Japanese Religion : Unity and Diversity

by EARHART

Edition:

3rd

ISBN13:

9780534010287

ISBN10:

0534010288

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/1982

Publisher(s):

Wadsworth Publishing

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Summary

In continuous print since 1969, this text has helped establish the treatment of Japanese religion as a unified worldview, offering a concise yet thorough look at the culture and history of the Japanese religion. This book helps readers see Japanese religion as a whole, rather than as disconnected religious traditions. No technical knowledge of Japanese history, Japanese religion, or the Japanese language is required for understanding the material. JAPANESE RELIGION has been used in Japan and Europe, as well as in North America.

Foreword

vii

Preface to the Third Edition

Map of Japan

xiii

Table of Japanese Religious History, with Chronological Periods and Corresponding Cultural Features

xiv

Introduction

(6)

Five Religious Strands

(2)

Unity and Diversity

(4)

Persistent Themes in Japanese Religious History

(13)

The Closeness of Human Beings, Gods, and Nature

(2)

The Religious Character of the Family

(3)

The Significance of Purification, Rituals, and Charms

(1)

The Prominence of Local Festivals and Individual Cults

(2)

The Pervasiveness of Religion in Everyday Life

(2)

The Natural Bond Between Religion and the Nation

(1)

The Traditional World-View

(4)

Part One. The Formation of Japanese Religion

(54)

The Prehistoric Heritage

(7)

The Origins of Japanese Religion

(2)

The Evidence and Meaning of the Earliest Religion in Japan

(1)

The Religious Significance of Burial and the Dead

(1)

The Religious Significance of Fertility

(1)

The Religious Significance of Divine Descent

(3)

The Formation of Shinto

(10)

Mythological Materials and the Origins of Shinto

(3)

Organized Shinto: Priests and Rituals in Shrines

(3)

Distinctive Characteristics of Shinto

(3)

Early Japanese Buddhism: Indian Influence with Chinese Coloration

(13)

The Introduction of Buddhism as a Foreign Religion

(1)

Buddhism's Impact on the Court and the State

(2)

Buddhism as a State Religion

(2)

The Six Philosophical Schools of Nara Buddhism

(2)

The Sanron School

(2)

The Decline of Nara Buddhism

(3)

Confucianism and Religious Taoism: Chinese Importations

(8)

Confucianism: Explicit Chinese Influence on State and Society

(2)

Religious Taoism: Implicit Chinese Influence on Beliefs and Rituals

(5)

Folk Religion: Religiosity Outside Organized Religion

(8)

Aspects of Japanese Folk Religion

(2)

Folk Religion in Family, Village, and Occupation

(3)

The Individual and Folk Religion

(3)

Interaction in the Formation of Japanese Religion

(6)

The Interaction of Religious Traditions

(1)

The Formation of a Distinctive Japanese Religious Tradition

(5)

Part Two. The Development and Elaboration of Japanese Religion

(56)

The Founding of a Japanese Buddhism: The Shingon and Tendai Sects

(13)

The New Buddhism of the Heian Period

(1)

Shingon: Esoteric Buddhism in Japan

(5)

Tendai: Faith in the Lotus Sutra and Amida

(2)

The Development of Japanese Buddhism and Japanese Religion

(5)

Elaboration Within Japanese Buddhism: The Pure Land, Nichiren, and Zen Sects

(16)

From Heian Buddhism to Kamakura Buddhism

(1)

The Pure Land Sects: Faith in Amida and the Recitation of the Nembutsu

(3)

Nichiren: Faith in the Lotus Sutra as the Exclusive National Buddhism

(2)

The Zen Sects: Enlightenment Through Meditation

(2)

Dogen: Sitting in Meditation

(2)

Zen: Institutional and Artistic Developments

101

(5)

The Development of Medieval Shinto

106

(9)

Medieval Buddhism and Medieval Shinto

107

(1)

Borrowing by Medieval Shinto

107

(2)

The Relation of Tendai and Shingon to Medieval Shinto

109

(2)

Medieval Shinto: Individual Scholars and Family Traditions

111

(4)

The Appearance of Christianity in Japan

115

(10)

The Introduction of Christianity into Japan

116

(1)

The Japanese Acceptance of Christianity

116

(3)

The Expulsion of Christianity

119

(2)

The Significance of the Christian Century

121

(4)

The Five Traditions: Development and Mutual Influence

125

(5)

Part Three. Formalism and Renewal in Japanese Religion

130

(83)

Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism, and Restoration Shinto in the Tokugawa Period

134

(16)

The Tokugawa Government and Religion

134

(2)

Tokugawa Buddhism: State Patronage and Weakened Vitality

136

(1)

Neo-Confucianism: Political Stability and Social Conformity

137

(2)

Neo-Confucianism: The Development of Public and Private Ethics

139

(4)

Restoration Shinto: The Movement for a Purified Shinto

143

(2)

Motoori Norinaga and Restoration Shinto

145

(5)

The Meiji Restoration and Nationalistic Shinto

150

(11)

The Political and Religious Significance of the Meiji Restoration

150

(2)

The Attempt to Restore Shinto as the Only Japanese Religion

152

(2)

The Establishment of Nonreligious Shrine Shinto

154

(1)

Shrine Shinto as an Expression of Nationalistic Militarism

155

(6)

Religious Currents from 1868 to 1945

161

(11)

Buddhism: The Struggle for Renewal, Especially Within Buddhist Scholarship

162

(2)

Christianity: Strength and Weakness Since 1868

164

(4)

The New Religions: New Variations from Old Traditions

168

(4)

Two New Religions: Tenrikyo and Soka Gakkai

172

(12)

The Many New Religions: Differences and Similarities

173

(1)

Tenrikyo: A Living Kami and a Joyous Life

173

(4)

Soka Gakkai: Faith in the Lotus Sutra and a Happy Life

177

(3)

The Significance of the New Religions: Old Wine in New Bottles

180

(4)

Religion in Postwar Japan

184

(8)

Shinto: Disestalishment and Popular Disfavor

184

(2)

Buddhism: The Continuing Need for Renewal

186

(1)

Christianity: The Problems of Denominationalism

187

(1)

The Postwar Boom of New Religions

188

(4)

Religious Life in Contemporary Japan

192

(17)

Are the Japanese Religious?

192

(3)

Persistent Themes in Contemporary Japanese Religion

195

(3)

Approaches to Religious Change

198

(2)

Transformations of Religious Life in Contemporary Japan

200

(9)

Conclusion: The Challenge for Japanese Religion

209

(4)

Annotated Bibliography on Japanese Religion: Selected Works

213

(42)

Study Questions

255

(11)

Index

266

Japanese Religion : Unity and Diversity

9780534010287

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Table of Contents