Listening to Western Music (with CD)

by Wright, Craig

• ISBN13: 9780495116271
• ISBN10: 0495116270
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-23
• Publisher: Schirmer

Summary

LISTENING TO WESTERN MUSIC helps you to develop and refine your listening skills. With Wright, you will learn to move comfortably from the classroom to the concert hall, listening to classical and popular music with more confidence and enjoyment. Unique multimedia and online support give you the tools you need to master the material, score well on exams and quizzes, and enjoy classical music.

Table of Contents

Listening Exercises	p. xiii
Boxes	p. xiv
About the Author	p. xv
About the Cover	p. xvi
Preface	p. xvii
The Elements of Music	p. 1
Listening to Music	p. 2
How Musical Sound and Sound Machines Work	p. 2
Music and the Brain	p. 3
Listening to Whose Music?	p. 4
Classical Music-Popular Music	p. 4
Why Listen to Classical Music?	p. 5
Classical Music All Around You	p. 5
Attending a Classical Concert	p. 6
Learning to Be a Good Listener	p. 7
Getting Started: Three Musical Beginnings	p. 7
Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor-Opening	p. 7
Listening Guide: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor	p. 9
Peter Tchaikovsky, Piano Concerto No. 1-Opening	p. 9
Listening Guide: Tchaikovsky, Piano Concerto No. 1	p. 10
Richard Strauss, Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra)-Opening	p. 10
Listening Guide: Strauss, Thus Spoke Zarathustra	p. 11
Key Words	p. 13
Rhythm	p. 13
Rhythm and Rhythmic Notation	p. 14
Meter	p. 16
Hearing Meters	p. 17
Syncopation	p. 19
Tempo	p. 19
Rhythm and Rap	p. 20
Key Words	p. 21
Melody	p. 22
Pitch	p. 22
The Octave	p. 22
Notating Melodies	p. 23
Tonality, Keys, and Scales	p. 26
Modulation	p. 27
Hearing Major and Minor	p. 27
Chromatic Scale	p. 29
Melodic Structure	p. 29
Hearing Melodies and Phrases	p. 31
Key Words	p. 32
Harmony	p. 33
Building Harmony	p. 33
Consonance and Dissonance	p. 35
Hearing the Harmony Change	p. 35
The Twelve-Bar Blues Harmony Then and Now	p. 37
Key Words	p. 38
Dynamics and Color	p. 38
Dynamics	p. 39
Color	p. 39
The Voice	p. 40
Musical Instruments	p. 40
Listening Guide: Instruments of the Orchestra: Strings	p. 43
Listening Guide: Instruments of the Orchestra: Woodwinds	p. 44
Listening Guide: Instruments of the Orchestra: Brasses	p. 46
Listening Guide: Instruments of the Orchestra: Percussion	p. 47
Key Words	p. 51
Musical Texture and Form	p. 52
Monophonic, Polyphonic, and Homophonic Textures	p. 52
Listening Guide: Handel, Messiah, "Hallelujah" chorus	p. 54
Form	p. 55
Five Favorite Musical Forms	p. 56
Listening Guide: Brahms, Lullaby	p. 56
Listening Guide: Mozart, Variations on Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star	p. 57
Listening Guide: Haydn, Symphony No. 94, 2nd movement	p. 58
Listening Guide: Tchaikovsky, "Dance of the Reed Pipes"	p. 58
Listening Guide: Mouret, Rondeau	p. 59
Key Words	p. 60
Musical Style	p. 61
Key Word	p. 61
Checklists of Musical Style by Periods	p. 61
The Middle Ages and Renaissance, 476-1600	p. 68
Medieval Music, 476-1475	p. 70
Music in the Monastery	p. 70
Gregorian Chant	p. 70
Listening Guide: Anonymous, All the Ends of the Earth	p. 71
The Gregorian Chant of Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)	p. 71
Listening Guide: Hildegard of Bingen, O Greenest Branch	p. 73
Music in the Cathedral	p. 73
Notre Dame of Paris	p. 74
Leoninus: Organum, All the Ends of the Earth	p. 74
Chant at the Top of the Charts	p. 75
Listening Guide: Leoninus, All the Ends of the Earth	p. 75
Notre Dame of Reims	p. 76
Machaut, Mass of Our Lady	p. 76
Musical Portions of the Mass	p. 77
Listening Guide: Machaut, Mass of Our Lady, Kyrie	p. 78
Music at the Court	p. 78
Music at the Forefront of Science	p. 79
Troubadours and Trouveres	p. 79
Listening Guide: Countess of Dia, I Must Sing	p. 80
