Literature of the Western World, Volume II Neoclassicism Through the Modern Period

by Wilkie, Brian; Hurt, James

• ISBN13: 9780130186676
• ISBN10: 0130186678
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-31
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

The most comprehensive best-selling anthology of its kind, the second volume in this two-part survey enables readers to choose among the most important canonical and less-familiar texts of the Western literary tradition in Europe and the Americas. It offers complete texts whenever possible, uses the best translations of foreign-language material, and, when appropriate, presents more than one text by each author.Volume Two provides detailed historical and biographical notes and introductions to the later literary periods including Neoclassicism and Romanticism; Realism and Naturalism; and Modern and Contemporary.Individuals interested in a comprehensive look at Western literature through the ages.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Neoclassicism and Romanticism	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Neoclassicism	1	(427)
Jean de la Fontaine (1621--1695)	18	(18)
From Fables	22	(14)
Marianne Moore
The Grasshopper and the Ant	22	(1)
The Heifer, the Goat, and the Sheep in Partnership with a Lion	22	(1)
The Wolf and the Lamb	23	(1)
Death and the Woodman	23	(1)
The Hornets and the Honey Bees	24	(1)
The Oak and the Reed	25	(1)
The Rats in Council	26	(1)
The Bat and the Two Weasels	27	(1)
The Cock and the Fox	28	(1)
The Wolf and the Stork	28	(1)
The Pot of Clay and the Pot of Iron	29	(1)
The Animals Sick of the Plague	30	(1)
The Power of Fable	31	(2)
The Funeral of the Lioness	33	(1)
The Judge, the Hospitaler, and the Hermit	34	(2)
Moliere (1622--1673)	36	(51)
Tartuffe	38	(49)
Richard Wilbur
Marie de La Vergne de La Fayette (1634--1693)	87	(96)
The Princesse de Cleves	92	(91)
Nancy Mitford
Leonard Tancock
Jean Racine (1639--1699)	183	(44)
Phaedra	186	(41)
John Cairncross
Jonathan Swift (1667--1745)	227	(63)
From Gulliver's Travels	231	(52)
Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms	232	(51)
A Modest Proposal	283	(7)
Alexander Pope (1688--1744)	290	(17)
From an Essay on Man	293	(14)
Voltaire (1697--1778)	307	(71)
Candide	310	(68)
Tobias Smollett
J.C. Thornton
Denis Diderot (1713--1784)	378	(24)
Rameau's Nephew	380	(22)
John Hope Mason
Cultural Texts of Neoclassicism	402	(1)
Francis Bacon (1561--1626)	402	(3)
From The New Organon	402	(3)
James Spedding
R. L. Ellis
D. D. Health
Rene Descartes (1596--1650)	405	(3)
From Discourse on Method	405	(3)
G. B. Rawlings
Thomas Hobbes (1588--1679)	408	(4)
From Leviathan	408	(4)
Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux (1636--1711)	412	(9)
From The Art of Poetry	412	(9)
William Soame
John Dryden
John Locke (1632--1704)	421	(2)
From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding	421	(2)
Thomas Jefferson (1743--1826)	423	(1)
The American Declaration of Independence	423	(1)
The French National Assembly (1743--1826)	423	(5)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	426	(2)
J. H. Stewart
Romanticism	428	(719)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712--1778)	428	(33)
From Confessions	433	(28)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749--1832)	461	(177)
Faust, Part 1	465	(173)
Randall Jarrell
Romantic Lyric Poetry (c. 1760--1850)	637	(1)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749--1832)	638	(6)
Welcome and Farewell	639	(1)
Christopher Middleton
Rosebud in the Heather	640	(1)
John Frederick Nims
Prometheus	640	(2)
Michael Hamburger
Gretchen at the Spinningwheel	642	(1)
Christopher Middleton
Erlkonig	643	(1)
Christopher Middleton
Eibhlin Dhubh Ni Chonaill (1743--?)	644	(11)
Lament for Art O'Leary	645	(10)
Anonymous (Nineteenth Century)	655	(2)
The Grief of a Girl's Heart	655	(2)
William Blake (1757--1827)	657	(28)
