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Juvenile Justice in America,9780138576165
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Juvenile Justice in America

by Clemens Bartollas; Stuart J. Miller
Edition:
2nd
ISBN13:

9780138576165

ISBN10:
0138576165
Format:
Hardcover
Pub. Date:
8/1/1997
Publisher(s):
Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
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Summary

Fully focused on the important issues, emerging trends, contemporary research, and special challenges facing juvenile justice today, this comprehensive exploration of the American juvenile justice system covers the history and philosophy of juvenile justice, the current practices for processing youthful offenders, the detention of juveniles, and the diversion of youth from the juvenile justice system. Unique in its approach, it gives students an " up-close and personal" view of the fascinating and sometimes tragic world of the juvenile offender-and the personal, psychological and thinking processes that characterize juvenile misbehavior. Comprehensive overview of juvenile justice system institutions and operations. Realistic look at the life of juveniles. Updated statistics, research studies, case studies, interviews & photographs. For anyone working anywhere within the juvenile justice system.

Table of Contents

PART I INTRODUCTION 1(136)
Chapter 1 Juvenile Justice: An Overview
1(30)
HISTORICAL THEMES OF JUVENILE JUSTICE
2(8)
The declining authority of the family. Reform and retrenchment. "Get tough" and "go soft" approaches. The threat of the "dangerous poor." The unsolvable nature of youth crime.
JUVENILE JUSTICE AGENCIES AND FUNCTIONS
10(1)
COMPARISON OF THE JUVENILE AND ADULT JUSTICE SYSTEMS
11(6)
The processing of the juvenile offender.
CHALLENGES TO THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
17
Conflicting philosophies and strategies on correcting juveniles. Fragmentation. Social injustice.
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
NOTES
Chapter 2 Research and Theory in Juvenile Justice
31(30)
APPROACHING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
33(3)
Project sophistication
Qualitative and quantitative data
Reliability and validity
Sampling
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
36(6)
Defining the problem
Reviewing the literature
Selecting the general research plan
Choosing the specific research design
Analyzing the data
Writing the report
PROMOTING RESEARCH IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
42(1)
THEORY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE
43(3)
Determinism versus free will in juvenile justice
LEVELS OF THEORY
46(5)
Grand or macro theory
Middle-range theory
Micro theory
APPROACHES TO THEORY
51(3)
Deductive theory
Inductive theory
Grounded theory
PROMOTING THEORY IN JUVENILE JUSTICE
54(2)
ISSUES IN RESEARCH AND THEORY
56
Funding
Implementation
Ethics
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
NOTES
Chapter 3 The Measurement of Juvenile Crime and Victimization
61(26)
OFFICIAL MEASUREMENTS OF JUVENILE CRIME
62(11)
Uniform Crime Reports
Juvenile court statistics
National victimization surveys
UNOFFICIAL MEASUREMENTS OF JUVENILE CRIME
73(4)
Self-report studies
Cohort studies
DIMENSIONS OF LAW-VIOLATING BEHAVIOR
77(2)
Age of onset
Escalation of offenses
Specialization of offenses
Desistance from crime
Transition to adult crime
JUVENILE VICTIMS
79
The maltreatment of children
Victimized at school
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
NOTES
Chapter 4 Profile of the Juvenile Offender
87(26)
PROBLEM BEHAVIORS AMONG ADOLESCENTS
88(2)
NONCRIMINAL YOUTHS
90(4)
Status offenders
Dependent and neglected children
IRRESPONSIBLE YOUTHS
94(3)
Naive offenders
Emotionally disturbed children
SITUATIONAL OFFENDERS
97(6)
Property offenders
Violent offenders
Drug addicts
CHRONIC OFFENDERS
103(6)
Prostitutes
Street gang members