Music at the Court of Burgundy	p. 81
Listening Guide: Dufay, This Month of May	p. 82
Medieval Musical Instruments	p. 83
Listening Guide: Anonymous, The Spanish Tune	p. 84
Key Words	p. 84
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 84
Renaissance Music, 1475-1600	p. 85
Music Becomes a Fine Art	p. 86
Josquin Desprez (c 1455-1521) and the Renaissance Motet	p. 87
Listening Guide: Josquin, Ave Maria	p. 90
The Counter-Reformation and Palestrina (1525-1594)	p. 91
Male Choirs	p. 92
Female Choirs in Convents	p. 93
Listening Guide: Palestrina, Sanctus	p. 94
Popular Music in the Renaissance	p. 95
The Madrigal	p. 95
Listening Guide: Weelkes, As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending	p. 97
Key Words	p. 98
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 98
The Baroque Period, 1600-1750	p. 100
Introduction to Baroque Art and Music	p. 102
Baroque Architecture and Music	p. 102
Baroque Painting and Music	p. 104
Characteristics of Baroque Music	p. 105
Expressive Melody	p. 105
The Basso Continuo	p. 105
Elements of Baroque Music	p. 107
Melody	p. 107
Harmony	p. 108
Rhythm	p. 108
Texture	p. 108
Dynamics	p. 108
Key Words	p. 109
Early Baroque Vocal Music	p. 109
Opera	p. 109
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)	p. 110
Listening Guide: Monteverdi, Orfeo, Toccata	p. 112
Listening Guide: Monteverdi, Orfeo, "At the bitter news" and "Thou art dead"	p. 113
Listening Guide: Monteverdi, Orfeo, "Powerful spirit"	p. 114
Chamber Cantata	p. 114
Barbara Strozzi: Professional Composer	p. 115
Listening Guide: Strozzi, "I want to die"	p. 116
Opera in London	p. 117
Henry Purcell (1659-1695)	p. 117
Listening Guide: Purcell, Dido and Aeneas, "When I am laid in earth"	p. 119
Elton John and Basso Ostinato	p. 121
Key Words	p. 121
Middle Baroque Instrumental Music	p. 121
The Baroque Orchestra	p. 122
Orchestral Overture	p. 123
Jean-Baptiste Lully, (1632-1687)	p. 124
Listening Guide: Lully Overture to Armide	p. 124
Solo Sonata and Trio Sonata	p. 125
Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713)	p. 125
The Baroque Violin	p. 116
Listening Guide: Corelli, Trio Sonata in C major	p. 127
The Baroque Concerto	p. 128
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)	p. 128
The Hospice of Mercy: Convent and Concert Hall	p. 129
Listening Guide: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in E major, 1st movement	p. 131
Key Words	p. 133
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 133
The Late Baroque: Bach	p. 134
Aspects of Late Baroque Musical Style	p. 134
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)	p. 135
Fugue	p. 135
Listening Guide: Bach, Organ Fugue in G minor	p. 137
Bach's Orchestral Music	p. 139
Listening Guide: Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D major, 1st movement	p. 140
The Church Cantata	p. 141
What Did Mrs. Bach Do?	p. 143
Listening Guide: Bach, Awake, a Voice Is Calling, 1st movement	p. 144
Listening Guide: Bach, Awake, a Voice Is Calling, 4th movement	p. 146
Listening Guide: Bach, Awake, a Voice Is Calling, 7th movement	p. 148
Bach's Bones	p. 149
Key Words	p. 149
The Late Baroque: Handel	p. 150
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)	p. 150
Handel and the Orchestral Dance Suite	p. 151
Listening Guide: Handel, Water Music, Minuet and Trio	p. 152
Handel and Opera	p. 153
Handel and Oratorio	p. 153
The Theatrical Quality of Baroque Art	p. 154
Listening Guide: Handel, Messiah, "Rejoice greatly"	p. 156
Listening Guide: Handel, Messiah, "Hallelujah" chorus	p. 157
Key Words	p. 160
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 160
The Classical Period, 1750-1820	p. 162
Classical Style	p. 164
The Enlightenment	p. 164
Music and Social Change: Comic Opera	p. 165
Public Concerts	p. 166
The Advent of the Piano	p. 166
Elements of Classical Style	p. 167
Melody	p. 167
Harmony	p. 168
Rhythm	p. 168
