Landscape Architectural Research Inquiry, Strategy, Design

by Deming, M. Elen; Swaffield, Simon

• ISBN13: 9780470564172
• ISBN10: 0470564172
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-04-12
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

In landscape architecture, research refers to the analysis of the decision making and systematic inquiry that occurs throughout the design process. The ever present tension between science and art defines and challenges landscape architecture. Landscape Architectural Research offers a framework for employing appropriate research methods in support of a more scientific approach to the discipline. This scientific approach will lead to better design solutions and will further legitimize the work of landscape architects for clients and allied professionals.

Author Biography

M. Elen Deming, DDes, ASLA, RLA, is Professor and Head of Landscape Architecture at the University of Illinois. She is past editor of the award-winning Landscape Journal, as well as current President and Fellow of the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture. She currently serves as on the editorial advisory boards for the European Journal of Landscape Architecture and Landscape Journal. Simon R. Swaffield, PhD, FNZILA, is Professor of Landscape Architecture at Lincoln University in Canterbury, New Zealand. In 2007, he received the Outstanding Research and Communication Award from CELA. He is founding editor of Landscape Review and frequently authors and edits journal articles.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Knowledge in Landscape Architecture

The need for a guide

The Gatekeeping Dilemma: Towards a contextual approach to knowledge formation and validation

Research Strategies in Landscape Architecture: Mapping the terrain

Building a research based discipline

Knowing Landscape Architecture

Introduction

The nature of professional disciplines

Domains of Knowledge in Landscape Architecture

Research Needs

Theory/ Research/ Scholarship/ Critique

Introduction

Competing ideals of theory

Representing Theory

Theoretical conversations

Research and scholarship

Studio design as a research setting

Theory and Critique

Conclusion

Integrating Design and Research

Introduction

Problems and Purpose

Framing a research questions

Degrees of Research

Assessing Research Quality

A Developmental Heuristic

Descriptive Strategies

Introduction

Observation

Secondary Description

Descriptive Social Surveys

Complex Description

Descriptive Case Studies

Descriptive Strategies Summary

Modelling and Correlational Strategies

Introduction

Descriptive/Synthetic Models

Analytical Models and Correlation

Simple correlation

Multiple Correlations

Spatial Correlations

Predictive Modelling

Dynamic Simulation Modelling

Modelling Strategies: Summary

Experimental Strategies

Introduction

Classic Experiments

Field Experiments

Quasi-experiments

The metaphor of experimentation

Experimentation: Summary

Classification Schemes

Introduction: Separating apples from oranges

Collection/Inventory/Catalogue

Typology

Taxonomy

Index

Bibliography & Literature Review

Classification Strategies Summary

Interpretive Strategies

Introduction

Ethnography

Discourse Analysis

Iconology and Iconography

Historiography

Interpretative Strategies: Summary

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Introduction

Parameters, norms and rubrics

Design Evaluation

Diagnostics

Visual assessment

Evaluation and Diagnostics Strategies Summary

Engaged Action Research

Introduction

Action dimensions in pedagogical research

Participatory Action Research (PAR)

Participatory Design in Service Learning

Transdisciplinary action research (TDAR)

Participatory action research strategies: Summary

Projective Design

Is Design Research?

Reflection-in-Action

Design Methods

Interpretive Methodologies

Developmental Methodologies

Exploratory Methods

Chapter Summary

Logical Systems (Axioms, Rules, & Argumentation)

Introduction

Logical relationships

Synthetic Logic

Expanded field analysis

Spatial Syntax as Logical System

Pattern Language

Indexing Languages

Chapter Conclusion

Research and Practice

Introduction

Integrating research strategies into practice -Evidence based design

Integrating research into practice - Polemic transformation

Integrating knowledge in practice: Grassroots movements

Organising practice based research

Reprise

Sample of published research strategies

Notes on Ethical Issues

History & Ethics

Ethical Principles & Guidelines for Research Involving Human Subjects

Boundaries Between Practice and Research

Basic Ethical Principles

Notes

References

Bibliography

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