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9780130981806

Law and Justice : An Introduction to the American Legal System

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780130981806

  • ISBN10:

    013098180X

  • Edition: 6th
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2008-01-01
  • Publisher: Prentice Hall
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List Price: $103.40

Summary

This book offers a thorough examination of the system of justice used in the United States: civil and criminal, juvenile and therapeutic. The author's background in the disciplines of political science, sociology, and criminal justice make this a comprehensive treatment of criminal law topics. Chapter topics cover an introduction to and history of law and justice in America, systems of law and justice, law schools and legal education, the legal profession and the practice of law, the structure and administration of state and federal courts, the appellate process and judicial review, judicial interpretation and policy-making, negotiated justice: plea bargaining, and alternative dispute resolution and therapeutic justice. For individuals interested in law and the judicial process.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
About the Author xv
Law and Justice Chronology xvii
An Introduction to Law and Justice
1(12)
Law: The Problem of Definition
1(4)
Natural Law
5(5)
Rational Law
10(2)
Internet Connection
12(1)
Review Questions
12(1)
Systems of Law and Justice
13(32)
Common/Case Law
13(2)
Equity
15(5)
Equity in America
17(3)
Civil Law Systems
20(4)
Courts and Judges in the United States and Civil Law Countries
24(3)
Inquisitorial and Adversarial Systems
27(2)
Codes of Procedure
29(3)
Statutory Law
32(2)
Judicial Interpretation of Statutes
34(2)
Case Law and Legal Reasoning
36(4)
Administrative and Regulatory Law
40(3)
Internet Connections
43(1)
Review Questions
43(2)
A History of Law and Justice in America
45(39)
The Law and Courts in Colonial America
46(2)
The Revolution
48(2)
Courts After the Revolution
50(1)
Law and Justice on the Frontier
51(1)
The Supreme Court
52(3)
The Marshall Court
55(4)
Marbury v. Madison
56(1)
McCulloch v. Maryland
57(1)
Supremacy Clause
58(1)
Gibbons v. Ogden
59(1)
The Eleventh Amendment and Sovereign Immunity
59(2)
Slavery
61(1)
Reconstruction and the Expansion of Federal Authority
62(2)
Business, Unions, and Civil Liberties
64(5)
A Policy-Making Judiciary
69(2)
Political Dissent
71(1)
The Depression
72(2)
Court-Packing Plan
73(1)
America at War
74(2)
Political Dissent, Civil Rights, and the Due Process Revolution
76(5)
The Civil Rights Movement
76(2)
Due Process Revolution
78(1)
Other Warren Court Decisions
78(3)
Internet Connections
81(1)
Review Questions
81(3)
Law Schools and Legal Education
84(26)
Early Legal Education in America
84(2)
Harvard Law School
86(1)
Langdell at Harvard
87(2)
The Case Method
89(2)
Harvard Prevails
91(1)
Contemporary Legal Education
92(5)
Stratification of Legal Education
97(1)
Criticism of Legal Education
98(6)
Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Realism
99(5)
Critical Legal Studies
104(1)
Law and Economics
105(2)
Therapeutic Jurisprudence
107(1)
Internet Connections
108(1)
Review Questions
108(2)
The Legal Profession and the Practice of Law
110(26)
Lawyers in Revolutionary America
110(2)
Admission to the Bar
112(1)
Growth of Bar Associations
113(3)
American Bar Association
116(1)
Stratification of the Legal Profession
117(11)
The Cravath System and Stratum I Attorneys
118(6)
Stratum II Attorneys
124(1)
Stratum III Attorneys
125(3)
Legal Aid
128(3)
Legal Aid Societies
128(1)
Federal Legal Services
129(2)
Public Interest Law
131(3)
Internet Connections
134(1)
Review Questions
134(2)
The Structure and Administration of State and Federal Courts
136(30)
Jurisdiction
137(2)
Diversity Jurisdiction
138(1)
State Courts
139(7)
Lower Court
140(4)
Superior Court
144(1)
Intermediate Court of Appeals
144(1)
Supreme Court
144(2)
Federal Courts
146(1)
Legislative Courts
147(1)
Constitutional Courts
148(8)
Magistrate and Bankruptcy
148(2)
District Courts
150(1)
Specialized (Constitutional Courts)
151(1)
Court of Appeals
152(2)
The Supreme Court
154(2)
Judicial Administration and Reform
156(5)
Administration of Federal Courts
156(2)
Administration of State Courts
158(3)
Administrative Reform
161(3)
Structural Unification
162(1)
Administrative Centralization
162(1)
