Language, Culture and Communication : The Meaning of Messages

by Bonvillain, Nancy

ISBN13:

9780130104298

ISBN10:

0130104299

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

9/1/1999

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Summary

For courses in Language and Culture, Anthropological Linguistics, and Language and Communication. Using data from cultures and languages throughout the worldto highlight both similarities and differences in human languagesthis text explores the many interconnections among language, culture, and communicative meaning. It examines the multi-faceted meanings and uses of language and emphasizes the ways that language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions.

Preface

1 Introduction

(6)

References

(2)

2 The Form of the Message

(41)

Phonology: The Sounds of Language

(10)

Phonetics

(6)

Phonemic Analysis

(2)

Prosodic Features

(2)

Morphology: The Structure of Words

(7)

Morphological Analysis

(2)

Morphological Typologies

(2)

Grammatical Concepts

(3)

Syntax: The Structure of Sentences

(4)

Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning

(2)

Manual Language

(5)

Formation of Signs

(2)

ASL Vocabulary and Grammar

(3)

Nonverbal Communication

(10)

Nonverbal Actions

(9)

The Meaning of Silence

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(2)

3 Language and Cultural Meaning

(30)

Foundations of Linguistic Anthropology

(4)

The Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis

(1)

A Contemporary Comment

(1)

Lexical and Cultural Categories

(11)

Domains

(2)

Lexical Components

(1)

Lexical Classifications

(2)

Ethnoscience

(2)

Universal Processes: Color Terms

(2)

Focal Meaning and Prototypes

(2)

Cultural Presupposition

(2)

Extended and Transferred Meaning

(9)

Metaphor and Metonymy

(3)

Metaphors of Kinship

(1)

Metaphors of the Body

(5)

Summary

(1)

References

(2)

4 Contextual Components: Outline of an Ethnography of Communication

(25)

Ethnography of Communication

(2)

Settings

(2)

Participants

(9)

Terms of Address

(2)

Pronouns

(2)

Kinship Terms

(2)

Honorifics

(2)

Topics and Goals

(2)

Speech Acts

(2)

Routines

(6)

Greetings

(3)

Apologies

(2)

Summary

101

(1)

References

102

(1)

5 Communicative Interactions

103

(29)

Structural Properties of Conversation

103

(5)

Conversational Postulates

108

(3)

Directives

111

(5)

Directives and Responses in Context

116

(2)

Politeness

118

(12)

Theories of Politeness

118

(8)

Politeness in Japanese

126

(4)

Summary

130

(1)

References

130

(2)

6 Societal Segmentation and Linguistic Variation: Class and Race

132

(42)

Social Stratification

133

(1)

Caste

133

(1)

Class

134

(19)

Class and Network

135

(1)

New York City

136

(5)

Norwich, England

141

(2)

Glasgow, Scotland

143

(2)

Paris and Rouen, France

145

(2)

Maaseik, Belgium

147

(1)

Reading, England

148

(3)

Class-Based Codes

151

(2)

Race

153

(17)

African American English in the United States

153

(1)

The Structure of African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

154

(4)

Settings and Contexts

158

(6)

The Ebonics Controversy

164

(2)

Afro-Caribbean Speakers in Great Britain

166

(4)

Summary

170

(1)

References

171

(3)

7 Language and Gender: English and English Speakers

174

(35)

Pronunciation

176

(7)

Phonological Variants

176

(6)

Intonation

182

(1)

Grammatical Variants

183

(4)

Choices of Vocabulary

187

(2)

Gender-Related Conversational Styles

189

(9)

Gender Bias in English

198

(7)

Classes of Vocabulary

198

(4)

Generic "He" and "Man"

202

(3)

Summary

205

(1)

References

206

(3)

8 Cross-Cultural Studies of Language and Gender

209

(26)

Gender-Exclusive Patterns

210

(5)

Linguistic and Stylistic Preferences

215

(13)

Japanese

215

(5)

Javanese

220

(2)

Malagasy

222

(2)

Kuna

224

(1)

Samoan

225

(3)

Images of Gender in Linguistic Form

228

(4)

French

228

(1)

German

228

(1)

Spanish

229

(1)

Russian

229

(1)

Mohawk

230

(1)

Japanese

231

(1)

Summary

232

(1)

References

233

(2)

9 Learning Language

235

(31)

Acquisition of Language

236

(7)

Speech Sounds

236

(1)

One-Word Utterances

237

(2)

Two-Word Grammars

239

(4)

Complex Grammars

243

(7)

Morphological Development

243

(2)

Growth in Vocabulary

245

(2)

Syntactic Development

247

(3)

Comparative Evidence

250

(6)

Complex Inflectional Systems

251

(1)

Agglutinating Languages

252

(2)

Polysynthetic Languages

254

(2)

Some Universal Sequences

256

(3)

Negation

256

(1)

Wh-Questions

257

(1)

Locative Concepts

258

(1)

Instructional Strategies

259

(1)

Strategies in the United States

259

(1)

Strategies in Other Cultures

260

(3)

Kaluli

260

(1)

Kwara'ae

261

(1)

Basotho

262

(1)

Summary

263

(1)

References

263

(3)

10 The Acquisition of Communicative Competence

266

(26)

Acquiring Communicative Styles

267

(5)

Learning Politeness

267

(3)

Learning to Express One's Feelings

270

(1)

Learning to Dispute

270

(2)

Learning Status and Role

272

(9)

Status and Role in American English

273

(6)

Status in Samoan

279

(1)

Relationships in Hungarian

279

(2)

Learning to Converse

281

(8)

Knowledge of Structure

281

(1)

Cohesion in Conversation

282

(2)

Interactional Cooperation

284

(3)

Narratives

287

(2)

Summary

289

(1)

References

290

(2)

11 Multilingual Nations

292

(38)

India

293

(7)

Linguistic Diversity

293

(4)

Standardization

297

(1)

Linguistic Minorities

298

(2)

Canada

300

(10)

Language in Canada

300

(3)

Situational Use

303

(2)

Attitudes Toward Languages and Speakers

305

(5)

The United States

310

(16)

Language in the United States

310

(1)

Bilingual Education

311

(4)

Recent Trends in Law

315

(2)

Native American Languages

317

(2)

Creole Languages in the United States

319

(7)

Summary

326

(1)

References

326

(4)

12 Bilingual Communities

330

(34)

Linguistic Change

331

(2)

Language Use in Bilingual Communities

333

(15)

Endangered Languages

341

(5)

The International Dominance of English

346

(2)

Bilingual Conversational Strategies

348

(8)

Code Switching

349

(5)

Code Mixing

354

(2)

Interethnic Miscommunication

356

(4)

Summary

360

(1)

References

360

(4)

13 Language and Institutional Encounters

364

(25)

Language and Status

364

(3)

A Non-Western Comment

367

(1)

Institutional Contexts

367

(1)

Education

368

(4)

Medical Encounters

372

(4)

Legal Settings

376

(7)

The Media

383

(3)

Summary

386

(1)

References

387

(2)

Glossary

389

(8)

Index

397

Language, Culture and Communication : The Meaning of Messages

9780130104298

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Table of Contents