Language Development: An Introduction

by Owens, Robert E.

• ISBN13: 9780205319268
• ISBN10: 0205319262
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

As in previous editions, Owens presents even the most complex, technical concepts at an appropriate level for beginning students. Developed within a practical chronological framework, the Seventh Edition examines every aspect of syntax, morphology, semantics, phonology, and pragmatics. In recognition of the language variations among children, new advances in linguistics and neurology, and the importance of literacy, the Seventh Edition of this highly readable text devotes significant space to these areas as they impact our understanding of individual development. In addition, discussion of other cultures is included in the text wherever possible. "Students of speech language pathology and practicing professionals."

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
The Territory	2	(28)
Chapter Objectives	3	(2)
This Text and You	5	(1)
Speech, Language, and Communication	6	(8)
Speech	7	(1)
Language	7	(4)
Communication	11	(3)
Properties of Language	14	(4)
Language as a Social Tool	15	(1)
A Rule-Governed System	15	(2)
A Generative System	17	(1)
Components of Language	18	(10)
Syntax	19	(2)
Morphology	21	(1)
Phonology	22	(1)
Semantics	23	(3)
Pragmatics	26	(1)
Relationship of Language Components	27	(1)
Conclusion	28	(1)
Discussion	29	(1)
Reflections	29	(1)
Language-Development Models	30	(36)
Chapter Objectives	31	(1)
Behavioral Theory	32	(5)
Operant Conditioning	33	(2)
Limitations	35	(1)
Contributions	36	(1)
Psycholinguistic Theory: A Syntactic Model	37	(11)
Biological Basis	37	(1)
Primate Studies: Do Other Species Have Language?	37	(1)
Linguistic Processing	38	(6)
Language Acquisition	44	(1)
Government-Binding Theory	45	(2)
Limitations	47	(1)
Contributions	48	(1)
Psycholinguistic Theory: A Semantic/Cognitive Model	48	(8)
Case Grammar: A Beginning	49	(2)
The Semantic Revolution	51	(2)
Language Development	53	(2)
Limitations	55	(1)
Contributions	56	(1)
Sociolinguistic Theory	56	(7)
Speech-Act Theory	57	(2)
Language Acquisition	59	(2)
Limitations	61	(1)
Contributions	62	(1)
Conclusion	63	(1)
Discussion	64	(1)
Reflections	65	(1)
Child Development	66	(42)
Chapter Objectives	67	(1)
Developmental Patterns	68	(2)
Developmental Predictability	68	(1)
Developmental Milestones	68	(1)
Developmental Opportunity	68	(1)
Developmental Phases or Periods	68	(1)
Individual Differences	69	(1)
The Developing Child	70	(36)
The New Kid in Town: Age Birth to One Month	72	(6)
The Examiner: Age One to Six Months	78	(5)
The Experimenter: Age Seven to Twelve Months	83	(7)
The Explorer: Age Twelve to Twenty-Four Months	90	(5)
The Exhibitor: Age Three to Five Years	95	(7)
The Expert: School-Age Years	102	(4)
Conclusion	106	(1)
Discussion	107	(1)
Reflections	107	(1)
Neurolinguistics	108	(20)
Chapter Objectives	109	(1)
Central Nervous System	109	(8)
Hemispheric Asymmetry	113	(1)
Brain Maturation	114	(3)
Language Processing	117	(8)
Models of Linguistic Processing	121	(4)
Conclusion	125	(1)
Discussion	126	(1)
Reflections	126	(2)
Cognitive and Perceptual Bases of Early Language	128	(28)
Chapter Objectives	129	(1)
Which Came First, Cognition or Language?	130	(3)
Neurological Development	133	(1)
Eary Cognitive Development	133	(18)
Information Processing Change During Infancy	134	(2)
Stages of Development	136	(7)
Relation of Sensorimotor Development to Language	143	(4)
Infant Learning	147	(1)
Role of Caregiver	148	(3)
Early Perceptual Development	151	(3)
Distancing	153	(1)
Summary	153	(1)
Conclusion	154	(1)
Discussion	155	(1)
Reflections	155	(1)
The Social and Communicative Bases of Early Language	156	(40)
Chapter Objectives	157	(3)
Development of Communication: A Chronology	160	(15)
The Newborn	160	(3)
Socialization and Early Communication: Age Birth to Six Months	163	(4)
Development of Intentionality: Age Seven to Twelve Months	167	(8)
Maternal Communication Behaviors	175	(9)
Infant-Elicited Social Behavior	175	(7)
Cultural, Socioeconomic, and Sexual Differences	182	(2)
Interactions Between Infant and Caregiver	184	(9)
Joint Reference	184	(3)
Joint Action	187	(5)
Turn-Taking	192	(1)
Situational Variations	192	(1)
Conclusion	193	(1)
Discussion	194	(1)
Reflections	194	(2)