Texture	p. 168
Classical Style in Painting	p. 169
The Dramatic Quality of Classical Music	p. 169
An Example of Classical Style	p. 170
Listening Guide: Mozart, The Marriage of Figaro, "If you want to dance"	p. 171
Key Words	p. 171
Classical Composers: Haydn and Mozart	p. 173
Vienna: A City of Music	p. 173
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)	p. 174
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)	p. 176
What's a Genius? Was Mozart a Musical Genius?	p. 177
Mozart and Amadeus	p. 178
Key Words	p. 179
Classical Forms: Ternary and Sonata-Allegro	p. 179
Ternary Form	p. 180
Minuet and Trio	p. 181
Listening Guide: Mozart, A Little Night Music, 3rd movement	p. 183
Listening Guide: Haydn, Symphony No. 94, the "Surprise," 3rd movement	p. 183
Sonata-Allegro Form	p. 184
The Shape of Sonata-Allegro Form	p. 185
Hearing Sonata-Allegro Form	p. 187
Listening Guide: Mozart, A Little Night Music, 1st movement	p. 188
Listening Guide: Mozart, Don Giovanni, Overture	p. 189
Key Words	p. 191
Classical Forms: Theme and Variations, Rondo	p. 191
Theme and Variations	p. 191
Mozart: Variations on Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star	p. 192
Haydn: Symphony No. 94 (the "Surprise" Symphony), 2nd movement	p. 193
Listening Guide Haydn, Symphony No. 94, the "Surprise," 2nd movement	p. 194
Rondo Form	p. 195
Mozart: Horn Concerto in E[Characters not reproducible] major, K. 495, 3rd movement (finale)	p. 196
Listening Guide: Mozart, Horn Concerto in E[Characters not reproducible] major, 3rd movement	p. 196
A Rondo by Sting	p. 198
Form, Mood, and the Listener's Expectations	p. 199
Key Words	p. 199
Classical Genres: Instrumental Music	p. 200
The Symphony and the Symphony Orchestra	p. 200
The Classical Symphony Orchestra	p. 201
Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550	p. 202
Listening Guide: Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st movement	p. 204
The String Quartet	p. 206
Haydn: Opus 76, No. 3, the "Emperor" Quartet (1797)	p. 207
Listening Guide: Haydn, String Quartet, the "Emperor," 2nd movement	p. 208
The Sonata	p. 209
The Concerto	p. 210
Mozart: Piano Concerto in A major (1786), K. 488	p. 211
Barbara Ployer: Concert Pianist	p. 212
Listening Guide: Mozart, Piano Concerto in A major, 1st movement	p. 212
Key Words	p. 214
Classical Genres: Vocal Music	p. 214
Classical Opera	p. 215
Mozart and Opera	p. 215
Mozart: Don Giovanni (1787), K. 527	p. 215
Lorenzo Da Ponte: Librettist to Mozart	p. 216
Listening Guide: Mozart, Don Giovanni, Act I, Scene 1	p. 217
Listening Guide: Mozart, Don Giovanni, Act I, Scene 7	p. 219
Key Words	p. 222
Beethoven: Bridge to Romanticism	p. 222
Beethoven's Music	p. 222
The Early Years (1770-1802)	p. 223
Piano Sonata, Opus 13, the "Pathetique" Sonata	p. 224
Listening Guide: Beethoven, Piano Sonata, Opus 13, the "Pathetique"	p. 225
Beethoven Becomes Deaf	p. 227
Music and Suffering	p. 228
The "Heroic" Period (1803-1813)	p. 228
Symphony No. 3 in E[Characters not reproducible] major ("Eroica")	p. 229
Symphony No. 5 in C minor	p. 229
Listening Guide: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, 1st movement	p. 232
Listening Guide: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, 2nd movement	p. 235
Listening Guide: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, 3rd movement	p. 237
Listening Guide: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, 4th movement	p. 238
The Final Years (1814-1827)	p. 239
Epilogue: Beethoven and the Nineteenth Century	p. 240
Key Words	p. 241
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 241
Romanticism, 1820-1900	p. 242
Introduction to Romanticism	p. 244
Romantic Inspiration, Romantic Creativity	p. 244
The Musician as "Artist," Music as "Art"	p. 245
Lord Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage	p. 246
Romantic Ideals and Today's Concert Hall	p. 247
