Last Dance : Encountering Death and Dying,9781559344586

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Last Dance : Encountering Death and Dying

by DESPELDER

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9781559344586

ISBN10:

155934458X

Pub. Date:

1/1/1996

Publisher(s):

MAYF

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Summary

The best-selling textbook in the field, "The Last Dance" offers an interdisciplinary approach to the study of death and dying. Integrating the experiential, scholarly, social, individual, emotional, and intellectual dimensions of death and dying, the seventh edition of this acclaimed text has been thoroughly revised to offer cutting-edge and comprehensive coverage of death studies. Together with its companion volumes, this new edition of "The Last Dance" provides solid grounding in theory and research, as well as practical application to students' lives.

Preface

xiii

Prologue

(4)

David Gordon

Attitudes Toward Death: A Climate of Change

(44)

Patterns of Death and Dying: Then and Now

(2)

Factors Affecting Familiarity with Death

(6)

Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates

(2)

Causes of Death

(1)

Geographical Mobility

(1)

Displacement of Death from the Home

(1)

Life-Extending Technologies

(1)

Expressions of Attitudes Toward Death

(21)

Language

(3)

Humor

(3)

Mass Media

(1)

In the News

(2)

Entertaining Death

(3)

Music

(4)

Literature

(2)

Visual Arts

(4)

The Present Milieu: Death Attitudes and Awareness

(9)

Pioneers in Death Studies

(1)

The Rise of Death Education

(3)

The Response to AIDS

(3)

Is Death Out of the Closet?

(1)

Examining Assumptions

(2)

Further Readings

(3)

Perspectives on Death: Cross-Cultural and Historical

(42)

Death in Early and Traditional Cultures

(7)

Origin of Death

(2)

Causes of Death

(1)

Power of the Dead

(2)

Names of the Dead

(1)

Death and Dying in Western Culture

(12)

The Dance of Death

(1)

Dying and the Deathbed Scene

(2)

Burial Customs

(2)

Charnel Houses

(1)

Memorializing the Dead

(1)

Invisible Death

(2)

Four Cultural Case Studies

(18)

Native American Traditions

(5)

African Traditions

(4)

Mexican Traditions

(3)

Japanese Traditions

(6)

Rediscovering the Commemoration of Death

(1)

Further Readings

(3)

Learning About Death: The Influence of Sociocultural Forces

(48)

A Mature Concept of Death

(2)

Sociocultural Influences on Our Understanding of Death

(29)

Theoretical Perspectives

(1)

The Structural-Functionalist Approach

(2)

Symbolic Interactionism

(3)

The Social Learning Approach

100

(2)

Agents of Socialization

102

(1)

Family

102

(4)

School and Peers

106

(1)

Mass Media

107

(4)

Religion

111

(1)

Other Agents

112

(1)

Early Experiences with Death

113

(6)

Teachable Moments in Socialization About Death

119

(4)

Death in Contemporary Multicultural Societies

123

(11)

Distinctive Traditions: Ethnicity and Pluralism

123

(2)

Mixed Plate: Ethnic Identity in Hawaii

125

(2)

Characteristics of Hawaii's Peoples

127

(6)

Assimilation and Accommodation in Death Rites

133

(1)

The Mature Concept of Death Revisited

134

(2)

Further Readings

136

(3)

Health Care Systems: Patients, Staff, and Institutions

139

(34)

Modern Health Care

140

(5)

Care of the Dying

145

(15)

Emergency Care

149

(2)

Hospice

151

(3)

Palliative Care in Hospitals

154

(2)

Home Care

156

(2)

Support Groups

158

(2)

The Patient-Caregiver Relationship

160

(6)

Disclosing a Life-Threatening Diagnosis

162

(1)

Achieving Clear Communication

162

(3)

Providing Total Care

165

(1)

Stress in the Helping Professions

166

(3)

Trauma Care

166

(2)

Coping with Dying and Death

168

(1)

Being with Someone Who Is Dying

169

(1)

Further Readings

170

(3)

Facing Death: Living with Life-Threatening Illness

173

(38)

The Taboo of Life-Threatening Illness

174

(1)

Personal and Social Costs of Life-Threatening Illness

174

(3)

The Experience of Life-Threatening Illness

177

(2)

Coping with Life-Threatening Illness

179

(8)

Awareness of Dying

183

(2)

Maintaining Coping Potency

185

(2)

Treatment Options and Issues

187

(16)

Surgery

189

(3)

Radiation Therapy

192

(1)

Chemotherapy

192

(2)

Organ Transplantation

194

(1)

Other Therapies

195

(1)

Adjunctive Treatment

196

(1)

Unorthodox Treatment

196

(5)

Infection

201

(1)

Pain Management

201

(2)

The Dying Trajectory

203

(2)

The Social Role of the Dying Patient

205

(4)

Further Readings

209

(2)

Medical Ethics: Dying in a Technological Age

211

(38)

Fundamental Ethical Principles

213

(2)

Informed Consent to Treatment

215

(6)

Choosing Death: Euthanasia and Allowing to Die

221

(15)