Songs of Innocence and of Experience	659	(26)
Songs of Innocence	659	(1)
Introduction	659	(1)
The Shepherd	660	(1)
The Ecchoing Green	660	(1)
The Lamb	661	(1)
The Little Black Boy	661	(1)
The Blossom	662	(1)
The Chimney Sweeper	662	(1)
The Little Boy Lost	663	(1)
The Little Boy Found	663	(1)
Laughing Song	664	(1)
A Cradle Song	664	(1)
The Divine Image	665	(1)
Holy Thursday	666	(1)
Night	666	(1)
Spring	667	(1)
Nurse's Song	668	(1)
Infant Joy	668	(1)
A Dream	669	(1)
On Anothers Sorrow	669	(1)
Songs of Experience	670	(1)
Introduction	670	(1)
Earth's Answer	671	(1)
The Clod & the Pebble	672	(1)
Holy Thursday	672	(1)
The Little Girl Lost	673	(1)
The Little Girl Found	674	(1)
The Chimney Sweeper	675	(1)
Nurse's Song	676	(1)
The Sick Rose	676	(1)
The Fly	676	(1)
The Angel	677	(1)
The Tyger	677	(1)
My Pretty Rose Tree	678	(1)
Ah! Sun-flower	678	(1)
The Lilly	679	(1)
The Garden of Love	679	(1)
The Little Vagabond	679	(1)
London	680	(1)
The Human Abstract	680	(1)
Infant Sorrow	681	(1)
A Poison Tree	681	(1)
A Little Boy Lost	682	(1)
A Little Girl Lost	682	(1)
To Tirzah	683	(1)
The School Boy	683	(2)
The Voice of the Ancient Bard	685	(1)
A Divine Image	685	(1)
Friendrich Schiller (1759--1805)	685	(8)
Hymn to Joy	687	(3)
E.P. Arnold-Foster
The Gods of Greece	690	(3)
E.P. Arnold-Foster
William Wordsworth (1770--1850)	693	(14)
Lines: Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey	694	(4)
A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal	698	(1)
Composed Upon Westminster Bridge	698	(1)
It Is a Beauteous Evening, Calm and Free	699	(1)
London, 1802	699	(1)
The World Is Too Much with Us	700	(1)
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud	700	(1)
The Solitary Reaper	701	(1)
My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold	701	(1)
Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood	702	(5)
Early Childhood	702	(5)
Friedrich Holderlin (1770--1843)	707	(8)
Patmos	709	(5)
Michael Hamburger
Half of Life	714	(1)
J. B. Leishman
Ripe, Being Plunged into Fire...	715	(1)
J. B. Leishman
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772--1834)	715	(6)
Dejection: An Ode	716	(3)
Kubla Khan	719	(2)
Novalis (1772--1801)	721	(6)
Hymns to the Night, 1, 2, and 5	722	(5)
Dick Higgins
John Keats (1795--1821)	727	(16)
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	728	(1)
The Eve of St. Agnes	729	(10)
Ode to a Nightingale	739	(2)
Ode on a Grecian Urn	741	(2)
Annette von Drost-Hulshoff (1797--1848)	743	(3)
On the Tower	744	(1)
James Edward Tobin
In the Grass	745	(1)
James Edward Tobin
Heinrich Heine (1797--1856)	746	(12)
In May, the Magic Month of May	747	(1)
Louis Untermeyer
On Wings of Songs	747	(1)
Louis Untermeyer
The Grenadiers	748	(1)
Louis Untermeyer
The Lorelei	749	(1)
Felix Pollak
The Gods of Greece	750	(2)
Vernon Watkins
Adam the First	752	(1)
Aaron Kramer
The Silesian Weavers	753	(1)
Aaron Kramer
Which Way Now	753	(1)
Max Knight
The Slave Ship	754	(4)
Aaron Kramer
Giacomo Leopardi (1798--1837)	758	(8)
The Solitary Sparrow	759	(2)
Kate Flores
The Infinite	761	(1)
Kate Flores
To Sylvia	761	(2)
Muriel Kittel
Nocturne of a Wandering Shepherd in Asia	763	(3)
Muriel Kittel
Victor Hugo (1802--1885)	766	(8)
The Child Appears	767	(2)
Harry Guest
June Nights	769	(1)
Harry Guest
Childhood	769	(1)
Harry Guest
On Our Hills of the Past...	769	(2)
Harry Guest
At Dawn, Tomorrow...	771	(1)
Harry Guest
Russia 1812	771	(2)
Robert Lowell
At Gautier's Grave	773	(1)
Robert Lowell
Gerard de Nerval (1808--1855)	774	(6)
From the Chimeras	775	(5)
Derek Mahon
El Desdichado	775	(1)
Myrtho	776	(1)
Horus	777	(1)
Anteros	778	(1)
Delphica	778	(1)
Artemis	779	(1)
Mary Shelley (1797--1851)	780	(132)
Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus	783	(129)
Alexander Pushkin (1799--1837)	912	(12)
The Bronze Horseman	916	(8)
D. M. Thomas
Honore de Balzac (1799--1850)	924	(45)
