Keys to Effective Learning

by Carter, Carol; Bishop, Joyce; Kravits, Sarah Lyman; Bucher, Richard D.

ISBN13:

9780130128829

ISBN10:

0130128821

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

11/1/1999

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Summary

For Freshman Orientation and Student Success courses with an emphasis on study skills. This book focuses on developing effective learning techniques to help students excel in school, in their careers and throughout their lives as lifelong learners. Unlike traditional study skills texts, this one emphasizes how students learn effectively by involving them in the active process of mastering their mental abilities and their personal confidence.

Foreword

xiii

Preface

Acknowledgments

xix

Supplements

xxiii

About the Authors

xxvii

Part 1 Defining Yourself and Your Goals

Becoming a Lifelong Learner: Opening Doors

(38)

Thinking It Through

(1)

Who Is Pursuing an Education Today?

(1)

The Diverse Student Body

(1)

How Does Education Promote Success?

(2)

What Resources Are Available at Your School?

(8)

People

(1)

Student Services

(1)

Organizations

(3)

Literature

(1)

Technology

(1)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

(1)

How Can You Strive for Success?

(5)

Get Motivated

(1)

Make a Commitment

(1)

Show Initiative

(1)

Be Responsible

(1)

Face Your Fears

(1)

How Can You Build Your Self-esteem?

(3)

Think Positively

(1)

Take Action

(1)

Academic Integrity

(1)

What Is Your Role in a Diverse World?

(18)

Diversity Is Real Life

(1)

Diversity and Teamwork

(1)

Living Your Role

(1)

Important Points to Remember

(14)

Goal Setting and Time Management: Mapping Your Course

(38)

Thinking It Through

(1)

What Defines Your Values?

(1)

Choosing and Evaluating Values

(1)

How Values Relate to Goals

(6)

How Do You Set and Achieve Goals?

(1)

Identifying Your Personal Mission Statement

(1)

Placing Goals in Time

(3)

Linking Goals with Values

(1)

Different Kinds of Goals

(2)

What Are Your Priorities?

(4)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

(2)

How Can You Manage Your Time?

(7)

Building a Schedule

(3)

Taking Responsibility for How You Spend Your Time

(2)

Being Flexible

(1)

Why Is Procrastination a Problem?

(19)

Anti-procrastination Strategies

(2)

Important Points to Remember

(17)

Self-awareness: Knowing Who You Are and How You Learn

(34)

Thinking It Through

(1)

Is There One Best Way to Learn?

(1)

How Can You Discover Your Learning Styles?

(4)

Multiple Intelligences Theory

(3)

The Reasonable Approach to Learning Style

(1)

What Are the Benefits of Knowing Your Learning Styles?

(7)

Study Benefits

(3)

Classroom Benefits

(1)

General Benefits

(2)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

(1)

How Do You Explore Who You Are?

(5)

Self-perception

(1)

Interests

(1)

Habits

(1)

Abilities

(1)

How Can You Start Thinking about Choosing a Major?

(17)

Exploring Potential Majors

(1)

Planning Your Curriculum

(1)

Linking Majors to Career Areas

(1)

Changing Majors

(1)

Important Points to Remember

100

(13)

PART 2 Setting the Stage for Learning

Critical and Creative Thinking: Tapping the Power of Your Mind

113

(42)

Thinking It Through

113

(1)

What Is Critical Thinking?

114

(7)

A Critical-Thinking Response to a Statement

115

(1)

The Value of Critical Thinking

116

(1)

Learning How Your Mind Works Through the Thinktrix

117

(3)

How Mind Actions Build Thinking Processes

120

(1)

How Does Critical Thinking Help You Solve Problems and Make Decisions?

121

(7)

Problem Solving

121

(2)

Decision Making

123

(3)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

126

(2)

How Do You Construct an Effective Argument?

128

(1)

How Do You Establish Truth?

128

(4)

Distinguishing Fact from Opinion

129

(1)

Challenging Assumptions

130

(2)

Why Shift Your Perspective?

132

(2)

Why Plan Strategically?

134

(1)

How Can You Develop Your Creativity?

135

(3)

Characteristics of Creative People

136

(1)

Enhancing Your Creativity

136

(1)

Brainstorming Toward a Creative Answer

137

(1)

Creativity and Critical Thinking

137

(1)

What Is Media Literacy?

138

(17)

Important Points to Remember

140

(15)

Reading and Studying: Your Keys to Knowledge

155

(44)

Thinking It Through

155

(1)

What Challenges Does College Reading Present?

156

(9)

Working Through Difficult Texts

156

(1)

Managing Distractions

157

(2)

Building Comprehension and Speed

159

(3)

Expanding Your Vocabulary

162

(3)

Why Define Your Purpose for Reading?

165

(3)

Purpose Determines Reading Strategy

165

(1)

Purpose Determines Pace

166

(1)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

166

(2)

How Can SQ3R Help You Own What You Read?

168

(6)

Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review (SQ3R)

168

(4)

Putting SQ3R to Work

172

(2)

How Can You Respond Critically to What You Read?

174

(4)

Use SQ3R to ``Taste'' Reading Material

174

(1)

Ask Questions Based on the Mind Actions

175

(1)

Engage Critical-Thinking Processes

176

(1)

Be Media Literate

177

(1)

Seek Understanding

178

(1)

How and Why Should You Study with Others?

178

(3)

Benefits

178

(2)

Strategies for Study Group Success

180

(1)

How Can You ``Read'' Visual Aids?

181

(18)

Understanding Tables

181

(1)

Understanding Charts

182

(2)

Important Points to Remember

184

(15)

Listening and Memory: Taking In and Remembering Information

199

(38)

Thinking It Through

199

(1)

How Can You Become a Better Listener?

200

(9)

Know the Stages of Listening

202

(1)

Manage Listening Challenges

203

(2)

Become an Active Listener

205

(3)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

208

(1)

How Does Memory Work?

209

(1)

How Can You Improve Your Memory?

210

(7)

Use Specific Memory Strategies

211

(5)

Make the Most of Last-Minute Studying

216

(1)

Use Critical Thinking

217

(1)

How Can You Use Mnemonic Devices to Boost Memory Power?

217

(5)

Create Visual Images and Associations

219

(2)

Create Acronyms

221

(1)

How Can Tape Recorders Help You Listen and Remember?

222

(15)

Important Points to Remember

224

(13)

PART 3 Targeting Success in School

Note Taking and Library Research: Learning from Others

237

(42)

Thinking It Through

237

(1)

How Does Taking Notes Help You?

238

(1)

How Can You Make the Most of Class Notes?

239

(4)

Preparing to Take Class Notes

239

(1)

What to Do During Class

239

(2)

Make Notes a Valuable After-Class Reference

241

(2)

What Are Research Notes and How Can You Use Them?

243

(1)

What Note-Taking System Should You Use?

244

(6)

Taking Notes in Outline Form

245

(2)

Using the Cornell Note-Taking System

247

(1)

Creating a Think Link

248

(2)

Other Visual Note-Taking Strategies

250

(1)

How Can You Write Faster When Taking Notes?

250

(4)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

252

(2)

How Can You Make the Most of Your Library?

254

(4)

Start with a Road Map

254

(1)

Learn How to Conduct an Information Search

255

(3)

How Do You Use a Search Strategy to Conduct Research?

258

(21)

Use General Reference Works

258

(1)

Search Specialized Reference Works

259

(1)

Browse Through Books on Your Subject

260

(1)

Use Periodical Indexes to Search for Periodicals

261

(2)

Search the Internet

263

(1)

Ask the Librarian

263

(1)

Use Critical Thinking to Evaluate Every Source

264

(1)

Important Points to Remember

265

(14)

Effective Writing: Communicating Your Message

279

(40)

Thinking It Through

279

(1)

Why Does Good Writing Matter?

280

(1)

What Are the Elements of Effective Writing?

281

(4)

Writing Purpose

282

(1)

Knowing Your Audience

282

(2)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

284

(1)

What Is the Writing Process?

285

(34)

Planning

285

(7)

Drafting

292

(5)

Revising

297

(4)

Editing

301

(4)

Important Points to Remember

305

(14)

Test Taking: Showing What You Know

319

(36)

Thinking It Through

319

(1)

How Can Preparation Help Improve Test Scores?

320

(7)

Identify Test Type and Materials Covered

320

(1)

Choose Study Materials

321

(1)

Set a Study Schedule

321

(1)

Prepare Through Critical Thinking

321

(1)

Take a Pretest

322

(1)

Create an Organized Study Plan

322

(1)

Prepare Physically

322

(1)

Work Through Test Anxiety

322

(4)

Studying for a Test When There Are Children Around

326

(1)

What General Strategies Can Help You Succeed on Tests?

