9780534630201

Foreword,

xxi

Preface,

xxiii

PART I Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System

1 Separate Justice: Philosophical and Historical Roots of the Juvenile Justice System,

(41)

Introduction,

(1)

Social Control in Early Societies,

(2)

Developments in England,

(3)

The Middle Ages (A.D. 500-1500),

(1)

The Feudal Period,

(1)

The Renaissance,

(1)

The Reform Movement,

(1)

The Development of Juvenile Justice in the United States,

(1)

The Puritan Period (1646-1824),

(2)

Highlights of the Puritan Period Reform,

(1)

Refuge Period (1824-1899),

(1)

Houses of Refuge,

(5)

Reform Schools,

(1)

Foster Homes,

(1)

The Child Savers,

(1)

Other Developments during the Refuge Period,

(1)

Highlights of the Refuge Period Reform,

(1)

The Juvenile Court Period (1899-1960),

(7)

The 1899 Juvenile Court Act,

(4)

Early Efforts at Diversion: The Chicago Boy's Court and Youth Counsel Bureau, l

Federal Government Concern and Involvement,

(2)

Highlights of Juvenile Court Period Reform,

(1)

The Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980),

(12)

The Four D's of Juvenile Justice,

(1)

The Kent Decision,

(1)

The Gault Decision,

(1)

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice,

(1)

Youth Service Bureaus,

(1)

The Uniform Juvenile Court Act,

(1)

The White House Conference on Youth,

(1)

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act,

(1)

A Return to Due Process Issues: Other Landmark Cases,

(2)

The Issue of Right to Treatment,

(1)

Decriminalization of Status Offenses,

(1)

Development of Standards for Juvenile Justice,

(1)

Highlights of juvenile Rights Period Reform,

(1)

The Crime Control Period (1980-Present),

(3)

Schall v, Martin (1984) and Preventive Detention,

(1)

The Evolution of Child, Parent and State Relationships,

(1)

Still Evolving,

(2)

Summary,

(2)

Discussion Questions,

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

(1)

Internet Assignments,

(1)

References,

(1)

Cases Cited,

(1)

2 The Theories behind the Evolution of the Contemporary Juvenile Justice Process,

(29)

Introduction,

(1)

Justice,

(1)

Justice and the Law,

(1)

Purposes of Law,

(3)

Consensus Theory,

(2)

Conflict Theory,

(1)

Contemporary Perspectives on Justice and Punishment,

(1)

Two Competing World Views,

(3)

The Classical World View,

(2)

The Positivist World View,

(1)

Causes of Crime and Delinquency: An Overview,

(9)

Biological Theories,

(2)

Psychological Theories,

(1)

Sociological Theories,

(4)

Critical Theories,

(1)

Conclusion,

(1)

The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System Structure and Process,

(5)

The Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems Compared,

(1)

Caseflow through the Juvenile Justice System,

(4)

The Justice System and Community Policing,

(1)

The Complexity of the Juvenile Justice System,

(1)

Summary,

(2)

Discussion Questions,

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

(1)

Internet Assignments,

(1)

References,

(1)

Helpful Resource,

(1)

PART II Our Nation's Youths: A Challenge to the Justice System

3 Growth and Development: The First 18 Years,

(36)

Introduction,

(2)

Youths, Parens Patriae and the Juvenile Court's Jurisdiction,

(1)

Child Development -A Brief Overview,

(4)

The Critical First Three Years,

(1)

The Next 10 Years,

(3)

Children Living in Poverty,

(1)

Homelessness,

(1)

Victims of Lead Poisoning,

(1)

Children with Special Needs,

(2)

Emotionally/Behaviorally Disturbed Children,

(1)

Youths with, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,

(1)

Youths with Learning Disabilities,

(1)

Youths Exposed to Drugs, Alcohol or HIV Prenatally,

(1)

Adolescence,

(5)

The Influence of Early Work Experiences and Delinquency,

(1)

Youths Who Abuse Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drugs,

(1)

Teen Pregnancy,

(1)

The Influence of Family,

(5)

The Family as the First Teacher,

(1)

American Child-Rearing Rights and Parenting Practices,

(1)

Socialization,

(1)

Values,

(1)

Family-Related Risk Factors and the Disintegration of the Traditional Family,

(1)

Family Size and Sibling Influence,

(1)

Children Facing Special Challenges,

(1)