QUALIFYING STATEMENTS
109
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
NOTES
Chapter 5 The Social Context of Youth Crime
113(24)
DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES
114(4)
Structural breakup of the family
Quality of home life
Child abuse and neglect
Substance abuse and mental health problems in the family
Adolescents' out-of-wedlock births
FAILURE IN SCHOOL
118(2)
ANTISOCIAL PEER RELATIONSHIPS
120(1)
TOXIC NEIGHBORHOODS AND THE UNDERCLASS
121(1)
HATE GROUPS
121(2)
Skinheads.
STREET GANGS
123(9)
Urban gangs.
CHAOS OF NEWTONIAN SOCIETY
132
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
NOTES
PART II THE SYSTEM AND EARLY DECISION MAKING 137(88)
Chapter 6 The Police
137(27)
THE HISTORY OF THE POLICE-JUVENILE RELATIONS
138(2)
JUVENILE ATTITUDES TOWARD THE POLICE
140(3)
PROCESSING THE JUVENILE OFFENDER
143(3)
Factors that influence police discretion.
Informal and formal dispositions of juvenile offenders.
POLICE AND THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF JUVENILES
146(5)
Search and seizure
Interrogation and confessions
Fingerprinting
Lineups and photographs
POLICE: ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS
151(3)
Departments without specialized units of personnel.
Departments with specialized units of personnel.
THE SPECIAL CHALLENGES OF COMMUNITY POLICING
154
Pursuing problem-oriented policing
Preventing drug use by school-age children.
Getting guns out of the hands of juveniles.
Participating in gang prevention and control strategies.
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
NOTES
Chapter 7 The Juvenile Court: Tradition, Change, and Procedure
164(29)
TRADITIONS BEHIND THE JUVENILE COURT
165(1)
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE COURT
166(2)
CHANGES IN LEGAL NORMS
168(6)
Kent V. United States.
In re Gault.
In re Winship
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania.
Breed v. Jones.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT: STRUCTURE AND PERSONNEL
174(3)
Juvenile court personnel.
PRETRIAL PROCEDURES
177(6)
The detention hearing
The intake procedure.
The transfer procedure.
THE JUVENILE TRIAL
183
The adjudicatory hearing.
The disposition hearing.
Judicial alternatives.
The right to appeal.
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
Chapter 8 The Juvenile Court: Limits of the Juvenile Sanction
193(32)
CHILDREN OR ADULTS?
194(2)
SOCIAL CONTROL AND THE STATUS OFFENDER
196(4)
Deinstitutionalization of status offenders.
Jurisdiction over status offenders.
MENTAL HEALTH PLACEMENT
200(2)
SENTENCING AND JUVENILES
202(3)
YOUTHFUL OFFENDER SYSTEM
205(1)
TRANSFER TO ADULT COURT
206(10)
Judicial waiver.
Prosecutorial discretions.
Statutorial exclusion.
Changing criteria for waiver.
Evaluation of waiver.
THE DEATH PENALTY FOR JUVENILES
216
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
PART III COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS 225(83)
Chapter 9 Juvenile Probation
225(26)
THE HISTORY OF PROBATION
226(3)
THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROBATION
229(2)
Probation subsidy.
PROBATION SERVICES
231(4)
Intake.
Investigation.
Supervision.
RISK CONTROL AND CRIME REDUCTION
235(5)
Restitution.
Intensive supervision.
House arrest and electronic monitoring.
Shock probation.
THE PROBATION OFFICER
240(5)
Role conflict.
Conflicting pressures.
Communication with clients.
THE RIGHTS OF PROBATIONERS
245(1)
VOLUNTEER PROBATION OFFICERS
246(1)
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBATION
247
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
Chapter 10 Community-Based Corrections
251(28)
THE HISTORY OF COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS
252(2)
COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS AND THE COMMUNITY
254(2)
DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
256(4)
Chicago Area Projects (CAP).
La Playa de Ponce.
Program Development Evaluation (PDE).
