

(8)

Intermolecular Forces---Dipolar Interactions

228

(13)

Chemical Reactions

241

(29)

What Is a Chemical Reaction?

241

(1)

How Are Reactants Transformed into Products?

242

(3)

Balancing Chemical Equations

245

(4)

Types of Reactions

249

(2)

Solubility and Precipitation Reactions

251

(7)

Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions

258

(12)

Stoichiometry and the Mole

270

(49)

Stoichiometry---What Is It?

270

(4)

The Mole

274

(9)

Reaction Stoichiometry

283

(6)

Dealing with a Limiting Reactant

289

(6)

Combustion Analysis

295

(8)

Going Back and Forth Between Formulas and Percent Composition

303

(16)

The Transfer of Electrons from One Atom to Another in a Chemical Reaction

319

(46)

What Is Electricity?

319

(1)

Electron Bookkeeping---Oxidation States

320

(12)

Recognizing Electron-Transfer Reactions

332

(5)

Electricity from Redox Reactions

337

(7)

Which Way Do Electrons Flow?---The EMF Series

344

(5)

Another Look at Oxidation: The Corrosion of Metals

349

(16)

Intermolecular Forces and the Phases of Matter

365

(26)

Why Does Matter Exist in Different Phases?

365

(6)

Intermolecular Forces

371

(4)

A Closer Look at Dipole Forces---Hydrogen-Bonding

375

(5)

Nonmolecular Substances

380

(11)

What If There Were No Intermolecular Forces? The Ideal Gas

391

(34)

Describing the Gas Phase---P, V, n, and T

391

(7)

Describing a Gas Mathematically---The Ideal Gas Law

398

(7)

Getting the Most from the Ideal Gas Law

405

(20)

Solutions

425

(66)

What Is a Solution?

425

(3)

Energy and the Formation of Solutions

428

(8)

Entropy and the Formation of Solutions

436

(2)

Solubility, Temperature, and Pressure

438

(4)

Getting Unlikes to Dissolve---Soaps and Detergents

442

(2)

Molarity

444

(10)

Percent Composition

454

(3)

Reactions in Solution

457

(8)

Colligative Properties of Solutions

465

(26)

When Reactants Turn into Products

491

(48)

Chemical Kinetics

491

(3)

Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions

494

(9)

Reaction Rates and Activation Energy---Getting over the Hill

503

(9)

How Concentration Affects Reaction Rate

512

(5)

Reaction Order

517

(4)

Why Reaction Orders Have the Values They Do---Mechanisms

521

(18)

Chemical Equilibrium

539

(42)

Dynamic Equilibrium---My Reaction Seems To Have Stopped!

539

(6)

Why Do Chemical Reactions Reach Equilibrium?

545

(4)

The Position of Equilibrium---The Equilibrium Constant Keq

549

(6)

Disturbing a Reaction Already at Equilibrium---Le Chatelier's Principle

555

(4)

How Equilibrium Responds to Temperature Changes

559

(3)

Equilibria for Heterogeneous Reactions, Solubility, and Equilibrium Calculations

562

(19)

Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases

581

(54)

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

581

(7)

Electrolytes Weak and Strong

588

(2)

Acids Weak and Strong

590

(4)

Bases The Opposites of Acids

594

(4)

Help! I Need Another Definition of Acid and Base

598

(3)

Weak Bases

601

(3)

Is This Solution Acidic or Basic? Understanding Water, Autodissociation, and Kw

604

(6)

The pH Scale

610

(5)

Resisting pH Changes---Buffers

615

(20)

Nuclear Chemistry

635

(36)

The Case of the Missing Mass---Mass Defect and the Stability of the Nucleus

635

(5)

Half Life and the Band of Stability

640

(3)

Spontaneous Nuclear Changes---Radioactivity

643

(11)

Using Radioactive Isotopes to Date Objects

654

(2)

Nuclear Energy---Fission and Fusion

656

(5)

Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Radioactivity

661

(10)

The Chemistry of Carbon

671

(44)

Carbon---A Unique Element

671

(4)

Naturally Occurring Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen---Hydrocarbons

675

(7)

Naming Hydrocarbons

682

(12)

Properties of Hydrocarbons

694

(1)

Functionalized Hydrocarbons---Bring On the Heteroatoms

695

(20)

Synthetic and Biological Polymers

715

(1)

Building Polymers

715

(1)

Polyethylene and Its Relatives

716

(3)

Nylon---A Polymer You Can Wear

719

(2)

Polysaccharides and Carbohydrates

721

(3)

Proteins

724

(4)

DNA---The Master Biopolymer

728

Glossary

G-1

Selected Answers

A-1

Index

I-1

Introductory Chemistry w/ Prob Solving Gd & Wkbk, Student Bk Component, CD-ROM

9780321046345

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