Liberty, Equality, Power A History of the American People, Vol. I: To 1877, Concise Edition

by Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Gerstle, Gary; Rosenberg, Emily S.

• ISBN13: 9780495050551
• ISBN10: 0495050555
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-09
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER offers students a clear, concise understanding of how America transformed itself, in a relatively short time, from a land inhabited by hunter-gatherer and agricultural Native American societies into the most powerful industrial nation on earth. The authors promote this understanding by telling the story of America through the lens of three major themes: liberty, equality, and power. This approach helps students understand not only the impact of the notions of liberty and equality, which are often associated with the American story, but also how dominant and subordinate groups have affected and been affected by the ever-shifting balance of power. This Concise Fourth Edition updates the text's proven ability to cover social and cultural history with such timely topics as globalization, the impact of science and technology, evolving roles for religion, and expands upon the text's multicultural coverage. It continues to offer strong pedagogical tools including "History Through Film" to help draw students into the material and show the relevance of history to their own lives. Backed by an ancillary package unmatched in this market, including HistoryNOW (part of the CengageNOW suite of teaching and learning products), LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER is available in the following volume splits: *LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, CONCISE EDITION (Chapters 1-31), ISBN: 049505013X; *LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, VOLUME 1: TO 1877, CONCISE EDITION (Chapters 1-17), ISBN: 0495050555; and *LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, VOLUME II: SINCE 1863, CONCISE EDITION (Chapters 17-31), ISBN: 0495050563.

Table of Contents

When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe	1	(30)
Peoples in Motion	2	(2)
From Beringia to the Americas	2	(1)
The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture	3	(1)
The Norsemen	4	(1)
Europe and the World in the 15th Century	4	(6)
China: The Rejection of Overseas Expansion	4	(1)
Europe versus Islam	5	(1)
The Legacy of the Crusades	6	(1)
The Unlikely Pioneer: Portugal	6	(1)
Africa, Colonies, and the Slave Trade	7	(1)
Portugal's Asian Empire	8	(1)
Early Lessons	8	(2)
Spain, Columbus, and the Americas	10	(2)
Columbus	10	(1)
Spain and the Caribbean	11	(1)
The Emergence of Complex Societies in the Americas	12	(8)
The Rise of Sedentary Cultures	12	(1)
The Andes: Cycles of Complex Cultures	13	(1)
Inca Civilization	14	(1)
Mesoamerica: Cycles of Complex Cultures	15	(2)
The Aztecs and Tenochtitlan	17	(1)
North American Mound Builders	18	(1)
Urban Cultures of the Southwest	18	(2)
Contact and Cultural Misunderstanding	20	(2)
Religious Dilemmas	20	(1)
War as Cultural Misunderstanding	21	(1)
Gender and Cultural Misunderstanding	22	(1)
Conquest and Catastrophe	22	(6)
The Conquest of Mexico and Peru	22	(2)
North American Conquistadores and Missionaries	24	(2)
The Spanish Empire and Demographic Catastrophe	26	(1)
Brazil	26	(1)
Global Colossus, Global Economy	27	(1)
Explanations: Patterns of Conquest, Submission, and Resistance	28	(1)
Conclusion	29	(1)
Suggested Readings	30	(1)