The Influence of the School,

(8)

Origins of U.S. Public Schools,

(1)

The Current Focus of Schools,

(1)

Values and the School,

(1)

The Importance of Success in School,

(1)

How Schools Promote Failure,

(1)

Student Response to Failure,

(1)

The Link between Delinquency and the Schools,

(1)

Problems Facing Schools,

(2)

Schools' Responses,

(1)

Students' Rights within the School,

(1)

The Influence of the Community,

100

(1)

Full-Service Community Schools,

101

(1)

Summary,

102

(1)

Discussion Questions,

103

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

103

(1)

Internet Assignments,

104

(1)

References,

104

(1)

Cases Cited,

105

(2)

4 Neglected, Abused, Victimized and Missing Children and Youths,

,106

Introduction,

107

(1)

Defining Child Maltreatment and Rating Its Severity,

108

(1)

Neglected Children,

109

(1)

Indicators of Neglect,

110

(1)

Physically or Emotionally Abused Children,

110

(8)

Historical Roots of Abuse,

111

(1)

Child Abuse and Neglect Laws,

112

(1)

The Causes of Abuse,

113

(1)

Indicators of Physical Abuse,

114

(1)

Indicators of Emotional Abuse,

115

(1)

The Seriousness of the Problem,

115

(1)

Three Levels of Abuse,

116

(1)

Child Abuse and the Link with Delinquency,

117

(1)

Sexually Harassed or Abused Children,

118

(4)

Indicators of Sexual Abuse,

119

(1)

The Consequences of Being Sexually Abused,

119

(1)

Sexual Abuse and the Internet,

120

(1)

Cultural Values and Sexual Abuse,

120

(1)

The Issue of Credibility,

121

(1)

Ritualistic Abuse by Satanic Cults,

122

(1)

Children and Youths as Victims of Crime and Violence,

122

(4)

Victimization and Routine Activity Theory,

123

(1)

Witnessing Violence,

123

(1)

Domestic Violence,

124

(1)

The Cycle of Violence,

124

(2)

Missing and Exploited Children,

126

(7)

Missing Benign Explanation,

128

(1)

Missing Involuntary, Lost or Injured,

128

(1)

Runaway/Thrownaway,

129

(2)

Nonfamily Abduction,

131

(1)

Stereotypical Kidnapping,

131

(1)

Family Abduction,

131

(1)

Responsibility for Investigating Missing and Exploited Children,

132

(1)

Youths and Suicide,

133

(1)

Summary,

134

(1)

Discussion Questions,

134

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

135

(1)

Internet Assignments,

135

(1)

References,

135

(2)

Cases Cited,

137

(1)

5 Status Offenders and Nonviolent Delinquents,

138

(28)

Introduction,

139

(1)

Measuring the Number of Juvenile Offenses Committed,

139

(2)

Official Data,

139

(1)

Self-Reports,

140

(1)

Victimization Data,

141

(1)

Status Offenders,

141

(6)

Running Away,

141

(1)

Truancy,

142

(1)

Curfew Violations,

142

(1)

Early Substance Use,

143

(3)

The Decline in Arrests for Status Offenses,

146

(1)

Other Problem Behaviors,

146

(1)

A Key Issue,

147

(1)

Juvenile Delinquents,

147

(8)

Profile of Delinquency,

147

(1)

Juvenile Arrest Statistics and Delinquency Rates,

148

(5)

Vandalism,

153

(1)

Burglary,

154

(1)

Arson,

154

(1)

Larceny-Theft,

154

(1)

Motor Vehicle Theft,

155

(1)

The Decline in Arrests of Juveniles for Property Crimes,

155

(1)

A Brief Recap of the Causes of Delinquency,

155

(3)

Developmental Pathways,

158

(4)

At-Risk Behaviors and Circumstances,

162

(1)

Summary,

162

(2)

Discussion Questions,

164

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

164

(1)

Internet Assignments,

164

(1)

References,

164

(1)

Helpful Resource,

165

(1)

6 Serious, Chronic and Violent Juvenile Offenders,

166

(42)

Introduction,

167

(1)

Definitions,

168

(1)

Chronic Juvenile Offenders,

168

(1)

Risk Factors,

169

(1)

Violent Juvenile Offenders,

169

(4)

Serious Child Delinquency,

170

(1)