Nutrition and Hydration

227

(5)

Seriously Ill Newborns

232

(4)

Defining Death

236

(10)

The Traditional Signs of Death and the New Technology

237

(2)

Conceptual and Empirical Criteria

239

(1)

Four Approaches to the Definition and Determination of Death

240

(2)

Irreversible Loss of Flow of Vital Fluids

242

(1)

Irreversible Loss of the Soul from the Body

242

(2)

Irreversible Loss of the Capacity for Bodily Integration

244

(1)

Irreversible Loss of the Capacity for Consciousness or Social Interaction

244

(2)

Considering Ethical Issues in Medicine

246

(1)

Further Readings

246

(3)

Survivors: Understanding the Experience of Loss

249

(38)

Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning

250

(2)

Tasks of Mourning

252

(3)

The Experience of Grief and Mourning

255

(12)

Symptoms of Grief

256

(2)

Phases of Grief

258

(3)

Duration of Grief

261

(2)

The Mortality of Bereavement

263

(2)

Intellectual Versus Emotional Responses

265

(1)

Practical Management of Life's Affairs

266

(1)

Variables Influencing Grief

267

(11)

Survivor's Model of the World

267

(1)

Personality

267

(1)

Social Roles

267

(2)

Perception of the Deceased's Importance

269

(1)

Values

269

(1)

Mode of Death

270

(1)

Sudden Death

270

(1)

Anticipated Death

270

(1)

Suicide

271

(1)

Homicide

272

(1)

Disaster

272

(1)

High-Grief Versus Low-Grief Deaths

272

(3)

Relationship to the Deceased

275

(1)

Available Social Support

276

(1)

Unfinished Business

277

(1)

Coping Mechanisms for Survivors

278

(4)

Funerals and Other Leave-Taking Rituals

280

(1)

Survivor Support Groups

281

(1)

Bereavement as an Opportunity for Growth

282

(3)

Further Readings

285

(2)

Last Rites: Funerals and Body Disposition

287

(40)

Psychosocial Aspects of Last Rites

289

(6)

Death Notification

289

(3)

Mutual Support

292

(3)

Impetus for Coping with Loss

295

(1)

The American Funeral

295

(5)

Criticisms

295

(3)

History

298

(2)

Selecting Funeral Services

300

(12)

Funeral Service Charges

301

(3)

Comparing the Costs

304

(1)

Charge for Professional Services

304

(1)

Intake Charge

305

(1)

Embalming

305

(2)

Other Body Preparation Charges

307

(1)

Casket Prices

307

(2)

Facilities Charges

309

(1)

Vehicles

310

(1)

Outer Burial Container Prices

310

(1)

Miscellaneous Charges

310

(2)

Direct Cremations and Immediate Burials

312

(1)

Funeral and Memorial Societies

312

(1)

Body Disposition

312

(9)

Burial

316

(2)

Cremation

318

(2)

Laws Regulating Body Disposition

320

(1)

Making Meaningful Choices

321

(3)

Further Readings

324

(3)

The Law and Death

327

(40)

Legal Issues in the Public Arena

328

(9)

Legislation Defining Death

328

(3)

Advance Directives

331

(5)

Physician-Assisted Death

336

(1)

Organ Donation

337

(4)

Death Certification

341

(1)

The Coroner and the Medical Examiner

342

(3)

Autopsies

345

(2)

Wills

347

(7)

Definitions and Elements of Wills

349

(2)

The Formally Executed Will

351

(1)

Amending or Revoking a Will

351

(3)

Probate

354

(5)

The Duties of the Executor or Administrator

354

(2)

Avoiding Probate

356

(1)

Laws of Intestate Succession

357

(2)

Estate and Inheritance Taxes

359

(2)

Estate Taxes

359

(1)

Inheritance Taxes

360

(1)

Trusts

361

(1)

Life Insurance and Death Benefits

361

(4)

Policies and Considerations

363

(1)

Other Death Benefits

364

(1)

Further Readings

365

(2)

Death in the Lives of Children and Adolescents

367

(50)

Development of the Understanding of Death

368

(13)

Infancy and Toddlerhood

374

(1)

Early Childhood

374

(3)

The Middle Years of Childhood

377

(1)

Adolescence

378

(1)

The Evolution of a Mature Concept of Death

379

(2)

Early Childhood Encounters with Death

381

(4)

Death-Experienced Children, Ages One to Three

383

(1)

The Very Young Child and Death: An Example

384

(1)

Major Causes of Death in Childhood and Adolescence

385

(1)

Children with Life-Threatening Illnesses

386

(5)

The Child's Perception of Illness

388

(1)

Fears and Anxieties

388

(2)

Hospital and Home Care

390

(1)

The Child's Coping Mechanisms

390

(1)

Children as Survivors of a Close Death

391

(11)

The Bereaved Child's Experience of Grief

392

(1)

The Death of a Pet

393

(2)

The Death of a Parent

395

(3)

The Death of a Sibling

398

(4)

When a Family Member Is Seriously III or Dying

402

(1)

Helping Children Cope with Change and Loss

402

(13)

