Laboratory Investigations for Biology

by Dickey, Jean L.

• ISBN13: 9780805367898
• ISBN10: 0805367896
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2002-08-08
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Laboratory Investigations for Biology, Second Editionuses an investigative approach that actively involves readers in the process of scientific discovery by allowing them to make observations, devise techniques, and draw conclusions. Twenty carefully chosen laboratory topics encourage readers to use their critical thinking skills to solve problems using the scientific method. Contains 20 labs on a range of topics.

Author Biography

With a Ph.D. from Purdue University, Jean Dickey has been involved in teaching introductory biology labs since 1978. Her experience includes developing an investigative laboratory curriculum for a large enrollment non-majors course at Clemson University, as well as supervising TAs and lab preparations. Besides working with general biology students, she also teaches life science for elementary education majors. When Dr. Dickey is not with her students, daughters Katherine and Jessica keep her busy.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
The Process of Scientific Inquiry	1	(1)
The Black Box	2	(2)
Defining a Problem	4	(3)
The Elements of an Experiment	7	(6)
Designing an Experiment	13	(3)
Application of Scientific Inquiry	16	(1)
Questions for Review	17
pH and Buffers	1	(1)
Introduction to Acids, Bases, and pH	1	(2)
Using Red Cabbage Indicator to Measure pH	3	(4)
Making a Set of Standards	4	(1)
Comparing pH of Beverages and Stomach Medicines	5	(2)
Using the pH Meter to Determine Buffering Capacity	7	(6)
Designing an Experiment	13	(2)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	15	(2)
Questions for Review	17
Macromolecules	1	(1)
Carbohydrates	1	(9)
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides	3	(2)
Starch	5	(1)
Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates	6	(4)
Lipids	10	(1)
Proteins	11	(2)
Macromolecules in Food	13	(1)
Separation of Butter	13	(2)
Tests with Food	15	(2)
Questions for Review	17
Using the Microscope	1	(1)
The Compound Microscope	2	(9)
The Parts of the Compound Microscope	3	(2)
Using the Compound Microscope	5	(4)
Depth of Focus	9	(2)
Observing Cells	11	(4)
Animal Cells	11	(3)
Plant Cells	14	(1)
The Stereoscopic Dissecting Microscope	15	(3)
The Parts of the Dissecting Microscope	15	(1)
Using the Dissecting Microscope	16	(2)
Observing an Animal Specimen	18	(1)
Questions for Review	19
Enzymes	1	(1)
Factors Affecting Reaction Rate	2	(4)
Quantity of the Reactants	2	(2)
Physical Factors	4	(2)
The Catecholase-Catalyzed Reaction	6	(5)
Designing an Experiment	11	(3)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	14	(2)
Questions for Review	16
Cellular Respiration	1	(1)
Alcoholic Fermentation	2	(5)
Aerobic Respiration	7	(7)
Designing an Experiment	14	(3)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	17	(3)
Questions for Review	20
Photosynthesis	1	(1)
Measuring Photosynthetic Rate in Spinach Leaf Disks	2	(4)
Designing and Experiment	6	(3)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	9	(2)
Questions for Review	11
Chromosomes and Cell Division	1	(1)
The Genetic Material	2	(3)
Extracting DNA from Cells	2	(1)
Karyotypes	3	(2)
The Process of Mitosis	5	(8)
Pop Bead Simulation of Mitosis	6	(5)
Viewing Mitosis in Onion Root Tip Cells	11	(2)
The Process of Meiosis	13	(1)
Pop Bead Simulation of Meiosis	14	(7)
Viewing Meiosis in Organisms	21	(1)
Questions for Review	21
Mendelian Genetics	1	(1)
Mendel's Principles	3	(5)
The Chromosomal Basis of Segregation	3	(1)
Predicting the Outcome of a Monohybrid Cross	4	(2)
The Chromosomal Basis of Independent Assortment	6	(1)
Predicting the Outcome of a Dihybrid Cross	6	(2)
A Dihybrid Cross Using Wisconsin Fast Plants	8	(1)
Planting F1 Seeds	9	(2)
First Observations	11	(1)
Pollination	12	(1)
Germinating the F2 Seeds	12	(1)
Collecting and Interpreting Data from the F2 Generation	13	(4)
Questions for Review	17
Forensic Application of Molecular Genetics	1	(1)
DNA Profiling Using STR Analysis	2	(8)
