Language Development : An Introduction

by Owens, Robert E.

• ISBN13: 9780205433186
• ISBN10: 0205433189
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Clearly written, well organized, and comprehensive, Language Development is the most widely used text in its field. In recognition of the tremENDous language variations among children, the sixth EDITION of this highly readable text devotes significant space to individual developmental differences and cultural differences. Developed within a practical chronological framework, this new EDITION examines every aspect of syntax, morphology, semantics, phonology, and pragmatics. Highlights of the Sixth EDITION bull; bull;Chapter 3, ";Child Development,"; has been streamlined to include only the child development information most relevant to speech and language development. bull;Updates to Chapter 4, ";Neurolinguistics,"; include the latest in brain imaging information to convey key links between anatomy, physiology, cognition, and language, and the roles these links play in the development of language abnormalities. bull;Chapter 5, ";Cognitive and Perceptual Bases of Early Language,"; has been totally rewritten to reflect our rapidly changing knowledge of cognitive development and the newest research in brain imaging. bull;The new EDITION includes increased coverage of literacy development, cultural and linguistic difference and sensation, perception and cognition relative to language processing. Don't Miss These Special Value Pack Options Research Navigatortrade; Research Navigatortrade; can be a student's best friEND when facing a large research project. Especially helpful with the toughest challenge-getting started-Research Navigatortrade;offers a comprehensive, step-by-step walk-through of the research process, along with access to some of the most respected source databases available. Access to Research Navigatortrade;-a $15 value-is FREE when packaged with any new Communication Sciences and Disorders textbook! Visit http://www.researchnavigator.com today to purchase immediate access. Allyn & Bacon's Career Center Do your students need help transitioning from being a student to becoming a professional? With The Career Center, registered students receive eight 30-minute career-counseling sessions with a qualified career specialist. The Career Center-a $25 value-is FREE when packaged with any Communication Sciences and Disorders textbook. Visit http://www.ablongman.com/careercenter/ for more information. Contact your local Allyn & Bacon PUBLISHER's representative and request special packaging codes to take advantage of these great offers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
1 The Territory	2	(28)
Chapter Objectives	3	(2)
This Text and You	5	(1)
Speech, Language, and Communication	6	(7)
Speech	6	(1)
Language	7	(4)
Communication	11	(2)
Properties of Language	13	(5)
Language as a Social Tool	14	(1)
A Rule-Governed System	15	(2)
A Generative System	17	(1)
Components of Language	18	(9)
Syntax	19	(1)
Morphology	20	(1)
Phonology	21	(1)
Semantics	22	(3)
Pragmatics	25	(1)
Relationship of Language Components	26	(1)
Conclusion	27	(1)
Discussion	28	(1)
Reflections	29	(1)
2 Language-Development Models	30	(34)
Chapter Objectives	31	(2)
Behavioral Theory	33	(4)
Operant Conditioning	33	(2)
Limitations	35	(1)
Contributions	36	(1)
Psycholinguistic Theory: A Syntactic Model	37	(9)
Biological Basis	37	(2)
Linguistic Processing	39	(4)
Language Acquisition	43	(1)
Government-Binding Theory	44	(1)
Limitations	45	(1)
Contributions	46	(1)
Psycholinguistic Theory: A Semantic/Cognitive Model	46	(8)
Case Grammar: A Beginning	47	(1)
The Semantic Revolution	48	(3)
Language Development	51	(2)
Limitations	53	(1)
Contributions	53	(1)
Sociolinguistic Theory	54	(6)
Speech-Act Theory	55	(1)
Language Acquisition	56	(3)
Limitations	59	(1)
Contributions	59	(1)
Conclusion	60	(1)
Discussion	61	(2)
Reflections	63	(1)
3 Child Development	64	(36)
Chapter Objectives	65	(1)
Developmental Patterns	66	(2)
Developmental Predictability	66	(1)
Developmental Milestones	66	(1)
Developmental Opportunity	66	(1)
Developmental Phases or Periods	66	(1)
Individual Differences	67	(1)
The Developing Child	68	(29)
The New Kid in Town: Age Birth to One Month	68	(5)
The Examiner: Age One to Six Months	73	(4)
The Experimenter: Age Seven to Twelve Months	77	(6)
The Explorer: Age Twelve to Twenty-Four Months	83	(4)
The Exhibitor: Age Three to Five Years	87	(7)
The Expert: School-Age Years	94	(3)
The Example: Adult Development	97	(1)
Conclusion	97	(1)
Discussion	97	(2)
Reflections	99	(1)
4 Neurolinguistics	100	(20)
Chapter Objectives	101	(1)
Central Nervous System	102	(6)
Hemispheric Asymmetry	105	(1)
Brain Maturation	106	(2)
Language Processing	108	(8)
Models of Linguistic Processing	112	(4)
Conclusion	116	(1)
Discussion	117	(2)
Reflections	119	(1)
5 Cognitive and Perceptual Bases of Early Language	120	(26)
Chapter Objectives	121	(1)
Which Came First, Cognition or Language?	122	(3)
Neurological Development	125	(1)
Early Cognitive Development	126	(17)
Sensation and Motor Control	126	(2)
Perception	128	(1)