FOSTER CARE
260(1)
DIVERSION
261(4)
The Youth Service Bureaus (YSB).
Runaway centers.
Elan.
Gang intervention programs.
DAY TREATMENT PROGRAMS
265(3)
Associated Marine Institute (AMI).
Project New Pride.
GROUP HOMES
268(2)
SURVIVAL PROGRAMS
270(4)
Outward Bound.
Vision Quest.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMS
274
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
Chapter 11 Juvenile Aftercare
279(29)
THE DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF JUVENILE AFTERCARE
280(2)
The history of aftercare.
Aftercare objectives.
THE OPERATION OF JUVENILE AFTERCARE
282(15)
The prediction and reduction of recidivism.
The reentry process.
Length of aftercare supervision.
Risk control and crime reduction.
Community experience.
THE AFTERCARE OFFICER
297(5)
Supervision of parolees.
The revocation of aftercare.
INTERSTATE COMPACTS
302(1)
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AFTERCARE
303
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
PART IV INSTITUTIONALIZATION 308(46)
Chapter 12 Juvenile Institutionalization
308(32)
THE HISTORY OF JUVENILE CONFINEMENT
309(6)
The house of refuge.
The reformatory or training school.
Twentieth-century changes.
Brutal treatment and critical response.
Institutional reforms.
SHORT-TERM CONFINEMENT
315(3)
Jails.
Detention centers.
Shelter care facilities.
LONG-TERM CONFINEMENT
318(12)
Reception and diagnostic centers.
Ranches and forestry camps.
Training schools.
THE RIGHTS OF CONFINED OFFENDERS
330(2)
The right to treatment.
Right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Right to a fair release from institutional confinement.
THE STAFF RESPONSE
332
Staff levels.
The superintendent.
Working in a juvenile correctional setting.
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
Chapter 13 Life on the Inside
340(14)
THE INITIAL TRAUMAS
341(3)
Initial interactions with peers.
The pains of confinement.
THE AVERAGE DAY
344(1)
GETTING WITH THE PROGRAM
345(1)
THE RESIDENTIAL SOCIAL SYSTEM
346(2)
Aggressive roles.
Manipulative roles.
Passive roles.
Family social structure.
Variables affecting the selection of social roles.
JUVENILE VICTIMIZATION
348(1)
COPING WITH CONFINEMENT
349(1)
GOING ON TO ADULT PRISON
350(1)
THE IMPACT OF JUVENILE INSTITUTIONALIZATION
351
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
PART V TREATMENT AND NEW DIRECTIONS 354(51)
Chapter 14 Treatment Technologies
354(31)
THE TREATMENT DEBATE
355(2)
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENDERS
357(1)
TREATMENT MODALITIES
358(17)
Psychotherapy.
Transactional analysis.
Reality therapy.
Behavior modification.
Family therapy.
Skill development programs.
Guided group interaction.
Positive peer culture.
Drug and alcohol abuse interventions.
Errors in thinking approach.
Law-related education.
Gang deactivation groups.
THE ISSUES OF TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS
375
Ingredients of effective programs.
Strategy for improving the effectiveness of correctional programs.
What works for whom and in what context.
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
Chapter 15 Toward a New Vision of Juvenile Justice
385(20)
BASIC PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY AFFECTING YOUTHS AT RISK
386(3)
The family.
The socioeconomic structure.
The neighborhood.
The school.
The gang.
Youth attitudes.
WHAT MAKES IT HARD FOR A JUVENILE OFFENDER TO "GO STRAIGHT"
389(5)
Habilitation.
Healing.
Hope.
Honor.
PROBLEMS IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE
394(3)
JUVENILE JUSTICE AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
397(1)
A POST-NEWTONIAN RESPONSE TO YOUTH CRIME
398(2)
Explanations of youth crime.
CREDO TO ACHIEVE THIS VISION
400
Individual changes.
Systemic changes in juvenile justice.
Structural changes in modern society.
SUMMARY.
KEY TERMS.
QUESTIONS.
NOTES.
Index 405


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