The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America	31	(36)
The Protestant Reformation and the Challenge to Spain	32	(1)
New France	33	(1)
Early French Explorers	33	(1)
History Through Film: Black Robe	34	(3)
Missions and Furs	35	(1)
New France Under Louis XIV	36	(1)
The Dutch and Swedish Settlements	37	(2)
The East and West India Companies	37	(1)
New Netherland as a Pluralistic Society	38	(1)
Swedish and English Encroachments	39	(1)
The Challenge from Elizabethan England	39	(3)
The English Reformation	39	(1)
Hawkins and Drake	40	(1)
Gilbert, Ireland, and America	40	(1)
Ralegh, Roanoke, and War with Spain	41	(1)
The Swarming of the English	42	(1)
The Chesapeake and West Indian Colonies	42	(8)
The Jamestown Disaster	43	(1)
Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis	43	(3)
Tobacco, Servants, and Survival	46	(1)
Maryland	46	(1)
Chesapeake Family Life	47	(1)
The West Indies and the Transition to Slavery	48	(1)
The Rise of Slavery in North America	49	(1)
The New England Colonies	50	(7)
The Pilgrims and Plymouth	50	(1)
Covenant Theology	51	(1)
Massachusetts Bay	51	(1)
Puritan Family Life	52	(1)
Conversion, Dissent, and Expansion	52	(3)
Congregations, Towns, and Colony Governments	55	(1)
Infant Baptism and New Dissent	56	(1)
The English Civil Wars	57	(1)
The First Restoration Colonies	57	(4)
Carolina, Harrington, and the Aristocratic Ideal	58	(1)
New York: An Experiment in Absolutism	59	(2)
Brotherly Love: The Quakers and America	61	(4)
Quaker Beliefs	61	(1)
Quaker Families	62	(1)
West New Jersey	62	(1)
Pennsylvania	63	(2)
Conclusion	65	(1)
Suggested Readings	66	(1)
England Discovers Its Colonies: Empire, Liberty, and Expansion	67	(28)
The Spectrum of Settlement	68	(4)
Demographic Differences	69	(2)
Race, Ethnicity, and Economy	71	(1)
Religion and Education	71	(1)
Local and Provincial Governments	72	(1)
Unifying Trends: Language, War, Law, and Inheritance	72	(1)
The Beginnings of Empire	72	(4)
Upheaval in America: The Critical 1640s	73	(1)
Mercantilism as a Moral Revolution	73	(1)
The First Navigation Act	74	(1)
Restoration Navigation Acts	75	(1)
Indians, Settlers, Upheaval	76	(4)
Indian Strategies of Survival	76	(1)
Puritan Indian Missions	77	(1)
Metacom's (or King Philip's) War	77	(1)
Virginia's Indian War	78	(1)
Bacon's Rebellion	79	(1)
Crisis in England and the Redefinition of Empire	80	(2)
The Popish Plot, the Exclusion Crisis, and the Rise of Party	80	(1)
The Lords of Trade and Imperial Reform	81	(1)
The Dominion of New England	82	(1)
The Glorious Revolution	82	(5)
The Glorious Revolution in America	83	(1)
The English Response	84	(1)
The Salem Witch Trials	85	(1)
The Completion of Empire	85	(1)
Imperial Federalism	86	(1)
The Mixed and Balanced Constitution	86	(1)
Contrasting Empires: Spain and France in North America	87	(3)
The Pueblo Revolt	87	(1)
New France and the Middle Ground	88	(2)
French Louisiana and Spanish Texas	90	(1)
An Empire of Settlement: The British Colonies	90	(3)
The Engine of British Expansion: The Colonial Household	91	(1)
The Voluntaristic Ethic and Public Life	91	(1)
Three Warring Empires, 1689--1716	91	(2)
Conclusion	93	(1)
Suggested Readings	94	(1)
Provincial America and the Struggle for a Continent	95	(33)
Expansion Versus Anglicization	96	(2)
Threats to Householder Autonomy	97	(1)
Anglicizing the Role of Women	97	(1)
Expansion, Immigration, and Regional Differentiation	98	(5)
The Emergence of the Old South	98	(3)