Colonel Chabert	928	(41)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809--1892)	969	(11)
The Lotos-Eaters	972	(5)
Ulysses	977	(1)
Tithonus	978	(2)
Robert Browning (1812--1889)	980	(14)
My Last Duchess	983	(1)
The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church	984	(3)
Andrea del Sarto	987	(7)
Frederick Douglass (1818?--1895)	994	(67)
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave	996	(65)
Walt Whitman (1819--1892)	1061	(16)
I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing	1064	(1)
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking	1065	(5)
When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer	1070	(1)
When Lilac Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd	1070	(7)
A Noiseless Patient Spider	1077	(1)
Herman Melville (1819--1891)	1077	(28)
Bartelby Scrivener	1080	(25)
Emily Dickinson (1830--1886)	1105	(12)
Success is counted sweetest	1107	(1)
I'm ``wife''--I've finished that--	1107	(1)
I taste a liquor never brewed--	1108	(1)
There's a certain Slant of light	1108	(1)
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain	1109	(1)
The Soul selects her own Society--	1109	(1)
Before I got my eye put out	1110	(1)
A Bird came down the Walk--	1110	(1)
After great pain, a formal feeling comes--	1111	(1)
What Soft--Cherubic Creatures--	1112	(1)
Much Madness is divinest Sense--	1112	(1)
I heard a Fly buzz--when I died--	1112	(1)
I am alive--I guess--	1113	(1)
I like to see it lap the Miles--	1114	(1)
Because I could not stop for Death--	1114	(1)
Presentiment--is that long Shadow--on the Lawn--	1115	(1)
Ample make this Bed--	1115	(1)
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant--	1116	(1)
My life closed twice before it close--	1116	(1)
Cultural Texts of Romanticism	1117	(1)
Edmund Burke (1729--1797)	1117	(7)
From the Sublime and the Beautiful	1117	(7)
Friedrich von Schiller (1759--1805)	1124	(3)
From On Simple and Sentimental Poetry	1124	(3)
William Wordsworth (1770--1850)	1127	(6)
From Preface to Lyrical Ballads	1127	(6)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749--1832)	1133	(1)
From Conversations with Goethe	1133	(1)
by John Oxenford
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759--1797)	1134	(3)
From A Vindication of the Rights of Women	1134	(3)
Victor Hugo (1802--1885)	1137	(4)
From Preface to Cromwell	1137	(4)
George Burnham Ives
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1170--1831)	1141	(6)
From The Philosophy of History	1141	(6)
John Sibree
Realism and Naturalism	1147	(296)
Introduction	1147	(6)
Gustave Flaubert (1821--1880)	1153	(25)
A Simple Heart	1156	(22)
Arthur McDowall
Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821--1881)	1178	(89)
Notes from Underground	1182	(71)
Constance Garnett
From The Brothers Karamazov
The Grand Inquisitor	1253	(14)
Constance Garnett
Leo Tolstoy (1828--1910)	1267	(55)
The Kreutzer Sonata	1270	(52)
Louise
Aylmer Maude
J. D. Duff
Henrik Ibsen (1828--1906)	1322	(52)
A Doll House	1326	(48)
Rolf Fjelde
Anton Chekhov (1860--1904)	1374	(48)
Gooseberries	1378	(7)
Constance Garnett
The Cherry Orchard	1385	(37)
Constance Garnett
Cultural Texts of Realism and Naturalism	1422	(1)
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (1819--1880)	1422	(6)
From Adam Bede	1422	(6)
Emile Zola (1840--1902)	1428	(9)
From The Experimental Novel	1428	(9)
Belle M. Sherman
Anton Chekov (1860--1437)	1437	(3)
From Letters	1437	(3)
Constance Garnett
Leo Tolstoy (1828--1910)	1440	(3)
From Afterward to The Kreutzer Sonata	1440	(3)
Moderns and Contemporaries	1443	(10)
Introduction	1443	(10)
Modern Literature	1453	(417)
French Symbolist and Modernist Poetry (c. 1840--c. 1920)	1453	(3)
Charles Baudelaire (1821--1867)	1456	(10)
To the Reader	1456	(2)
Stanley Kunitz
The Albatross	1458	(1)
Richard Howard
Correspondences	1458	(1)
Kate Flores
The Head of Hair	1459	(1)
Richard Howard
Carrion	1460	(1)
Richard Howard
Spleen (IV)	1461	(1)