The STR Technique	2	(3)
Application of STR Analysis to Paternity Testing	5	(1)
Using Population Genetics to Match DNA	6	(4)
Application of DNA Profiling	10	(5)
Questions for Review	15
Microorganisms and Disease	1	(1)
General Features of Bacteria	2	(5)
Bacterial Shapes	3	(2)
Colonies	5	(2)
Investigating Microorganisms and Disease	7	(1)
Gram Stain	7	(3)
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test	10	(3)
Antibiotic Resistance	13	(2)
Transmission	15	(3)
Questions for Review	18
Plant Diversity	1	(1)
The Alternation of Generations Life Cycle	3	(2)
Seedless Nonvascular Plants	5	(2)
Seedless Vascular Plants	7	(3)
Club Mosses	8	(1)
Horsetails	8	(1)
Ferns	8	(2)
Vascular Seed Plants---Gymnosperms	10	(4)
Cycads	11	(1)
Gingko	11	(1)
Conifers	11	(3)
Vascular Seed Plants---Angiosperms	14	(3)
Questions for Review	17
Animal Diversity	1	(1)
Phylum Porifera---Sponges	2	(3)
Phylum Cnidaria---Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Corals	5	(3)
Phylum Platyhelminthes---Flatworms	8	(3)
Phylum Nematoda---Roundworms	11	(1)
Phylum Annelida---Segmented Worms	12	(2)
Phylum Mollusca---Mollusks	14	(3)
Phylum Arthropoda	17	(4)
Phylum Echinodermata	21	(1)
Phylum Chordata	22	(6)
Questions for Review	28
Digestion	1	(1)
Digestion of Proteins by Trypsin	2	(2)
Digestion of Lipids by Lipase	4	(4)
Digestion of Starch by Amylase	8	(4)
Designing an Experiment	12	(3)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	15	(3)
Questions for Review	18
Circulation	1	(1)
Anatomy of the Mammalian Circulatory System	1	(4)
Measuring Cardiovascular Function in Humans	5	(6)
Pulse Rate and Heart Sounds	5	(2)
Blood Pressure	7	(4)
Designing an Experiment	11	(3)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	14	(2)
Questions for Review	16
The Sensory System	1	(1)
Chemical Senses	2	(8)
Taste Discrimination	4	(2)
Individual Differences in Taste	6	(1)
Smell Discrimination	7	(2)
Influence of Smell on Taste	9	(1)
Vision	10	(8)
Structural Features of the Eye	10	(3)
Photoreceptors	13	(4)
The Blind Spot	17	(1)
Accommodation	18	(1)
Skin Senses	18	(1)
Sensitivity to Pressure	19	(1)
Perception of Temperature	20	(3)
Questions for Review	23
Plant Structure	1	(1)
Plant Cells and Tissue Systems	2	(1)
Plant Organs	3	(4)
Leaves	3	(1)
Roots	4	(1)
Stems	5	(2)
Dermal Tissue	7	(2)
Dermal Tissue in Stems	7	(1)
Dermal Tissue in Roots	7	(1)
Dermal Tissue in Leaves	8	(1)
Ground Tissue	9	(5)
Parenchyma	10	(1)
Collenchyma	11	(1)
Sclerenchyma	12	(2)
Vascular Tissue	14	(1)
Vascular Tissue in Leaves	15	(1)
Vascular Tissue in Roots	15	(1)
Vascular Tissue in Stems	15	(1)
Questions for Review	16
Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds	1	(1)
Flower Structure	2	(6)
Flower Dissection	3	(1)
Pollination	4	(3)
Pollen Germination	7	(1)
Fruits and Seeds	8	(5)
Classifying Simple Fleshy Fruits	9	(2)
Seed Dispersal	11	(2)
Seeds and Seedling Development	13	(1)
Seed Structure	13	(1)
Seedling Development	14	(2)
Questions for Review	16
Animal Behavior	1	(1)
Kinesis in Pillbugs	2	(5)
Agonistic Behavior in Bettas	7	(3)
Solitary Behavior of the Betta	8	(1)
The Betta's Reaction to Its Mirror Image	9	(1)
Designing an Experiment	10	(3)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	13	(2)
Questions for Review	15
Foraging Strategy	1	(1)
The Simulation System	2	(1)
Single Prey Species	3	(3)
Mixed Prey Species	6	(3)
Designing an Experiment	9	(2)
Performing the Experiment and Interpreting the Results	11	(2)
Questions for Review	13
Appendix A: Tools for Scientific Inquiry	1	(1)
Exercise A.1: Scientific notation	1	(2)
Exercise A.2: Making Measurements	3	(10)
Activity A: Measuring Length	4	(1)
Activity B: Measuring Mass	5	(3)
Activity C: Measuring Volume	8	(4)
Activity D: Measuring Temperature	12	(1)
Exercise A.3: Data Presentation	13	(8)
Activity A: Tables	13	(2)
Activity B: Graphs	15	(3)
Activity C: Graphing Practice	18	(3)
Exercise A.4: Interpreting Information on a Graph	21	(4)
Questions for Review	25
Appendix B: Guide to Writing Scientific Reports	1	(11)
Purpose of the Lab Report	1	(1)
Sections of the Report	2	(9)
Using Reference Materials Honestly	11	(1)
Checklist for Scientific Report	12