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies: The ``Best Poor Man's Country''	101	(1)
The Backcountry	101	(1)
New England: A Faltering Economy and Paper Money	102	(1)
Musical Link to the Past: He Could Make a Lass Weep	103	(1)
Anglicizing Provincial America	104	(3)
The World of Print	104	(1)
The Enlightenment in America	105	(1)
Lawyers and Doctors	105	(1)
Georgia: The Failure of an Enlightenment Utopia	106	(1)
The Great Awakening	107	(4)
Origins of the Revivals	107	(1)
Whitefield Launches the Transatlantic Revival	108	(1)
Disruptions	109	(1)
Long-Term Consequences of the Revivals	109	(1)
New Colleges	110	(1)
The Denominational Realignment	110	(1)
Political Culture in the Colonies	111	(3)
The Rise of the Assembly and the Governor	111	(1)
``Country'' Constitutions: The Southern Colonies	112	(1)
``Court'' Constitutions: The Northern Colonies	113	(1)
The Renewal of Imperial Conflict	114	(5)
Challenges to French Power	114	(1)
The Danger of Slave Revolts and War with Spain	115	(2)
France versus Britain: King George's War	117	(1)
The Impending Storm	118	(1)
The War for North America	119	(7)
The Albany Congress and the Onset of War	119	(2)
Britain's Years of Defeat	121	(1)
A World War	122	(1)
Imperial Tensions: From Loudoun to Pitt	122	(1)
The Years of British Victory	123	(2)
The Cherokee War and Spanish Intervention	125	(1)
The Peace of Paris	126	(1)
Conclusion	126	(1)
Suggested Readings	127	(1)
Reform, Resistance, Revolution	128	(31)
Imperial Reform	129	(4)
From Pitt to Grenville	129	(1)
Indian Policy and Pontiac's War	130	(2)
The Sugar Act	132	(1)
The Currency Act and the Quartering Act	132	(1)
The Stamp Act	133	(1)
The Stamp Act Crisis	133	(3)
Nullification	134	(1)
Repeal	135	(1)
The Townshend Crisis	136	(1)
The Townshend Program	136	(1)
Musical Link to the Past: An American Heart of Oak	137	(6)
Resistance: The Politics of Escalation	138	(2)
An Experiment in Military Coercion	140	(1)
The Wilkes Crisis	140	(1)
The Boston Massacre	141	(1)
Partial Repeal	141	(1)
Disaffection	142	(1)
Internal Cleavages: The Contagion of Liberty	143	(5)
The Feudal Revival and Rural Discontent	143	(1)
The Regulator Movements in the Carolinas	144	(2)
Slaves and Women	146	(2)
The Last Imperial Crisis	148	(4)
The Tea Crisis	148	(1)
Britain's Response: The Coercive Acts	149	(1)
The Radical Explosion	149	(1)
The First Continental Congress	150	(1)
Toward War	151	(1)
The Improvised War	152	(4)
The Second Continental Congress	153	(1)
War and Legitimacy, 1775--1776	154	(1)
Independence	155	(1)
History Through Film: 1776	156	(1)
Conclusion	157	(1)
Suggested Readings	158	(1)
The Revolutionary Republic	159	(34)
Hearts and Minds: The Northern War, 1776--1777	160	(3)
The British Offensive	160	(1)
The Trenton-Princeton Campaign	161	(2)
The Campaigns of 1777 and Foreign Intervention	163	(3)
The Loss of Philadelphia	163	(1)
Saratoga	164	(1)
French Intervention	165	(1)
Spanish Expansion and Intervention	165	(1)
The Reconstitution of Authority	166	(4)
John Adams and the Separation of Powers	166	(1)
The Virginia Constitution	167	(1)
The Pennsylvania Constitution	167	(1)
Massachusetts Redefines Constitutionalism	168	(1)
Confederation	169	(1)
The Crisis of the Revolution, 1779--1783	170	(1)
The Loyalists	170	(1)
Loyalist Refugees, Black and White	170	(1)
History Through Film: Mary Silliman's War	171	(3)
The Indian Struggle for Unity and Survival	172	(1)
Attrition	173	(1)
The British Offensive in the South	174	(6)
The Partisan War	175	(2)
Mutiny and Reform	177	(1)