The Style of Romantic Music	p. 247
Romantic Melody	p. 247
Colorful Harmony	p. 248
Romantic Tempo: Rubato	p. 249
Romantic Forms: Monumental and Miniature	p. 249
Expressive Tone Colors, Greater Size, Greater Volume	p. 250
The Romantic Orchestra	p. 250
The Conductor	p. 251
The Growth of the Symphony Orchestra	p. 252
The Virtuoso	p. 253
Coda	p. 254
Key Words	p. 255
Early Romantic Musk: The Art Song	p. 255
The Art Song	p. 255
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)	p. 256
Listening Guide: Schubert, Erlking	p. 259
Robert Schumann (1810-1856)	p. 261
Listening Guide: R. Schumann "Dedication" from Myrtles	p. 263
Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896)	p. 263
Where Were the Women?	p. 264
Listening Guide: C. Schumann, "If You Love for Beauty"	p. 265
Lives of Tragedy and Fidelity	p. 265
Key Words	p. 267
Early Romantic Music: Program Music	p. 267
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)	p. 268
Symphonic fantastique	p. 269
The Real End of the Program	p. 273
Listening Guide: Berlioz, Symphonie fantastique, 5th movement	p. 273
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)	p. 275
Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream	p. 276
Listening Guide: Mendelssohn Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream	p. 277
Key Words	p. 278
Early Romantic Music: Piano Music	p. 278
Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)	p. 279
Mazurka in B[Characters not reproducible] major, Opus 7, No. 1	p. 280
Listening Guide: Chopin, Mazurka in B[Characters not reproducible] major, Opus 7, No. 1	p. 280
Nocturne in C# minor, Opus 27, No. 1	p. 281
Listening Guide: Chopin, Nocturne in C# minor, Opus 27, No. 1	p. 282
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)	p. 283
Transcendental Etude No. 8, "Wilde Jagd" ("Wild Hunt")	p. 285
Listening Guide: Liszt, Transcendental Etude No. 8, "Wild Hunt"	p. 286
Key Words	p. 286
Romantic Opera: Italy	p. 287
Italian Bel Canto Opera	p. 287
Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)	p. 288
Verdi's Dramaturgy and Musical Style	p. 290
La traviata (1853)	p. 290
Listening Guide: Verdi, La traviata, Act I, Scene 4	p. 291
Listening Guide: Verdi, La traviata, Act I, Scene 6	p. 292
Key Words	p. 294
Romantic Opera: Germany	p. 295
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)	p. 295
Wagner's "Music Dramas"	p. 297
Tristan und Isolde (1865)	p. 298
Leitmotifs in Star Wars	p. 300
Listening Guide: Wagner, Liebestod, from Tristan und Isolde	p. 300
Key Words	p. 302
Nineteenth-Century Realistic Opera	p. 303
Georges Bizet's Carmen (1875)	p. 304
Carmen from Flop to Hip-Hop	p. 305
Listening Guide: Bizet, Habanera from Carmen	p. 305
Giacomo Puccini's La boheme (1896)	p. 307
Listening Guide: Puccini, Aria from La boheme	p. 308
Key Words	p. 309
Music and Nationalism	p. 309
Russian Nationalism: Modest Musorgsky (1839-1881)	p. 310
Pictures at an Exhibition (1874)	p. 310
Listening Guide: Musorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition	p. 312
Czech Nationalism: Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)	p. 314
Listening Guide: Dvorak, Furiant from Slavonic Dances, Opus 46	p. 316
Key Words	p. 316
Late Romantic Orchestral Music	p. 316
The Late Romantic Symphony	p. 317
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)	p. 317
Symphony No. 2 in D major (1877)	p. 319
Listening Guide: Brahms, Symphony No. 2 in D major, 3rd movement	p. 319
The Symphonic Poem	p. 320
Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)	p. 320
Symphonic Poem, Romeo and Juliet (1869; revised 1880)	p. 321
Listening Guide: Tchaikovsky, Romeo and Juliet	p. 323
The Orchestral Song	p. 324
Gustav Mahler (1860-1911)	p. 324
Orchestral Song, I Am Lost to the World, from the Five Ruckert Songs (1901-1902)	p. 326
Listening Guide: Mahler, I Am Lost to the World	p. 327
Key Words	p. 327
