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Summary
Packaged with a free copy of ARIEL on CD-ROM, this paperback version of Robert DiYanni'sLiterature:Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Dramapresents 55 stories; 334 poems; 16 plays and offers the refreshingNew Voicesof authors who are writing today, in addition to classic works, eightAuthors in Context, and an engagingTransformationschapter.
Table of Contents
* signifies new work or section
INTRODUCTION
READING (AND WRITING ABOUT) LITERATURE
Reading Literature
The Pleasures of Fiction
The Dog and the Shadow
Learning to Be Silent
*Reading the Parable in Context
The Pleasures of Poetry
Robert Frost, Dust of Snow
*Reading Frost's Poem in Context
The Pleasures of Drama
*Reading a Play in Context
Understanding Literature:
*Experience
*Interpretation
*Evaluation
*Reading in Context
Writing About Literature
Reasons for Writing About Literature
Ways of Writing About Literature
The Writing Process
Stephen Crane, War Is Kind
PART ONE: FICTION
CHAPTER 1: READING STORIES
Luke: The Prodigal Son
The Experience of Fiction
The Interpretation of Fiction
Reading in Context
The Evaluation of Fiction
John Updike A&P
The Act of Reading Fiction
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF SHORT FICTION
Early Forms: Parable, Fable, and Tale
Aesop, The Wolf and the Mastiff
Petronius, The Widow of Ephesus
The Short Story
The Nonrealistic Story
The Short Novel
CHAPTER 3: THE ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Plot and Structure
Frank O'Connor, Guests of the Nation
Character
Kay Boyle, Astronomer's Wife
Setting
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh
Point of View
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Language and Style
James Joyce, Araby
Theme
Eudora Welty, A Worn Path
Irony and Symbol
D.H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner
CHAPTER 4: WRITING ABOUT FICTION
Reasons for Writing About Fiction
Informal Ways of Writing About Fiction
Annotation
Katherine Anne Porter, Magic
Freewriting
Formal Ways of Writing About Fiction
Student Papers on Fiction
Questions for Writing about Fiction
Suggestions for Writing
CHAPTER 5: THREE FICTION WRITERS IN CONTEXT
Reading Edgar Allan Poe and Flannery O'Connor
Questions for In-Depth Reading
*Edgar Allan Poe in Context
*Poe and Journalism
*Poe and the Horror Story
*Poe and the Detective Story
*The Dimension of Style
*Edgar Allan Poe: Stories
The Black Cat
*The Cask of Amontillado
*The Fall of the House of Usher
*The Purloined Letter
*Writer Inspired by Edgar Allan Poe
*Joyce Carol Oates, Artist
*Edgar Allan Poe: Essays
*Critics on Poe
*Flannery O'Connor in Context
*Southern Gothics
*The Catholic Dimension
*O'Connor's Irony
Flannery O'Connor: Stories
Good Country People
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Everything That Rises Must Converge
The Life You Save May Be Your Own
*Writer Inspired by Flannery O'Connor
Mary Hood, How Far She Went
Flannery O'Connor: Essays and Letters
Critics on O'Connor
CHAPTER 6: A COLLECTION OF SHORT FICTION
*Sherman Alexis, Indian Education
*Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings
*Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson
*Charles Baxter, Gryphon
Jorge Luis Borges, The Garden of Forking Paths
TRANSLATED BY DONALD YATES
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Anton Chekhov, The Kiss
TRANSLATED BY CONSTANCE GARNETT
Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal
*F. Scott Fitzgerald, Winter Dreams
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
TRANSLATED BY GREGORY RABASSA
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown
*Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants
*Ha Jin, Taking a Husband
James Joyce, The Boarding House
Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis
TRANSLATED BY ALEXIS WALKER
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl
*Alistair MacLeod, There is a Season
*Lorrie Moore, Community Life
*Alice Munro, Friend of My Youth
*Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried
*Frank O'Connor, My Oedipus Complex
Tilie Olson, I Stand Here Ironing
*Carol Shields, Dressing for the Carnival
Leslie Marmon Silko, Yellow Woman
Amy Tan, Rules of the Game
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
Eudora Welty, Why I live at the P.O.
*New Voices
Maile Meloy, Ranch Girl
Timothy A. Westmoreland, Darkening of the World
*Literature in the News
*Catcher in the Rye
*Bad Writing
*Oprah's Book Club
*The Best Book in the World
PART TWO: POETRY
CHAPTER 7: READING POEMS
The Experience of Poetry
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
*Reading in Context
The Interpretation of Poetry
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
*Reading in Context
The Evaluation of Poetry
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
The Act of Reading Poetry
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz
CHAPTER 8: TYPES OF POETRY
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry
CHAPTER 9: ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Voice: Speaker and Tone
Stephen Crane, War Is Kind
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
Muriel Stuart, In the Orchard
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Thou art indeed just, Lord
Anonymous, Western Wind
Henry Reed, Naming of Parts
Jacques Prevert, Family Portrait
Diction
William Wordsworth, I wandered lonely as a cloud
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy
William Wordsworth, It is a beauteous evening
Robert Herrick, Delight in Disorder
Adrienne Rich, Rape
Imagery
Elizabeth Bishop, First Death in Nova Scotia
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Robert Browning, Meeting at Night
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), Heat
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones
Figures of Speech: Simile and Metaphor
William Shakespeare, That time of year thou may'st in me behold
John Donne, Hymn to God the Father
Robert Wallace, The Double-Play
Louis Simpson, The Battle
Judith Wright, Woman to Child
Symbolism and Allegory
Peter Meinke, Advice to My Son
Christina Rossetti, Up-Hill
William Blake, A Poison Tree
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
George Herbert, Virtue
Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death
Syntax
John Donne, The Sun Rising
Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed
William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His Death
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent
E. E. Cummings, Me up at does
Stevie Smith, Mother Among the Dustbins
Sound: Rhyme, Alliteration, Assonance
Gerard Manley Hopkins, In the Valley of the Elwy
Thomas Hardy, During Wind and Rain
Alexander Pope, Sound and Sense
Bob McKenty, Adam's Song
May Swenson, The Universe
Helen Chasin, The Word Plum
Rhythm and Meter
Robert Frost, The Span of Life
George Gordon, Lord Byron The Destruction of Sennacherib
Anne Sexton, Her Kind
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
Structure: Closed Form and Open Form
John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
Walt Whitman, When I heard the learn'd astronomer
E. E. Cummings, el(a
E. E. Cummings, [Buffalo Bill's]
William Carlos Williams, The Dance
Denise Levertov, O Taste and See
Theodore Roethke, The Waking
C. P. Cavafy, The City
TRANSLATED BY EDMUND KEELEY AND PHILIP SHERRARD
Theme
Emily Dickinson, Crumbling is not an instant's Act
CHAPTER 10: TRANSFORMATIONS
Revisions
William Blake, London
William Butler Yeats, A Dream of Death
Emily Dickinson, The Wind begun to knead (rock) the
Grass
D. H. Lawrence, Piano
Langston Hughes, Ballad of Booker T.
Parodies
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say
Kenneth Koch, Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Carrion Comfort
Gary Layne Hatch, Terrier Torment; or, Mr.Hopkins and His Dog
William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer's day
Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day
Robert Frost, Dust of Snow
Bob McKenty, Snow on Frost
Poems and Paintings
Vincent Van Gogh, The Starry Night
Anne Sexton, The Starry Night
Francesco de Goya, The Third of May, 1808
David Gewanter Goya's The Third of May, 1808
Pieter Breughel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus