Preface / v
Introduction
Exercise 1 • Anatomical Language / 1
Exercise 2 • Organ Systems and Body Cavities / 13
Cell and Tissues
Exercise 3 • Compound Light Microscope / 23
Exercise 4 • Cell Structure and Cell Cycle / 31
Exercise 5 • Transport Across the Plasma Membrane / 41
Exercise 6 • Tissues / 51
Integumentary System
Exercise 7 • The Integumentary System Structure and Function / 83
Skeletal System and Joints
Exercise 8 • Bone Structure and Function / 95
Exercise 9 • Axial Skeleton / 105
Exercise 10 • Appendicular Skeleton / 137
Exercise 11 • Joints and Synovial Joint Movements / 159
Muscular System: Skeletal Muscles
Exercise 12 • Skeletal Muscle Structure / 173
Exercise 13 • Contraction of Skeletal Muscle / 185
Exercise 14 • Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions / 197
Surface Anatomy
Exercise 15 • Surface Anatomy / 233
Nervous System
Exercise 16 • Nervous Tissue / 253
Exercise 17 • Spinal Cord Structure and Function / 267
Exercise 18 • Spinal Nerves / 277
Exercise 19 • Somatic Reflexes / 287
Exercise 20 • Brain Structure and Function / 297
Exercise 21 • Cranial Nerves / 321
Exercise 22 • Autonomic Nervous System Structure and Function / 331
Exercise 23 • General Senses / 343
Exercise 24 • Special Senses / 357
Endocrine System
Exercise 25 • Endocrine Structure and Function / 389
Cardiovascular System
Exercise 26 • Blood Components and Blood Tests / 409
Exercise 27 • Heart Structure and Function / 429
Exercise 28 • Cardiac Cycle / 449
Exercise 29 • Blood Vessel Structure and Function / 461
Exercise 30 • Blood Vessel Identification / 477
Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Exercise 31 • Lymphatic System Structure and Immune System Function / 505
Respiratory System
Exercise 32 • Respiratory System Structure and Function / 525
Exercise 33 • Pulmonary Ventilation / 543
Digestive System
Exercise 34 • Digestive System Structure and Function / 559
Exercise 35 • Mechanical and Chemical Digestion / 587
Urinary System
Exercise 36 • Urinary System Structure and Function / 595
Exercise 37 • Urine Formation and Urinalysis / 613
Reproductive Systems
Exercise 38 • Male Reproductive System Structure and Function / 625
Exercise 39 • Female Reproductive System Structure and Function / 641
Human Development and Heredity
Exercise 40 • Human Development / 659
Exercise 41 • Heredity / 673
Answer Key to Activities / 687
Appendix A: Word Roots / 709
Appendix B: Skeletal Muscle Origins and Insertions / 711
Appendix C: Measurements / 717
Photo Credits / 719
Index / 723
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