Violent Adolescent Females,

170

(1)

Predictors of Youth Violence,

171

(1)

Myths about Youth Violence,

172

(1)

Antisocial Personality Disorders,

173

(3)

Psychopathic/Sociopathic Behavior,

173

(2)

Conduct Disorders,

175

(1)

Guns and Juveniles,

176

(2)

Violent Juvenile Crime,

178

(5)

Murder,

179

(1)

Forcible Rape,

179

(3)

Robbery,

182

(1)

Aggravated Assault,

182

(1)

The Decline in Juvenile Arrests for Violent Index Crimes,

182

(1)

School Crime and Violence,

183

(3)

Bullying,

184

(1)

School Shootings,

185

(1)

Gang Violence,

186

(14)

Definitions,

187

(1)

Illegal Activity,

188

(1)

Causes of Gangs and Why Youths Join Them,

188

(6)

Precursors to Gang Membership,

194

(1)

Types of Gangs,

194

(3)

Gang Structure-Leadership and Organization,

197

(1)

Gang Myths,

198

(2)

The Public Health Model and the Juvenile Justice Perspective,

200

(1)

Analyzing and Organizing Risk Factors for Violent Behavior,

201

(2)

Violence and the Media,

203

(1)

Summary,

203

(1)

Discussion Questions,

204

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

204

(1)

Internet Assignments,

205

(1)

References,

205

(2)

Helpful Resource,

207

(1)

PART III The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System

7 The Law Enforcement Response to Abused and Neglected Children and Status Offenders,

208

(38)

Introduction,

209

(1)

Neglected and Abused Children,

209

(3)

Challenges to Investigation,

210

(1)

Sample Protocol,

211

(1)

Improving the Law Enforcement Response to Child Abuse/Neglect,

212

(1)

Missing Children: Runaway or Abducted?,

212

(1)

Parental Abductions,

213

(2)

Resources Available,

214

(1)

Police Dispositions of Status Offenders,

215

(10)

Police Discretion and the Initial Contact,

215

(1)

Taken into Custody,

216

(4)

The Juvenile Holdover,

220

(2)

Detention,

222

(2)

Intake,

224

(1)

Prosecution,

224

(1)

Overrepresentation Issues,

225

(1)

Status Offenders,

225

(8)

Curfew Violations and Loitering,

225

(1)

Truants,

226

(2)

Disorderly Youths in Public Places,

228

(1)

Runaways,

228

(1)

Underage Drinking,

229

(2)

Juveniles and Drug Use,

231

(2)

Police as Mentors to Troubled Youths,

233

(1)

Prevention Strategies,

234

(5)

Early Efforts at Delinquency Prevention,

234

(1)

Evolution of Prevention Programs,

234

(1)

Police-School Liaison Program to School Resource Officers (SROs),

235

(1)

Goals of School Resource Officer Programs,

236

(3)

The Importance of Teachers in Delinquency Prevention Programs, 239

Other Programs,

239

(1)

The Officer on the Street and Youths' Attitudes,

239

(2)

Coordination of Efforts and Community Policing,

241

(1)

Responding to a Changing Society,

242

(1)

Summary,

242

(1)

Discussion Questions,

243

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

243

(1)

Internet Assignments,

244

(1)

References,

244

(2)

8 The Law Enforcement Response to Violent Juvenile Offenders,

246

(46)

Introduction,

247

(1)

Guns and Youths,

247

(4)

The Boston Gun Project, Operation Ceasefire,

247

(2)

Directed Patrol,

249

(1)

Youth Firearms Violence Initiative,

250

(1)

Project Safe Neighborhoods,

251

(1)

Violent Juvenile Crime,

251

(4)

Fingerprinting and Photographing Juveniles,

253

(1)

A Comprehensive Approach,

254

(1)

School Crime and Violence,

255

(13)

Bullying,

255

(1)

School Shooters,

256

(2)

In Search of Safer Schools,

258

(7)

Community Policing and School Violence,

265

(1)

The South Euclid School Bullying Project,

265

(3)

Law Enforcement's Response to Gangs,

268

(20)

The Importance of Definitions,

268

(1)

Recognizing a Gang Problem,

268

(1)

Identifying Gang Members,

268

(6)

Domain Identification,

274

(1)

Gangs in Schools,

274

(2)

Gangs and Drugs,

276

(1)

