Latin America and Its People, Volume II 1800 to Present (Chapters 8-15)

by Martin, Cheryl E.; Wasserman, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780321061676
• ISBN10: 0321061675
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-12-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Offering a balance of social, political, environmental and cultural history, this exciting new textbook looks at the whole of Latin America in a thematic rather than country-by-country approach, while emphasizing the story of the diverse people of Latin America, their everyday lives, and the issues and forces that affect them. Written by two of the leading scholars in the field, Cheryl Martin and Mark Wasserman, Latin America and Its People presents a fresh interpretative survey of Latin American history from pre-Columbian times to the beginning of the Twenty-First Century, where the lives of Latin Americans are given center stage. It examines the many institutions that Latin Americans have built and rebuilt families governments from the village level to the nation-state, churches, political parties, labor unions, schools, and armies, and it does so through the lives of the people who forged these institutions and tried to alter them to meet the changing circumstances.

Table of Contents

List of Features	xv
List of Maps and Color Plates	xvii
Preface	xix
About the Authors	xxvii
8 THE NEW NATIONS OF LATIN AMERICA	236	(26)
Spanish America and the Crisis of 1808	237	(5)
Spain and the Napoleonic Invasion	238	(2)
Representative Government in Spain and America, 1808-1814	240	(1)
The "American Question"	241	(1)
Spanish American Grievances and the Crisis of 1808	242	(4)
Mexico	243	(2)
Venezuela	245	(1)
Argentina	245	(1)
Spanish American Independence	246	(7)
The Final Campaigns	246	(6)
Regional Conflicts in the Spanish American Struggle for Independence	252	(1)
The Independence of Brazil	253	(7)
The Portuguese Monarchy in Brazil	253	(1)
Popular Unrest in Brazil	254	(1)
The Culmination of Brazilian Independence	255	(1)
The Meaning of Independence	256	(7)
How Historians Understand
WERE THE WARS OF INDEPENDENCE THE TURNING POINT?	239	(11)
Latin American Lives
SIMÓN BOLIVAR AND MANUELA SÁENZ, LEADERS OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE	250	(7)
Slice of Life
THE SIXTEENTH OF SEPTEMBER: INDEPENDENCE DAY IN MEXICO	257	(3)
Conclusion	260	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	261	(1)
9 REGIONALISM, WAR, AND RECONSTRUCTION: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS, 1821-1880	262	(36)
Dilemmas of Nationhood	263	(4)
Who Governs and What Form of Government?	264	(1)
Federalism/Centralism and Liberalism/Conservatism	265	(2)
The Challenge of Regionalism	267	(5)
Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, and Central America	269	(2)
Brazil and Chile	271	(1)
A Century of War	272	(11)
Wars of Political Consolidation	274	(1)
Intra-regional Wars	274	(1)
Foreign Wars	275	(2)
Civil Wars	277	(2)
The Impact of War	279	(4)
Popular Participation	283	(3)
Caudillos	286	(5)
The Challenge of Economic Recovery	291	(4)
Obstacles to Development	292	(1)
Export Economies	293	(8)
How Historians Understand
BENITO JUÁREZ: THE MAKING OF A MYTH	268	(16)
Slice of Life
THE PARIAN RIOT: MEXICO CITY, 1828	284	(5)
Latin American Lives
DR. FRANCIA	289	(6)
Conclusion	295	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	296	(2)
10 EVERYDAY LIFE IN AN UNCERTAIN AGE, 1821-1880	298	(30)
The People	299	(2)
The Large Estates: Haciendas, Estancias, Plantations, Fazendas	301	(11)
Work Life	301	(3)
Domestic Life	304	(3)
Plantations and Slavery	307	(5)
Villages and Small Holders	312	(3)
Religion	315	(1)
Urban Life and Societal Transformation	315	(5)
The Cities	315	(2)
Transformations	317	(3)
Food, Clothes, Shelter, and Entertainment	320	(6)
Latin American Lives
THE GAUCHO	305	(4)
Slice of Life
URBAN SLAVES	309	(1)
How Historians Understand
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACISM	310	(16)
Conclusion	326	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	326	(2)
11 ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS, 1880-1920	328	(29)
Economic Modernization	330	(5)
Exports	330	(2)
The Downside of Export-Led Modernization	332	(2)
Railroads	334	(1)
Modernization and Social Change	335	(7)
Population Increase	335	(1)
New Classes, New Voices	336	(4)
Rural Discontent	340	(1)
Mass Movements of People	341	(1)
Politics in the Age of Modernization	342	(9)
A Modernized Military	343	(1)
The Rule of the Ranchers and Planters: Argentina and Brazil	344	(2)
Democracy in Chile	346	(1)
The Aristocratic Republic: Peru	347	(1)
Dictatorship: Mexico	348	(3)
Modernization and Resistance	351	(4)
Indigenous Peoples	351	(1)
Resistance in the Countryside	352	(1)
The Mexican Revolution	353	(6)
Slice of Life
A CHILEAN MINING CAMP	338	(11)
Latin American Lives
JOSÉ GUADALUPE POSADA (1852-1913), ARTIST OF MEXICO	349	(5)
How Historians Understand
WHY DO PEOPLE REBEL?	354	(1)
Conclusion	355	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	356	(1)
12 BETWEEN REVOLUTIONS: THE NEW POLITICS OF CLASS AND THE ECONOMICS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1920-1959	357	(28)
Three Crises and the Beginnings of Intensified Government Involvement in the Economy, 1920-1945	359	(5)
The Aftermath of World War I	359	(1)
The Great Depression	360	(4)
World War II	364	(1)
Peacetime Economies	364	(1)
Dictators and Populists	365	(15)
The 1920's	367	(5)
Depression and War	372	(6)
Peacetime Politics	378	(2)
Failure of the Left and Right	380	(3)
Women's Suffrage	382	(5)
Slice of Life
COLOMBIAN COFFEE FARM 1925	361	(7)
How Historians Understand
RECONSTRUCTING THE SEMANA TRAGICA (TRAGIC WEEK) IN ARGENTINE HISTORY	368	(5)
Latin American Lives
ELVIA AND FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTO	373	(10)
Conclusion	383	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	384	(1)
13 PEOPLE AND PROGRESS, 1910-1959	385	(24)
Socialization in the Factory and the Mine: Proletarianization and Patriarchy	387	(8)
A Miner's Day at El Teniente	393	(2)
Urbanization and Social Change	395	(6)
The Cities	395	(3)
Life on the Edge: The Middle Class	398	(2)
La Chica Moderna	400	(1)
Popular and High Culture	401	(6)
Slice of Life
VILLAGE LIFE IN PERU	389	(7)
How Historians Understand
THE VOICE OF THE LOWER CLASSES	396	(9)
Latin American Lives
FRIDA KAHLO	405	(2)
Conclusion	407	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	407	(2)
14 REVOLUTION, REACTION, DEMOCRACY, AND THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY, 1959 TO THE PRESENT	409	(30)
The Revolutions: Cuba, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Colombia	410	(9)
Cuba	411	(2)
Nicaragua	413	(2)
El Salvador	415	(1)
Guatemala	416	(1)
Peru	416	(3)
Colombia	419	(1)
The Tyrannies: Brazil, Argentina, and Chile	419	(12)
Brazil	421	(4)
Argentina	425	(2)
Chile	427	(4)
The Exception: Mexico	431	(1)
The Struggle for Control of Everyday Life	432	(1)
The New Global Economy	433	(4)
Slice of Life
ON THE STREET IN SAO PAULO	423	(5)
Latin American Lives
AN ARGENTINE MILITARY OFFICER	428	(6)
How Historians Understand
THEORIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND HISTORY	434	(3)
Conclusion	437	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	437	(2)
15 EVERYDAY LIFE, 1959 TO THE PRESENT	439	(26)
The Reign of Terror	440	(2)
The Quality of Life	442	(14)
What Does It Mean To Be Poor?	445	(4)
Informal Economy	449	(4)
Privatizing Social Security	453	(3)
The Cities	456	(2)
To Be Poor in the Cities	457	(1)
An Urban Migrant's Story	458	(1)
The Environment	458	(2)
The Globalization of Culture	460	(3)
Art	462	(1)
Latin American Lives
WOMEN REBELS	441	(11)
Slice Of Life
THE BARRIO/FAVELA	452	(2)
How Historians Understand
FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE TO THE CITY	454	(9)
Conclusion	463	(1)
Learning More About Latin Americans	464	(1)
Glossary	465	(4)
Credits	469	(2)
Index	471