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 328
Modern and Postmodern Art Music, 1880-Present	p. 330
Impressionism	p. 332
Impressionism in Painting and Music	p. 332
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)	p. 333
Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun (1894)	p. 334
Listening Guide: Debussy, Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun	p. 336
Preludes for Piano (1910, 1913)	p. 338
Listening Guide: Debussy, Voiles, from Preludes, Book I	p. 340
Key Words	p. 341
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 341
Exoticism	p. 342
The Exotic of China: Puccini's Turandot (1924)	p. 343
Listening Guide: Puccini, "People of Peking," from Turandot	p. 344
Listening Guide: Puccini, "Lord, please listen!" from Turandot	p. 345
Listening Guide: Puccini, "Hello, Pang! Hello, Pong!" from Turandot	p. 346
The Exotic of Spain: Ravel's Bolero (1928)	p. 347
Listening Guide: Ravel, Bolero	p. 349
Key Words	p. 350
Modernism in Music and the Arts	p. 351
Modernism: An Anti-Romantic Movement	p. 351
Early-Twentieth-Century Musical Style	p. 353
Melody: More Angularity and Chromaticism	p. 353
Harmony: The "Emancipation of Dissonance," New Chords, New Systems	p. 354
Rhythm: New Asymmetrical Rhythms and Irregular Meters	p. 355
Tone Color: New Sounds from New Sources	p. 355
Key Words	p. 356
Early-Twentieth-Century Modernism	p. 357
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1974)	p. 357
Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring, 1913)	p. 358
Listening Guide: Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, Introduction and Scene 1	p. 362
Arnold Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School	p. 363
Expressionism and Atonality	p. 364
Pierrot Lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot, 1912)	p. 364
Listening Guide: Schoenberg, Moonstruck Pierrot, Number 6, Madonna	p. 366
Schoenberg's Twelve-Tone Music	p. 366
Trio from Suite for Piano (1924)	p. 367
Listening Guide: Schoenberg, Trio from Suite for Piano	p. 367
Key Words	p. 368
Russian and Eastern European Modernism	p. 369
Sergey Prokofiev (1891-1953)	p. 370
Classical Symphony (1917)	p. 370
Listening Guide: Prokofiev, Classical Symphony, 1st movement	p. 371
Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975)	p. 372
Symphony No. 5 (1937)	p. 372
Listening Guide: Shostakovich, Symphony No. 5, 4th movement	p. 373
Bela Bartok (1881-1945)	p. 374
Concerto for Orchestra (1943)	p. 375
Listening Guide: Bartok, Concerto for Orchestra, 4th movement	p. 377
Key Words	p. 377
Three American Voices	p. 378
Charles Ives (1874-1954)	p. 378
Ives's Music	p. 379
Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut from Three Places in New England (c1908-1914)	p. 379
Listening Guide: Ives, Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, 2nd movement	p. 381
Aaron Copland (1900-1990)	p. 382
Copland's Music	p. 383
Appalachian Spring (1944)	p. 383
Listening Guide: Copland, Appalachian Spring, Sections 1, 2, and 7	p. 385
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-)	p. 387
Listening Guide: Zwilich, Concerto Grosso 1985, 3rd movement	p. 388
Key Words	p. 389
Postmodernism	p. 389
Edgard Varese and Electronic Music (1883-1965)	p. 390
Poeme electronique (1958)	p. 391
Electronic Music: From Varese to Radiohead	p. 392
Listening Guide: Varese, Poeme electronique	p. 392
John Cage (1912-1992) and Chance Music	p. 393
4[prime]33[Prime] (1952)	p. 395
Listening Guide: Cage, 4[prime]33[Prime]	p. 395
John Adams (1947-) and Minimalism	p. 395
Short Ride in a Fast Machine (1986)	p. 397
Listening Guide Adams, Short Ride in a Fast Machine	p. 397
Tan Dun (1957-) and Globalization	p. 398
Marco Polo (1996)	p. 399
Listening Guide: Tan, Marco Polo	p. 399
Key Words	p. 400
Checklist of Musical Style	p. 400
Glossary	p. 402
Index	p. 411
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.