From the Ravaging of Virginia to Yorktown and Peace	178	(2)
A Revolutionary Society	180	(1)
Religious Transformations	180	(1)
Musical Link to the Past: No King But Godi	181	(6)
The First Emancipation	182	(1)
The Challenge to Patriarchy	182	(1)
Western Expansion, Discontent, and Conflict with Indians	183	(1)
The Northwest Ordinance	184	(3)
A More Perfect Union	187	(4)
Commerce, Debt, and Shays's Rebellion	187	(1)
Cosmopolitans versus Localists	187	(1)
The Philadelphia Convention	188	(1)
Ratification	189	(2)
Conclusion	191	(1)
Suggested Readings	191	(2)
The Democratic Republic, 1790--1820	193	(23)
The Farmer's Republic	194	(2)
Households	195	(1)
Rural Industry	195	(1)
Neighbors	195	(1)
History Through Film: A Midwife's Tale	196	(2)
Inheritance	197	(1)
Standards of Living	197	(1)
From Backcountry to Frontier	198	(3)
The Destruction of the Woodlands Indians	199	(1)
The Failure of Cultural Renewal	199	(1)
The Backcountry, 1790--1815	200	(1)
The Plantation South, 1790--1820	201	(3)
Slavery and the Republic	201	(1)
The Recommitment to Slavery	202	(1)
Race, Gender, and Chesapeake Labor	203	(1)
The Lowland Task System	204	(1)
The Seaport Cities, 1790--1815	204	(2)
Commerce	205	(1)
Poverty	205	(1)
The Status of Labor	205	(1)
The Assault on Authority	206	(1)
Paternal Power in Decline	206	(1)
Musical Link to the Past: The Minuet in America	207	(3)
The Alcoholic Republic	207	(1)
The Democratization of Print	208	(1)
Citizenship	209	(1)
Republican Religion	210	(4)
The Decline of the Established Churches	210	(1)
The Rise of the Democratic Sects	210	(2)
The Christianization of the White South	212	(1)
Evangelicals and Slavery	212	(1)
The Beginnings of African American Christianity	213	(1)
Black Republicanism: Gabriel's Rebellion	213	(1)
Conclusion	214	(1)
Suggested Readings	215	(1)
Completing the Revolution, 1789--1815	216	(24)
Establishing the Government	217	(4)
The ``Republican Court''	217	(1)
The First Congress	218	(1)
Hamiltonian Economics: The National Debt	219	(1)
Hamiltonian Economics: The Bank and the Excise	219	(1)
The Rise of Opposition	220	(1)
Jefferson versus Hamilton	220	(1)
The Republic in a World at War, 1793--1800	221	(5)
Americans and the French Revolution	221	(1)
Citizen Genet	221	(1)
Western Troubles	222	(1)
Jay's Treaty	222	(1)
Washington's Farewell and the Election of 1796	223	(1)
Troubles with France, 1796--1800	224	(1)
The Crisis at Home, 1798--1800	224	(1)
The Politicians and the Army	225	(1)
The Election of 1800	226	(1)
The Jeffersonians in Power	226	(1)
The Republican Program	226	(5)
Cleansing the Government	227	(1)
The Jeffersonians and the Courts	228	(1)
The Impeachments of Pickering and Chase	229	(1)
Justice Marshall's Court	229	(1)
Louisiana	230	(1)
The Republic and the Napoleonic Wars, 1804--1815	231	(7)
The Dilemmas of Neutrality	231	(1)
Trouble on the High Seas	231	(1)
Embargo	232	(1)
The Road to War	233	(1)
The War Hawk Congress, 1811--1812	233	(1)
War Hawks and the War of 1812	234	(1)
The War with Canada, 1812--1813	234	(2)
Tecumseh's Last Stand	236	(1)
The British Offensive 1814	236	(1)
The Hartford Convention	237	(1)
The Treaty of Ghent	238	(1)
Conclusion	238	(1)
Suggested Readings	239	(1)
The Market Revolution, 1815--1860	240	(24)
Government and Markets	241	(2)
The American System: The Bank of the United States	241	(1)
The American System: Tariffs and Internal Improvements	242	(1)
Markets and the Law	242	(1)
The Transportation Revolution	243	(5)
Transportation in 1815	244	(1)
Improvements: Roads and Rivers	245	(1)