Cognition	129	(3)
Learning: The Cognitive Path to Language	132	(9)
Role of the Caregiver	141	(2)
Conclusion	143	(1)
Discussion	143	(2)
Reflections	145	(1)
6 The Social and Communicative Bases of Early Language	146	(38)
Chapter Objectives	147	(3)
Development of Communication: A Chronology	150	(14)
The Newborn	150	(3)
Socialization and Early Communication: Age Birth to Six Months	153	(4)
Development of Intentionality: Age Seven to Twelve Months	157	(7)
Maternal Communication Behaviors	164	(8)
Infant-Elicited Social Behavior	165	(6)
Cultural, Socioeconomic, and Gender Differences	171	(1)
Interactions between Infant and Caregiver	172	(8)
Joint Reference	172	(3)
Joint Action	175	(4)
Turn-Taking	179	(1)
Situational Variations	180	(1)
Conclusion	180	(2)
Discussion	182	(1)
Reflections	183	(1)
7 Language-Learning Processes in Young Children	184	(38)
Chapter Objectives	185	(1)
Comprehension, Production, and Cognitive Growth	186	(5)
Cognition and Language	186	(5)
Child Learning Strategies	191	(12)
Toddler Language-Learning Strategies	191	(5)
Preschool Language-Learning Strategies	196	(6)
Individual Differences	202	(1)
Adult Conversational Teaching Techniques	203	(11)
Adult Speech to Toddlers	203	(7)
Adult Conversations with Preschoolers	210	(4)
Importance of Play	214	(2)
Cultural and Social Differences	216	(4)
Conclusion	220	(1)
Discussion	220	(1)
Reflections	221	(1)
8 A First Language	222	(38)
Chapter Objectives	223	(1)
Single-Word Utterances	224	(20)
Pragmatic Aspects of a First Language	225	(6)
Initial Lexicons	231	(4)
Meaning of Single-Word Utterances	235	(9)
Early Multiword Combinations	244	(7)
Transition: Early Word Combinations	244	(2)
Two-Word Combinations	246	(4)
Longer Utterances	250	(1)
Phonological Patterns	251	(5)
Single-Word Utterances	251	(5)
Multiword Utterances	256	(1)
Learning Units and Extension	256	(1)
Conclusion	256	(1)
Discussion	257	(2)
Reflections	259	(1)
9 Preschool Pragmatic and Semantic Development	260	(30)
Chapter Objectives	261	(1)
Pragmatic Development	262	(15)
The Conversational Context	263	(10)
Narratives	273	(3)
Summary	276	(1)
Semantic Development	277	(7)
Relational Terms	279	(5)
Interdependence of Form, Content, and Use: Pronouns	284	(3)
Conclusion	287	(1)
Discussion	287	(2)
Reflections	289	(1)
10 Preschool Development of Language Form	290	(44)
Chapter Objectives	291	(1)
Stages of Syntactic and Morphologic Development	292	(2)
Computing MLU	292	(2)
MLU and Stage of Development	294	(1)
Morphologic Development	294	(11)
Stage II: Brown's Fourteen Morphemes	295	(6)
Determinants of Acquisition Order	301	(2)
Other Early Morphemes	303	(1)
Morphologic Rule Learning and Other Aspects of Language	304	(1)
Sentence-Form Development	305	(14)
Sentence Elements	306	(5)
Sentence Types	311	(8)
Embedding and Conjoining	319	(8)
Phrasal Embedding	320	(1)
Subordinate Clause Embedding	321	(3)
Clausal Conjoining	324	(2)
Summary	326	(1)
Phonologic Development	327	(5)
Phonologic Processes	327	(5)
Conclusion	332	(1)
Discussion	333	(1)
Reflections	333	(1)
11 School-Age and Adult Pragmatic and Semantic Development	334	(32)
Chapter Objectives	335	(1)
Pragmatic Development	336	(20)
Narratives	338	(9)
Conversational Abilities	347	(5)
Gender Differences	352	(3)
Summary	355	(1)
Semantic Development	356	(7)
Vocabulary Growth	356	(2)
Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Shift	358	(1)
Related Cognitive Processing	359	(1)
Figurative Language	360	(3)
Conclusion	363	(1)
Discussion	364	(1)
Reflections	365	(1)
12 School-Age and Adult Language Form and Literacy Development	366	(30)
Chapter Objectives	367	(1)
Syntactic and Morphologic Development	368	(9)
Morphologic Development	369	(1)
Noun- and Verb-Phrase Development	370	(2)
Sentence Types	372	(5)
Summary	377	(1)
Phonologic Development	377	(2)
Morphophonemic Development	377	(1)
Summary	378	(1)
Metalinguistic Abilities	379	(2)
Literacy: A New Mode of Communication	381	(13)
The Process of Reading	381	(3)
Reading Development	384	(4)
The Process of Writing	388	(1)
Writing Development	389	(4)
Summary	393	(1)
Conclusion	394	(1)
Discussion	394	(1)
Reflections	395	(1)
13 Language Differences: Bidialectism and Bilingualism	396	(32)
Chapter Objectives	397	(2)
Dialects	399	(15)
Related Factors	401	(2)
American English Dialects	403	(11)
Bilingualism	414	(11)
Effects of Bilingualism on Language Learning	418	(5)
Code Switching and Development	423	(1)
Bilingualism and Cognition	424	(1)
Cultural Diversity	424	(1)
Conclusion	425	(1)
Discussion	425	(2)
Reflections	427	(1)
14 Language Research and Analysis	428	(19)
Chapter Objectives	429	(1)
Issues in the Study of Child Language	430	(7)
Method of Data Collection	430	(2)
Sample Size and Variability	432	(2)
Naturalness and Representativeness of the Data	434	(1)
Collection Procedures	435	(1)
Analysis Procedures	436	(1)
Cross-Language Studies	437	(1)
Examples of Child Language Data	438	(6)
Conclusion	444	(1)
Discussion	444	(1)
Reflections	445	(2)
Appendix A: American English Speech Sounds	447	(7)
Appendix B: Transcripts to Accompany Text Compact Disc	454	(13)
Glossary	467	(8)
References	475	(30)
Author Index	505	(6)
Subject Index	511