Language-Learning Processes in Young Children	196	(40)
Chapter Objectives	197	(1)
Comprehension, Production, and Cognitive Growth	198	(5)
Cognition and Language	198	(5)
Child Learning Strategies	203	(12)
Toddler Language-Learning Strategies	203	(5)
Preschool Language-Learning Strategies	208	(7)
Individual Differences	215	(1)
Adult Conversational Teaching Techniques	215	(13)
Adult Speech to Toddlers	215	(9)
Adult Conversations with Preschoolers	224	(4)
Importance of Play	228	(2)
Cultural and Social Differences	230	(3)
Conclusion	233	(1)
Discussion	234	(1)
Reflections	234	(2)
A First Language	236	(38)
Chapter Objectives	237	(1)
Single-Word Utterances	238	(22)
Pragmatic Aspects of a First Language	239	(7)
Initial Lexicons	246	(4)
Meaning of Single-Word Utterances	250	(10)
Early Multiword Combinations	260	(7)
Transition: Early Word Combinations	260	(2)
Two-Word Combinations	262	(4)
Longer Utterances	266	(1)
Phonological Patterns	267	(4)
Single-Word Utterances	267	(3)
Multiword Utterances	270	(1)
Learning Units and Extension	270	(1)
Conclusion	271	(1)
Discussion	272	(1)
Reflections	272	(2)
Preschool Pragmatic and Semantic Development	274	(30)
Chapter Objectives	275	(1)
Pragmatic Development	275	(17)
The Conversational Context	276	(11)
Narratives	287	(4)
Summary	291	(1)
Semantic Development	292	(7)
Relational Terms	294	(5)
Interdependence of Form, Content, and Use: Pronouns	299	(3)
Conclusion	302	(1)
Discussion	302	(1)
Reflections	303	(1)
Preschool Development of Language Form	304	(44)
Chapter Objectives	305	(1)
Stages of Syntactic and Morphologic Development	306	(2)
Computing MLU	306	(2)
MLU and Stage of Development	308	(1)
Morphologic Development	308	(10)
Stage II: Brown's Fourteen Morphemes	309	(6)
Determinants of Acquisition Order	315	(1)
Other Early Morphemes	316	(2)
Morphological Rule Learning and Other Aspects of Language	318	(1)
Sentence-Form Development	318	(15)
Sentence Elements	319	(6)
Sentence Types	325	(8)
Embedding and Conjoining	333	(7)
Phrasal Embedding	334	(1)
Subordinate Clause Embedding	335	(2)
Clausal Conjoining	337	(3)
Summary	340	(1)
Phonological Development	340	(6)
Phonological Processes	342	(4)
Conclusion	346	(1)
Discussion	346	(1)
Reflections	347	(1)
School-Age and Adult Pragmatic and Semantic Development	348	(32)
Chapter Objectives	349	(3)
Pragmatic Development	352	(18)
Narratives	352	(9)
Conversational Abilities	361	(5)
Gender Differences	366	(4)
Summary	370	(1)
Semantic Development	370	(8)
Vocabulary Growth	370	(2)
Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Shift	372	(1)
Related Cognitive Processing	373	(2)
Figurative Language	375	(3)
Conclusion	378	(1)
Discussion	378	(1)
Reflections	379	(1)
School-Age and Adult Language Form and Mode Development	380	(28)
Chapter Objectives	381	(1)
Syntactic and Morphologic Development	382	(9)
Morphologic Development	383	(1)
Noun- and Verb-Phrase Development	384	(2)
Sentence Types	386	(5)
Summary	391	(1)
Phonological Development	391	(2)
Morphophonemic Development	391	(1)
Summary	392	(1)
Metalinguistic Abilities	393	(2)
Reading and Writing: A New Mode	395	(11)
The Process of Reading	395	(3)
Reading Development	398	(3)
The Process of Writing	401	(1)
Writing Development	402	(4)
Summary	406	(1)
Conclusion	406	(1)
Discussion	406	(1)
Reflections	407	(1)
Language Differences: Bidialectism and Bilingualism	408	(30)
Chapter Objectives	409	(2)
Dialects	411	(15)
Related Factors	413	(2)
American English Dialects	415	(11)
Bilingualism	426	(10)
Effects of Bilingualism on Language Learning	430	(3)
Code Switching and Development	433	(2)
Bilingualism and Cognition	435	(1)
Cultural Diversity	435	(1)
Conclusion	436	(1)
Discussion	437	(1)
Reflections	437	(1)
Language Research and Analysis	438	(18)
Chapter Objectives	439	(1)
Issues in the Study of Child Language	440	(7)
Method of Data Collection	440	(2)
Sample Size and Variability	442	(2)
Naturalness and Representativeness of the Data	444	(1)
Collection Procedures	445	(1)
Analysis Procedures	446	(1)
Cross-Language Studies	447	(1)
Examples of Child Language Data	448	(6)
Conclusion	454	(1)
Discussion	454	(1)
Reflections	454	(2)
Disorders and Development	456	(5)
Chapter Objectives	457	(1)
The Developmental Approach	458	(3)
Appendix: American English Speech Sounds	461	(8)
Glossary	469	(10)
References	479	(38)
Author Index	517	(16)
Subject Index	533