Improvements: Canals and Railroads	245	(2)
Time and Money	247	(1)
Markets and Regions	247	(1)
From Yeoman to Businessman: The Rural North and West	248	(5)
Shaping the Northern Landscape	248	(1)
The Transformation of Rural Outwork	249	(1)
Farmers as Consumers	249	(1)
The Northwest: Southern Migrants	249	(1)
The Northwest: Northern Migrants	250	(1)
Households	251	(1)
Neighborhoods: The Landscape of Privacy	252	(1)
The Industrial Revolution	253	(4)
Factory Towns: The Rhode Island System	253	(1)
Factory Towns: The Waltham System	254	(1)
Urban Businessmen	255	(1)
Metropolitan Industrialization	256	(1)
History Through Film: Gangs of New York	257	(1)
The Market Revolution in the South	258	(4)
The Organization of Slave Labor	259	(1)
Paternalism	260	(1)
Yeomen and Planters	260	(1)
Yeomen and the Market	261	(1)
A Balance Sheet: The Plantation and Southern Development	261	(1)
Conclusion	262	(1)
Suggested Readings	263	(1)
Toward an American Culture	264	(21)
The Northern Middle Class	265	(4)
The Evangelical Base	265	(1)
Domesticity	266	(1)
Sentimentality	267	(1)
Fine Arts	268	(1)
Nature and Art	268	(1)
The Plain People of the North	269	(3)
Religion and the Common Folk	269	(1)
Popular Millennialism	270	(1)
Family and Society	271	(1)
The Prophet Joseph Smith	271	(1)
The Rise of Popular Culture	272	(4)
Blood Sports	272	(1)
Boxing	273	(1)
An American Theater	273	(1)
Minstrelsy	274	(1)
Novels and the Penny Press	275	(1)
Family, Church, and Neighborhood: The White South	276	(3)
Southern Families	276	(1)
Southern Entertainments	277	(1)
The Camp Meeting Becomes Respectable	277	(1)
Religious Conservatism	278	(1)
Proslavery Christianity	278	(1)
The Private Lives of Slaves	279	(4)
The Slave Family	279	(1)
White Missions	280	(1)
Slave Christians	281	(1)
Religion and Revolt	282	(1)
Nat Turner	282	(1)
Conclusion	283	(1)
Suggested Readings	284	(1)
Society, Culture, and Politics, 1820s--1840s	285	(23)
Constituencies	286	(2)
The North and West	286	(1)
The South	287	(1)
The Politics of Economic Development	288	(2)
Government and Its Limits	288	(1)
Banks	289	(1)
Internal Improvements	290	(1)
The Politics of Social Reform	290	(4)
Public Schools	290	(1)
Ethnicity, Religion, and the Schools	291	(1)
Prisons	292	(1)
Asylums	293	(1)
The South and Social Reform	293	(1)
The Politics of Alcohol	294	(3)
Ardent Spirits	294	(1)
The Origins of Prohibition	295	(1)
The Democratization of Temperance	296	(1)
Temperance Schisms	296	(1)
Ethnicity and Alcohol	297	(1)
The Politics of Race	297	(6)
Free Blacks	298	(1)
Discrimination	298	(1)
Democratic Racism	299	(1)
Conceptions of Racial Difference	299	(1)
The Beginnings of Antislavery	300	(1)
Abolitionists	301	(1)
Agitation	301	(2)
Musical Link to the Past: ``The Grave of the Slave''	303	(1)
The Politics of Gender and Sex	303	(3)
Appetites	304	(1)
Moral Reform	304	(1)
Women's Rights	305	(1)
Conclusion	306	(1)
Suggested Readings	307	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy	308	(25)
Prologue: 1819	309	(3)
The West, 1803--1840s	309	(1)
The Argument over Missouri	310	(1)
The Missouri Compromise	311	(1)
The Panic of 1819	311	(1)
Republican Revival	312	(2)
Martin Van Buren Leads the Way	312	(1)
The Election of 1824	312	(1)
``A Corrupt Bargain''	313	(1)
Jacksonian Melodrama	314	(1)
Adams Versus Jackson	314	(5)
Nationalism in an International Arena	314	(1)
Nationalism at Home	315	(1)
The Birth of the Democratic Party	315	(1)
The Election of 1828	316	(1)
A People's Inauguration	316	(2)