Investigating Gangs' Illegal Activities,

277

(1)

Obtaining and Recording Information,

277

(2)

Educational Approaches to the Gang Problem,

279

(1)

Efforts to Address Existing Gang Problems,

280

(7)

Gangs and Community Policing,

287

(1)

When to Start?,

287

(1)

Prosecution,

287

(1)

Summary,

288

(1)

Discussion Questions,

288

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

289

(1)

Internet Assignments,

289

(1)

References,

289

(2)

Useful Resource,

291

(1)

9 The Juvenile Court and Alternatives at Intake,

292

(40)

Introduction,

293

(1)

Basic Philosophy of Juvenile Court,

293

(3)

Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARD) Clauses,

294

(1)

Standard Juvenile Court Act Clauses,

294

(1)

Legislative Guide Clauses,

294

(1)

Clauses Emphasizing Punishment, Deterrence, Accountability and/or Public Safety,

295

(1)

Clauses with Traditional Child Welfare Emphasis,

295

(1)

The Justice Model vs. the Welfare Model,

295

(1)

Jurisdiction of the Juvenile Court,

296

(3)

Factors Determining Jurisdiction,

296

(2)

Other Cases within Juvenile Court Jurisdiction,

298

(1)

Offenses Excluded from Juvenile Court Jurisdiction,

298

(1)

Venue and Transfer,

299

(1)

Types of Juvenile Courts,

299

(1)

Characteristics of the Juvenile Court,

299

(1)

Court Action for Neglected and Abused Children,

300

(2)

An Overview of the Juvenile Court Process,

302

(3)

Custody and Detention,

302

(3)

Intake,

305

(1)

Transfer to Criminal Court,

305

(8)

Exclusion and Concurrent jurisdiction,

306

(1)

Waiver,

306

(2)

Certification,

308

(3)

Reverse Certification,

311

(1)

Juveniles and Capital Punishment,

311

(2)

Diversion from Juvenile Court,

313

(15)

Specialized Courts,

314

(7)

Forms of Restorative Justice,

321

(7)

Net Widening,

328

(1)

Summary,

328

(1)

Discussion Questions,

329

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

329

(1)

Internet Assignments,

329

(1)

References,

330

(1)

Cases Cited,

331

(1)

10 The Juvenile Court in Action,

332

(30)

Introduction,

333

(1)

Youths Brought before the Juvenile Court,

333

(1)

Status Offenders,

333

(1)

Delinquents,

333

(1)

Processing of Juvenile Cases,

334

(2)

Petition and Summons,

335

(1)

The Juvenile Court Team,

336

(2)

The Rights of Those Being Adjudicated,

338

(1)

Hearings in Juvenile Court,

339

(11)

The Conference,

339

(1)

The Adjudication Hearing,

340

(2)

The Dispositional Hearing,

342

(4)

Dispositions,

346

(4)

Issues Facing Juvenile Courts-Dilemmas and Criticisms,

350

(8)

The Fundamental Nature of Juvenile Court,

352

(1)

Criminalization of Juvenile Court,

353

(1)

Quality of Representation,

354

(1)

Racism and Discrimination,

355

(1)

Gender Discrimination,

356

(1)

Gang Membership-Master Status,

356

(1)

Confidentiality Issues,

356

(2)

Proposed Changes to Improve the Juvenile Justice Court System,

358

(1)

Summary,

359

(1)

Discussion Questions,

360

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

360

(1)

Internet Assignments,

361

(1)

References,

361

(1)

Cases Cited,

361

(1)

11 The Response of Corrections,

362

(50)

Introduction,

363

(1)

Graduated Sanctions,

364

(1)

The Right to Treatment,

365

(3)

Conservative and Liberal Philosophies of Corrections,

366

(2)

Intermediate Sanctions,

368

(1)

Probation,

368

(7)

Supervision,

371

(1)

The Probation Officer,

371

(1)

The Current Role of Probation Officers,

371

(1)

Problems with Probation,

372

(2)

Privatizing Juvenile Probation Services,

374

(1)

Community Corrections Model for Probation,

374

(1)

Drug Testing and Probation,

375

(1)

Intensive Supervision,

375

(2)

Community-Based Corrections Programs,

377

(3)

Community Service,

378

(1)

Nonresidential Day Treatment Alternatives,

378

(1)

Nonsecure Residential Programs,

379

(1)