Guidelines for Sharing Information

403

(1)

Discussing Death Before a Crisis Occurs

403

(2)

In the Aftermath of Loss

405

(3)

Using Books as Tools for Coping

408

(5)

Support Groups for Children

413

(2)

Further Readings

415

(2)

Death in the Lives of Adults

417

(38)

The Psychosocial Stages of Adulthood

418

(4)

Parental Bereavement

422

(14)

Coping with Parental Bereavement as a Couple

423

(2)

Childbearing Losses

425

(4)

Miscarriage

429

(1)

Induced Abortion

429

(2)

Stillbirth

431

(1)

Neonatal Death

431

(1)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

432

(1)

The Critically Ill or Dying Child

433

(2)

The Death of an Adult Child

435

(1)

Support Groups for Parental Bereavements

435

(1)

Death of a Parent

436

(2)

Spousal Bereavement

438

(7)

Factors Influencing Spousal Bereavement

438

(4)

Social Support for Bereaved Spouses

442

(3)

Aging and Illness

445

(8)

Chronic and Debilitating Conditions

447

(2)

Options in Care of the Aged Adult

449

(4)

Further Readings

453

(2)

Suicide

455

(46)

Examining Suicide Statistics

456

(4)

Statistical Problems

456

(2)

The Psychological Autopsy

458

(2)

Comprehending Suicide

460

(3)

Explanatory Theories of Suicide

463

(6)

The Social Context of Suicide

463

(1)

Degree of Social Regulation

463

(1)

Degree of Social Integration

464

(3)

The Psychodynamics of Suicide

467

(1)

Aggression

468

(1)

Ambivalence

468

(1)

Toward an Integrated Understanding of Suicide

469

(1)

Some Types of Suicide

469

(7)

Suicide as Escape

469

(2)

Psychotic Suicide and Depression

471

(1)

Subintentional and Chronic Suicide

472

(1)

Cry for Help

472

(4)

Risk Factors Influencing Suicide

476

(5)

Culture

476

(2)

Personality

478

(1)

The Individual Situation

479

(1)

Biologic Factors

480

(1)

Lifespan Perspectives on Suicide

481

(5)

Childhood

481

(1)

Adolescence and Young Adulthood

482

(3)

Middle Adulthood

485

(1)

Late Adulthood

485

(1)

Contemplating Suicide

486

(5)

Choice of Method

487

(3)

Order of Lethality

490

(1)

Suicide Notes

491

(1)

Suicide Prevention, Intervention, and Postvention

492

(3)

Prevention

492

(2)

Intervention

494

(1)

Postvention

494

(1)

Helping a Person Who Is in Suicidal Crisis

495

(4)

Further Readings

499

(2)

Risks of Death in the Modern World

501

(50)

Risk Taking

502

(2)

Accidents

504

(3)

Disasters

507

(6)

Reducing the Impact of Disasters

509

(1)

Coping with the Aftermath of Disaster

510

(3)

Violence

513

(11)

Assessing the Homicidal Act

516

(4)

Capital Punishment

520

(2)

Steps Toward Reducing Violence

522

(2)

War

524

(16)

Technological Alienation and Psychic Numbing

525

(3)

The Conversion of the Warrior

528

(3)

Coping with the Aftermath of War

531

(2)

Making War, Making Peace

533

(4)

The Nuclear Threat

537

(3)

AIDS and Other Emerging Diseases

540

(3)

Stress

543

(5)

Coping with Risks

548

(1)

Further Readings

548

(3)

Beyond Death/After Life

551

(38)

Traditional Concepts About Life After Death

552

(2)

Jewish Beliefs About Death and Resurrection

554

(2)

Hellenistic Concepts of Immortality

556

(2)

Christian Beliefs About the Afterlife

558

(3)

The Afterlife in Islamic Tradition

561

(3)

Death and Immortality in Eastern Religions

564

(7)

Hindu Theologies of Death and Rebirth

565

(2)

The Buddhist Understanding of Death

567

(2)

After-Death States in Tibetan Buddhism

569

(2)

Secular Concepts of Immortality

571

(3)

Near-Death Experiences: At the Threshold of Death

574

(9)

NDEs: A Composite Picture

575

(1)

Dimensions of Near-Death Experiences

575

(3)

Interpreting Near-Death Experiences

578

(5)

Death Themes in Dreams and Psychedelic Experiences

583

(2)

Beliefs About Death: A Wall or a Door?

585

(2)

Further Readings

587

(2)

The Path Ahead: Personal and Social Choices

589

(24)

The Value of Exploring Death and Dying

590

(5)

New Directions in Death Education

595

(4)

Death in the Future

599

(6)

Living with Death and Dying

605

(6)

Humanizing Death and Dying

606

(1)

Defining the Good Death

607

(4)

Postscript and Farewell

611

(1)

Further Readings

612

(1)

Epilogue

613

(2)

David Gordon

Notes

615

(56)

Credits and Sources

671

(3)

Name Index

674

(9)

Subject Index

683

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Last Dance : Encountering Death and Dying

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