The Spoils System	318	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy and the South	319	(3)
Southerners and Indians	319	(1)
Indian Removal	320	(1)
Southerners and the Tariff	321	(1)
Nullification	321	(1)
History Through Film: Amistad	322	(4)
The ``Petticoat Wars''	323	(1)
The Fall of Calhoun	324	(1)
Petitions, the Gag Rule, and the Southern Mails	325	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy and the Market Revolution	326	(3)
The Second Bank of the United States	326	(1)
The Bank War	326	(1)
The Beginnings of the Whig Party	327	(1)
A Balanced Budget	328	(1)
The Second American Party System	329	(2)
``Martin Van Ruin''	329	(1)
The Election of 1840	330	(1)
Two Parties	331	(1)
Conclusion	331	(1)
Suggested Readings	332	(1)
Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty --- Or Slavery?	333	(24)
Growth as the American Way	334	(6)
Manifest Destiny and Slavery	334	(1)
The Westering Impulse	335	(1)
The Hispanic Southwest	336	(1)
The Oregon and California Trails	336	(2)
The Mormon Migration	338	(1)
The Republic of Texas	339	(1)
The Annexation Controversy	339	(1)
History Through Film: The Alamo	340	(2)
Acquisition of Texas and Oregon	341	(1)
The Mexican War	342	(4)
Military Campaigns of 1846	342	(1)
Military Campaigns of 1847	343	(1)
Antiwar Sentiment	343	(1)
The Wilmot Proviso	344	(2)
The Election of 1848	346	(2)
The Free Soil Party	347	(1)
The Gold Rush and California Statehood	347	(1)
The Compromise of 1850	348	(5)
The Senate Debates	349	(1)
Passage of the Compromise	349	(1)
The Fugitive Slave Law	350	(1)
Enforcement and Defiance of the Fugitive Slave Law	351	(1)
Uncle Tom's Cabin	352	(1)
Filibustering	353	(1)
The Gray-Eyed Man of Destiny	354	(1)
Conclusion	354	(1)
Suggested Readings	355	(2)
The Gathering, Tempest, 1853--1860	357	(25)
Kansas and the Rise of the Republican Party	358	(2)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act	359	(1)
The Death of the Whig Party	359	(1)
Immigration and Nativism	360	(2)
Immigrants in Politics	361	(1)
The Rise of the ``Know-Nothings''	361	(1)
Musical Link to the Past: The Waltz--An Immoral Dance?	362	(1)
The Decline of Nativism	363	(1)
Bleeding Kansas	363	(2)
The Caning of Sumner	365	(1)
The Election of 1856	365	(4)
The Dred Scott Case	367	(1)
The Lecompton Constitution	368	(1)
The Economy in the 1850s	369	(8)
``The American System of Manufactures''	370	(1)
The Southern Economy	370	(2)
King Cotton	372	(1)
Labor Conditions in the North	372	(2)
The Panic of 1857	374	(1)
Sectionalism and the Panic	375	(1)
The Free-Labor Ideology	375	(1)
The Impending Crisis	376	(1)
Southern Non-Slaveholders	376	(1)
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates	377	(3)
The Freeport Doctrine	378	(1)
John Brown at Harpers Ferry	379	(1)
Conclusion	380	(1)
Suggested Readings	381	(1)
Secession and Civil War, 1860--1862	382	(28)
The Election of 1860	383	(3)
Republicans Nominate Lincoln	384	(1)
Southern Fears	384	(2)
The Lower South Secedes	386	(4)
Northerners Affirm the Union	386	(1)
Compromise Proposals	387	(1)
Establishment of the Confederacy	388	(1)
The Fort Sumter Issue	389	(1)
Choosing Sides	390	(3)
Border States	391	(1)
The Creation of West Virginia	392	(1)
The Balance Sheet of War	393	(4)
Strategy and Morale	394	(1)
Mobilizing for War	394	(1)
Weapons and Tactics	395	(1)
Logistics	395	(1)
Financing the War	396	(1)
Navies, the Blockade, and Foreign Relations	397	(3)
King Cotton Diplomacy	397	(1)
The Trent Affair	398	(1)
The Confederate Navy	398	(1)
The Monitor and the Virginia	399	(1)