327

(5)

Write Down Key Facts

327

(1)

Begin with an Overview of the Exam

327

(1)

Read Test Directions

328

(1)

Work from Easy to Hard

328

(1)

Watch the Clock

328

(1)

Master the Art of Intelligent Guessing

328

(1)

Follow Directions on Machine-Scored Tests

329

(1)

Use Critical Thinking to Avoid Errors

329

(1)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

330

(2)

How Can You Master Different Types of Test Questions?

332

(6)

Multiple Choice Questions

332

(2)

True-or-False Questions

334

(1)

Essay Questions

335

(3)

What Techniques Will Help Improve Performance on Math Tests?

338

(1)

How Can You Learn from Test Mistakes?

339

(16)

Important Points to Remember

340

(15)

PART 4 A Personal Focus

Relating to Others: Appreciating Your Diverse World

355

(32)

Thinking It Through

355

(1)

How Can You Understand and Accept Others?

356

(9)

Diversity in Your World

356

(1)

The Positive Effects of Diversity

357

(1)

Barriers to Understanding

357

(5)

Accepting and Dealing with Differences

362

(1)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

363

(2)

How Can You Express Yourself Effectively?

365

(3)

Addressing Communication Issues

365

(3)

How Do Your Personal Relationships Define You?

368

(1)

Relationship Strategies

368

(1)

How Can You Handle Conflict and Criticism?

369

(3)

Conflict Strategies

370

(1)

Dealing with Criticism and Feedback

370

(2)

What Role Do You Play in Groups?

372

(15)

Being an Effective Participant

374

(1)

Being an Effective Leader

374

(2)

Important Points to Remember

376

(11)

Personal Wellness: Taking Care of Yourself

387

(36)

Thinking It Through

387

(1)

How Can You Maintain a Healthy Body?

388

(4)

Eating Right

388

(1)

Exercising

389

(2)

Getting Enough Sleep

391

(1)

How Do You Nurture a Healthy Mind?

392

(8)

Dealing with Stress

392

(3)

Emotional Disorders

395

(3)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

398

(2)

How Are Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs Used and Abused?

400

(7)

Alcohol

400

(1)

Tobacco

401

(1)

Drugs

402

(1)

Identifying and Overcoming Addiction

402

(5)

What Should You Consider When Making Sexual Decisions?

407

(16)

Sex and Critical Thinking

407

(2)

Birth Control

409

(1)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

409

(3)

Important Points to Remember

412

(11)

PART 5 Preparing For The Future

Managing Career and Money: Reality Resources

423

(34)

Thinking It Through

423

(1)

How Can You Plan Your Career?

424

(4)

Define a Career Path

424

(2)

Map Out Your Strategy

426

(1)

Know What Employers Want

427

(1)

How Can You Juggle Work and School?

428

(6)

Effects of Working While in School

429

(1)

Establishing Your Needs

430

(1)

Sources of Job Information

430

(3)

Making a Strategic Job Search Plan

433

(1)

What Should You Know about Financial Aid?

434

(5)

Student Loans

435

(1)

Grants and Scholarships

436

(2)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

438

(1)

How Can You Create a Budget That Works?

439

(18)

The Art of Budgeting

440

(1)

A Sample Budget

441

(1)

Savings Strategies

442

(1)

Managing Credit Cards

443

(3)

Important Points to Remember

446

(11)

Moving Ahead: Building a Flexible Future

457

Thinking It Through

457

(1)

How Can You Live With Change?

458

(3)

Accept the Reality of Change

458

(1)

Maintain Flexibility

458

(2)

Adjust Your Goals

460

(1)

What Will Help You Handle Success and Failure?

461

(6)

Dealing with Failure

461

(3)

Dealing with Success

464

(1)

Thinking Back, Thinking Ahead

465

(2)

Why Give Back to the Community and the World?

467

(2)

Your Imprint on the World

467

(1)

Valuing Your Environment

468

(1)

Why Is College Just the Beginning of Lifelong Learning?

469

(2)

How Can You Live Your Mission?

471

Live with Integrity

471

(2)

Roll with the Changes

473

(1)

Learn from Role Models

474

(1)

Aim for Your Personal Best

474

(1)

Important Points to Remember

475

Appendix 1 Researching Information and Student Resources on the Internet

A-1

(1)

Appendix 2 Learning Styles Assessments

A-25

(1)

Endnotes

E-1

(1)

Bibliography

B-1

(1)

Index

I-1

Keys to Effective Learning

9780130128829

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Table of Contents