The Dilemma of Community Programs,

380

(1)

Detention Facilities,

380

(7)

Training Schools,

383

(1)

Electronic Monitoring and Home Detention,

383

(1)

Boot Camps,

383

(4)

Institutionalization,

387

(15)

Juveniles in Public Institutions,

387

(1)

Juveniles in Private Institutions,

387

(3)

Social Structure within Correctional Institutions,

390

(1)

Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC),

391

(2)

Prison Gangs,

393

(1)

Conditions of Confinement,

394

(1)

Improving Conditions,

395

(3)

Youthful Offender Programs,

398

(3)

Incarcerated Juvenile Females,

401

(1)

Juveniles Sentenced to Adult Institutions,

402

(2)

The Impact of Incarceration,

403

(1)

Parole,

404

(1)

Aftercare,

405

(3)

Examples of Effective Aftercare,

406

(2)

Summary,

408

(1)

Discussion Questions,

409

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

409

(1)

Internet Assignments,

410

(1)

References,

410

(1)

Cases Cited,

411

(1)

12 The Juvenile Justice System's Reliance on the Broader Community,

412

(32)

Introduction,

413

(1)

Community Defined,

413

(2)

Perceptions of Community,

415

(1)

Community Justice,

415

(3)

Community Policing,

416

(1)

Community Prosecution,

417

(1)

Community Courts,

417

(1)

Community Corrections,

418

(1)

The Role of Social Workers and Social Services,

418

(2)

Current Emphasis,

420

(1)

Federal Agencies and Programs to Assist Communities,

420

(6)

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP),

420

(4)

The National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD),

424

(1)

Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,

424

(2)

The International Association of Chiefs of Police, the Child Welfare League of America and the National Children's Alliance Summit,

426

(1)

The National Children's Advocacy Center,

426

(1)

Building Blocks for Youth,

426

(1)

Partnerships between Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Services,

426

(1)

Partnerships with the Schools,

427

(7)

The School/Law Enforcement Partnership,

430

(1)

Teaching Conflict Resolution and Mediation Skills,

430

(2)

Project ACHIEVE,

432

(1)

The Career Academy Concept,

432

(1)

YouthBuild U.S.A.,

433

(1)

Partnerships of Community Agencies, Businesses and Volunteers,

434

(7)

Community Partnerships and Volunteers,

437

(1)

School Activities, Community Service and Delinquency,

438

(1)

Jobs and Restitution,

439

(1)

Linked Strategies,

440

(1)

Summary,

441

(1)

Discussion Questions,

441

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

442

(1)

Internet Assignments,

442

(1)

References,

442

(2)

PART IV 21st Century Approaches to Delinquency

13 Approaches to Juvenile Crime Prevention,

444

(52)

Introduction,

445

(1)

Prevention Defined,

446

(1)

Classification of Prevention Approaches,

446

(2)

Prevention vs. Control,

446

(1)

Three Levels of Delinquency Prevention,

446

(2)

Preventing Delinquency through Improved Child Protection Services (CPS),

448

(3)

Delinquency Prevention through Councils,

450

(1)

Which Youths to Target,

451

(1)

Prevention and the Public Health Model,

451

(1)

Prevention as an Attack on Causes,

452

(1)

Blueprints for Violence Prevention Initiative,

453

(2)

Preserving Families to Prevent Delinquency,

455

(3)

Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses,

455

(1)

The Incredible Years Series,

456

(2)

Preventing Child Neglect and Abuse,

458

(3)

Recommendations of the Metropolitan Court Judges Committee,

459

(2)

Parents Connecting with their Teenagers,

461

(1)

Programs in the Schools-Blueprints for Violence Prevention,

461

(4)

Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS),

461

(1)

Bullying Prevention Program,

462

(1)

Quantum Opportunities Program,

463

(1)

Life Skills Training,

464

(1)

Midwestern Prevention Project,

465

(1)

Other School-Based Programs,

465

(9)

Coalition for Juvenile Justice,

465

(1)

Alternative Schools,

466

(1)

Communities in Schools (CIS),

467

(1)

The Alternative to Suspension Program (ASP),

467

(1)

The YouthARTS Development Project,

467

(1)

Culinary Education and Training Program for At-Risk Youths (CETARY),

467

(3)

Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SSHS) Program,

470

(1)