Unified Budgeting
163(1)
Obstacles to Reform
163(1)
Internet Connections
164(1)
Review Questions
165(1)
The Appellate Process and Judicial Review
166(17)
The Appellate Process
166(3)
Judicial Review by the Supreme Court
169(9)
U.S. Supreme Court Rules
171(1)
Supreme Court Procedures
172(6)
Legitimacy
178(2)
Implementation of Judicial Decisions
180(1)
Internet Connections
181(1)
Review Questions
181(2)
Judicial Interpretation and Policy-Making
183(17)
Legislative Intent Versus Plan Meaning
183(3)
Legislative Intent
183(2)
Plain Meaning
185(1)
The Policy-Making Role of the Judicial Branch
186(3)
Administrative Agencies and Judicial Policy-Making
189(1)
Interpreting the Constitution: Judicial Restraint Versus Judicial Activism
190(8)
Internet Connections
198(1)
Review Questions
198(2)
Judges Prosecutors, and Criminal Defense Attorneys
200(33)
Judges
200(1)
Selecting Judges
201(12)
Appointment
202(4)
Elections
206(5)
Merit System
211(2)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Methods for Choosing Judges
213(1)
Removing Judges
214(2)
Prosecutors
216(2)
Federal Prosecutors
216(2)
Solicitor General
218(2)
State Prosecutors
220(4)
Criminal Defense Attorneys
224(7)
Private Defense Attorney
226(1)
Public Defender
227(3)
Assigned Counsel
230(1)
Internet Connections
231(1)
Review Questions
231(2)
Criminal Justice
233(52)
American Criminal Justice
233(2)
Corpus Delicti
235(1)
Due Process
236(12)
Due Process Guarantees
238(7)
Exclusionary Rule
245(2)
Joinder of Offenses
247(1)
Pretrial Procedures
248(2)
Rough Justice in the Lower Courts
250(2)
Felony Cases
252(13)
Grand Jury
252(3)
Preliminary/Probable Cause Hearing
255(1)
Arraignment
255(2)
The (Petit) Jury
257(4)
Scientific Jury Selection and Trial Consultants
261(1)
Instructions to the Jury
262(1)
Evidence
263(2)
Court Personnel
265(1)
The Trial
265(7)
Pretrial Motions
265(1)
Side-Bar
266(1)
Opening Statements
266(1)
Presentation of Evidence
267(2)
Cross-Examination
269(1)
Re-Direct and Re-Cross-Examination
270(1)
Final Motions and Closing Arguments
271(1)
Charge to the Jury
271(1)
Jury Deliberations
272(1)
Sentencing
272(8)
Positive School
273(1)
Classical School
274(5)
Presentence Investigation Report
279(1)
Sentencing Hearing
279(1)
Appeals
280(1)
Probation and Parole
281(1)
Executive Clemency
282(1)
Internet Connections
282(1)
Review Questions
283(2)
Negotiated Justice: Plea Bargaining
285(25)
Plea Bargaining
285(2)
The Negative View
287(5)
Public Defender
289(3)
The Benign or Positive View
292(4)
The Process and the Law
296(3)
Normal Crimes
299(2)
The Role of the Judge
301(1)
Limiting or Abolishing Plea Bargaining
302(2)
Legal Issues
304(4)
Internet Connections
308(1)
Review Questions
308(2)
Civil Justice
310(25)
Civil Litigation and Adjudication
311(2)
The Civil Process
313(5)
Standing
313(1)
Jury Issues
314(1)
Evidence
315(1)
Jurisdiction
316(1)
Filing a Civil Complaint
317(1)
Pretrial Activities
318(1)
Motions
318(3)
Discovery
319(2)
Pretrial Conference
321(1)
Trial
321(2)
Judgment
323(1)
Specialized Courts and Administrative Bodies
323(2)
Small Claims Courts
323(1)
Administrative Bodies
324(1)
Appeals
325(1)
Contingency Fee
325(6)
``Tort Reform''
326(5)
Class Action Lawsuit
331(3)
Internet Connections
334(1)
Review Questions
334(1)
Juvenile Justice
335(21)
History and Philosophy
335(2)
Juvenile Court
337(1)
Legal Developments
338(3)
Gault Decision
339(1)
Other Juvenile Decisions
340(1)
The Juvenile Court Process
341(9)
Intake
343(2)
Preliminary Hearings
345(1)
Adjudicatory Hearings
346(1)
Predisposition Report
347(1)
Disposition Hearing
347(3)
Juveniles in Criminal Court
350(3)
Issues of Controversy
353(2)
Judges
353(1)
Defense Attorneys
353(1)
Status Offenses
354(1)
Treatment
355(1)
Internet Connections
355(1)
Review Questions
355(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution and Therapeutic Justice
356(29)
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
356(3)
Mediation
359(2)
Community Mediation Movement
361(4)
Arbitration
365(1)
Court Annexed ADR
365(7)
Other Means of Dispute Resolution
372(1)
Criticism of Alternative Dispute Resolution
373(2)
Therapeutic Justice (TJ)
375(1)
Drug Courts
376(1)
Restorative Justice
377(3)
Community Courts/Neighborhood Justice
380(2)
Conclusion
382(1)
Internet Connections
382(1)
Review Questions
383(2)
Glossary 385(12)
References 397(36)
Case Index 433(6)
Author Index 439(10)
Subject Index 449

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