Lipids and Essential Oils As Antimicrobial Agents

by Thormar , Halldor

• ISBN13: 9780470741788
• ISBN10: 0470741783
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-02-14
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Lipids and essential oils have strong antimicrobial properties - they kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. They are being studied for use in the prevention and treatment of infections, as potential disinfectants, and for their preservative and antimicrobial properties when formulated as pharmaceuticals, in food products, and in cosmetics. Lipids and Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents is a comprehensive review of the scientific knowledge in this field. International experts provide summaries on: the chemical and biological properties of lipids and essential oils use of lipids and essential oils in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and health foods antimicrobial effects of lipids in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial lipids in milk antimicrobial lipids of the skin antibacterial lipids as sanitizers and disinfectants Professor Halldor Thormar, Emeritus Professor, Institute of Biology, University of Iceland
Professor Thormar has studied the antimicrobial effects of lipids for over 25 years, with more than 100 publications in the field.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors

Introduction

Membranes as Targets of Antimicrobial Lipids

Introduction

Oil and Water Don?t Mix!

Polar Lipids

Properties of Surfactants

Cell Membranes

The Action of Antimicrobial Lipids on Cell Membranes

Conclusions

Antibacterial Effects of Lipids: Historical Review (1881 to 1960)

Introduction

Antibacterial Activity of Soaps

Antibacterial Action of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives

Inhibition of Lipids and Serum Albumin against the Antibacterial Action of Soaps

Diverse Actions of Fatty Acids and Their Salts on Bacteria

The Nature of the Bactericidal Action of Fatty Acids

A Possible Role of Soaps and Fatty Acids in Host Defence against Bacteria

Studies of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Applications of Soaps and Fatty Acids

Conclusions

Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal Activities of Lipids

Introduction

Antibacterial Activities of Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides

Antiviral Activities of Fatty Alcohols, Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides

Antifungal Activities of Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides

Conclusions

Antimicrobial Lipids in Milk

Introduction

Occurrence

Molecular Properties

Antimicrobial Activity

Applications

Safety, Tolerance and Efficacy

Conclusions

Antimicrobial Lipids of the Skin and Tear Film

Introduction

Innate Immune Mechanisms in Skin

Types and Locations of Lipids of the Skin and Tear Film

Functions of Lipids

Antimicrobial Activity of Lipids and Their Mechanisms of Killing

Synergy of Cutaneous Lipids and Other Innate Immune Molecules

Lipids as Therapeutic Agents

Conclusions

Antimicrobial Lipids and Innate Immunity

Introduction

The Role of Human Milk Lipids in Innate Immunity

Antimicrobial Lipids in the Pulmonary Mucosa

Antimicrobial Skin Lipids

Conclusions

Lipids as Active Ingredients in Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics and Health Foods

Introduction

Antimicrobial Effects of Lipids

Lipids in Pharmaceuticals

Microbicidal Lipids in Agriculture and Aquaculture

Lipids in Therapy

Lipids in Cosmetics

Lipids in Health Food

Conclusions

Antimicrobial Lipids as Disinfectants, Antiseptics and Sanitizers

Introduction

Soaps as Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Use of Bactericidal Lipids to Reduce Microbial Contamination of Food Products

Killing of Foodborne Bacteria by Glycerol Monocaprate (Monocaprin) Emulsions

Conclusions

Chemistry and Bioactivity of Essential Oils

Introduction

Chemistry of Essential Oils

Biological Activity of Essential Oils

Uses of Essential Oils

Conclusions

Antiviral Effects of Plant-Derived Essential Oils and Pure Oil Components

Introduction

Characterization and Medicinal Use of Essential Oils

Cytotoxicity of Essential Oils

Antiviral Activities of Essential oils

Mode of Antiviral Action of Essential Oils

Conclusions

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils

Introduction

Methods for Quantifying Antimicrobial Activity

Antibacterial and Antifungal Essential Oils by Plant Family

Antimicrobial Essential-Oil Components

Factors Influencing Activity

Mechanisms of Action

Clinical Efficacy of Essential Oils and Components

Toxicity of Essential Oils

Conclusions

Index

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