Truancy Reduction: The ACT Now Program,

470

(1)

Project H.E.L.P: High Expectations Learning Program,

470

(1)

Programs to Raise Minority Academic Achievement,

471

(1)

OJJDP Exemplary Programs in the Schools,

472

(1)

Quality of School-Based Prevention Programs,

473

(1)

General Delinquency Prevention Programs,

474

(3)

Bringing Young People into Civic Life,

476

(1)

After-School Programs,

476

(1)

Violence Prevention,

477

(3)

Reducing Gun Violence,

478

(2)

Drug Prevention Programs,

480

(7)

DARE,

480

(1)

The National Commission on Drug-Free Schools,

480

(1)

National Crime Prevention Council Programs,

481

(1)

Parents: The Anti-Drug,

482

(1)

A Reality-Based Approach to Drug Education,

483

(1)

Promising Practices: Drug-Free Communities Support Program,

483

(1)

Substance Abuse Prevention Programs for American Indians,

484

(1)

Drug Testing in Schools,

485

(2)

Mentoring,

487

(1)

Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP),

487

(1)

Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBSA),

487

(1)

Gang Prevention,

488

(3)

Antigang Programs,

489

(2)

What Works in Preventing Delinquency and Violence?,

491

(1)

A Caution Regarding Net Widening,

492

(1)

Summary,

492

(1)

Discussion Questions,

493

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

493

(1)

Internet Assignments,

494

(1)

References,

494

(2)

14 Approaches to Treatment,

496

(50)

Introduction,

497

(1)

Treatment as Tertiary Prevention,

498

(2)

Characteristics of Effective Intervention Programs,

500

(3)

Treatment Programs for Children and Juveniles Who Have Been Abused,

503

(5)

Treatment Recommendations of the Metropolitan Court Judges Committee,

505

(1)

Service Recommendations,

505

(1)

Permanency Recommendations,

506

(2)

Delinquent Youths Needing Treatment in the Juvenile Justice System,

508

(1)

The Community Assessment Center Concept,

509

(4)

Key Elements of the Community Assessment Center,

509

(2)

Reasons to Develop an Assessment Center,

511

(1)

Goals of an Assessment Center,

511

(1)

Potential Problems,

512

(1)

Diversion Alternatives-Community-Based Treatment Programs,

513

(1)

Second Chance Camps,

513

(1)

Collaborative Efforts,

514

(1)

Operation Night Light,

514

(1)

The Coordinated Agency Network,

514

(1)

Exemplary Programs,

515

(3)

Juvenile Intervention Project, Colorado,

515

(1)

Juvenile Detention Center, Western Nebraska Juvenile Services,

515

(1)

Partnership for Learning, Inc., Maryland,

516

(1)

Fremont County Youth Services, Wyoming,

516

(1)

Earn-It Project, New Hampshire,

516

(1)

Juvenile Work Restitution, Alabama,

517

(1)

Prosocial Gang, New York,

517

(1)

Sex Offender Assessment, Ohio,

517

(1)

Study of Serious Juvenile Offenders, Virginia,

517

(1)

The OJJDP's Guiding Principles for a Comprehensive Strategy,

518

(1)

Blueprints for Violence Prevention Initiatives Focused on Treatment,

518

(4)

Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care,

519

(1)

Functional Family Therapy,

520

(1)

Multisystemic Therapy,

521

(1)

Targeting Youths at High Risk,

522

(17)

Treatment for Child Delinquents,

522

(2)

Treatment for Serious, Repeat Juvenile Offenders,

524

(2)

Treatment for Truants,

526

(1)

OJJDP Demonstration Sites,

527

(2)

Treatment for Youths with Mental Illness,

529

(1)

Treatment for Drug and Alcohol Abusers,

530

(4)

Treatment for Juvenile Sex Offenders,

534

(3)

Treatment for Gang Members,

537

(2)

Punitive Treatments,

539

(1)

Resiliency as a Treatment Approach,

539

(2)

Resilience and Second Chances,

540

(1)

Summary,

541

(2)

Discussion Questions,

543

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Assignments,

543

(1)

Internet Assignments,

543

(1)

References,

544

(2)

Epilogue Juvenile Justice at the Crossroads-100 Years Later,

546

(5)

Glossary,

551

(14)

Index,

565

(28)

Credits,

593

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Juvenile Justice (with InfoTrac)

0534630200

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