Campaigns and Battles, 1861--1862	400	(5)
The Battle of Bull Run	400	(1)
Naval Operations	401	(1)
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson	401	(2)
The Battle of Shiloh	403	(1)
The Virginia Theater	403	(1)
The Seven Days' Battles	404	(1)
Confederate Counteroffensives	405	(1)
Musical Link to the Past: Wartime Music as Inspiration and Catharsis	405	(3)
The Second Battle of Bull Run	406	(2)
Conclusion	408	(1)
Suggested Readings	409	(1)
A New Birth of Freedom, 1862--1865	410	(30)
Slavery and the War	411	(4)
The ``Contrabands''	411	(1)
The Border States	412	(1)
The Decision for Emancipation	412	(1)
New Calls for Troops	413	(1)
The Battle of Antietam	414	(1)
The Emancipation Proclamation	415	(1)
A Winter of Discontent	415	(4)
The Rise of the Copperheads	416	(1)
Economic Problems in the South	417	(1)
The Wartime Draft and Class Tensions	417	(1)
A Poor Man's Fight?	418	(1)
Blueprint for Modern America	419	(2)
Women and the War	419	(2)
The Confederate Tide Crests and Recedes	421	(5)
The Battle of Chancellorsville	421	(2)
The Gettysburg Campaign	423	(1)
The Vicksburg Campaign	423	(1)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga	424	(2)
Black Men in Blue	426	(1)
Black Soldiers in Combat	427	(1)
Emancipation Confirmed	427	(1)
The Year of Decision	427	(1)
History Through Film: Glory	428	(6)
Out of the Wilderness	429	(1)
Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor	429	(1)
Stalemate in Virginia	430	(1)
The Atlanta Campaign	431	(1)
Peace Overtures	432	(1)
The Prisoner-Exchange Controversy	433	(1)
The Issue of Black Soldiers in the Confederate Army	433	(1)
Lincoln's Reflection and the End of the Confederacy	434	(4)
The Capture of Atlanta	434	(1)
The Shenandoah Valley	434	(1)
From Atlanta to the Sea	435	(1)
The Battles of Franklin and Nashville	435	(1)
Fort Fisher and Sherman's March through the Carolinas	435	(1)
The Road to Appomattox	436	(1)
The Assassination of Lincoln	437	(1)
Conclusion	438	(1)
Suggested Readings	439	(1)
Reconstruction, 1863--1877	440
Wartime Reconstruction	441	(2)
Radical Republicans and Reconstruction	442	(1)
Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction	443	(4)
Johnson's Policy	443	(1)
Southern Defiance	444	(1)
The Black Codes	444	(1)
Land and Labor in the Postwar South	445	(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau	445	(1)
Land for the Landless	446	(1)
Education	447	(1)
The Advent of Congressional Reconstruction	447	(3)
Schism Between President and Congress	448	(1)
The Fourteenth Amendment	448	(1)
The 1866 Elections	448	(1)
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867	449	(1)
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	450	(2)
The Completion of Formal Reconstruction	450	(1)
The Fifteenth Amendment	451	(1)
The Election of 1868	451	(1)
The Grant Administration	452	(3)
Civil Service Reform	452	(1)
Foreign Policy Issues	453	(1)
Reconstruction in the South	453	(1)
Blacks in Office	453	(1)
``Carpetbaggers''	454	(1)
``Scalawags''	454	(1)
History Through Film: Birth of a Nation	455	(2)
The Ku Klux Klan	456	(1)
The Election of 1872	456	(1)
The Panic of 1873	457	(1)
The Retreat from Reconstruction	457	(5)
The Mississippi Election of 1875	458	(1)
The Supreme Court and Reconstruction	459	(1)
The Election of 1876	459	(1)
Disputed Results	460	(1)
The Compromise of 1877	461	(1)
The End of Reconstruction	461	(1)
Conclusion	462	(1)
Suggested Readings	463
Appendix	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1