Richard Howard
Parisian Dream	1462	(2)
Richard Howard
A Voyage to Cythera	1464	(2)
Richard Howard
Tristan Corbiere (1845--1875)	1466	(3)
Paris by Night	1466	(1)
C. F. MacIntyre
Paris by Day	1467	(1)
C. F. MacIntyre
The End	1467	(2)
Kate Flores
Paul Verlaine (1844--1896)	1469	(4)
Songs of the Ingenues	1469	(1)
C. F. MacIntyre
Sentimental Conversation	1470	(1)
C. F. MacIntyre
Songs without Words, VIII	1471	(1)
C. F.l MacIntyre
Wisdom, Book III: V	1471	(1)
Brandon Witherspoon
The Art of Poetry	1472	(1)
C. F. MacIntyre
Arthur Rimbaud (1854--1891)	1473	(4)
The Drunken Boat	1473	(1)
Stephen Stepanchev
Vowels	1473	(4)
Louise Varese
Stephane Mallarme (1842--1898)	1477	(2)
Windows	1477	(1)
Daisy Aldan
The Azure	1478	(1)
Kate Flores
Jules Laforgue (1860--1887)	1479	(3)
For the Book of Love	1479	(1)
Vernon Watkins
The Approach of Winter	1480	(2)
Joseph Bennett
Guillaume Apollinaire (1880--1918)	1482	(2)
Annie	1482	(1)
Dudley Fitts
Company Commander	1482	(1)
Dudley Fitts
The Pretty Redhead	1483	(1)
Kate Flores
Paul Valery (1871--1945)	1484	(4)
Helen	1484	(1)
Andrew Chiappe
Song of Columns	1485	(2)
Vernon Watkins
Asides	1487	(1)
Jay Smith
Joseph Conrad (1857--1924)	1488	(64)
Heart of Darkness	1491	(61)
William Butler Yeats (1865--1939)	1552	(17)
The Lake Isle of Innisfree	1556	(1)
To Ireland in the Coming Times	1556	(2)
He Remembers Forgotten Beauty	1558	(1)
A Coat	1558	(1)
Easter 1916	1559	(2)
The Second Coming	1561	(1)
Sailing to Byzantium	1562	(1)
Leda and the Swan	1563	(1)
Among School Children	1563	(2)
Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop	1565	(1)
Lapis Lazuli	1566	(1)
The Circus Animals' Desertion	1567	(2)
Luigi Pirandello (1867--1936)	1569	(50)
Six Characters in Search of an Author	1572	(47)
Frederick May
Rainer Maria Rilke (1875--1926)	1619	(8)
The Panther	1623	(1)
Stephen Mitchell
Archaic Torso of Apollo	1624	(1)
Stephen Mitchell
The First Elegy	1624	(3)
Stephen Mitchell
Thomas Mann (1875--1955)	1627	(26)
Disorder and Early Sorrow	1629	(24)
H. T. Lowe-Porter
James Joyce (1882--1941)	1653	(33)
The Dead	1657	(29)
Virginia Woolf (1882--1941)	1686	(19)
The Mark on the Wall	1689	(5)
From A Room of One's Own
Shakespeare's Sister	1694	(11)
Franz Kafka (1883--1924)	1705	(35)
The Metamorphosis	1708	(32)
Willa
Edwin Muir
D. H. Lawrence (1885--1930)	1740	(14)
The Horse Dealer's Daughter	1743	(11)
T. S. Eliot (1888--1965)	1754	(24)
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	1758	(4)
The Waste Land	1762	(16)
Anna Akhmatova (1889--1966)	1778	(11)
From Evening
``The Pillow Hot...''	1781	(1)
D. M. Thomas
Reading Hamlet	1781	(1)
D. M. Thomas
``I Have Written Down the Words...''	1782	(1)
D. M. Thomas
Song of the Last Meeting	1782	(1)
D. M. Thomas
Requiem	1783	(6)
D. M. Thomas
William Faulkner (1897--1962)	1789	(24)
An Odor of Verbena	1792	(21)
Bertolt Brecht (1898--1956)	1813	(57)
The Good Woman of Setzuan	1816	(54)
Eric Bentley
Contemporary Literature	1870	(365)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905--1980)	1870	(30)
No Exit	1873	(27)
Stuart Gilbert
Jorge Luis Borges (1899--1986)	1900	(13)
Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius	1902	(11)
James E. Irby
Samuel Beckett (1906--1989)	1913	(11)
Krapp's Last Tape	1916	(8)
Richard Wright (1908--1960)	1924	(35)
The Man Who Lived Underground	1924	(35)
Italo Calvino (1923--1985)	1959	(29)
From Italian Folktales	1962	(26)
George Martin
The Parrot	1962	(3)
The Canary Prince	1965	(4)
Quack, Quack! Stick to My Back!	1969	(3)
Fair Brow	1972	(2)
The Five Scapegraces	1974	(5)
Catherine the Wise	1979	(4)
Wormwood	1983	(5)
James Baldwin (1924--1987)	1988	(25)
Sonny's Blues	1990	(23)
Cynthia Ozick (1928-- )	2013	(33)
The Shawl	2016	(30)
Athol Fugard (1932-- )	2046	(34)
``Master Harold''...and the Boys	2049	(31)
Chinua Achebe (1930-- )	2080	(93)
Things Fall Apart	2084	(89)
Cultural Texts of the Modern and Contemporary Periods	2173	(1)
Karl Marx (1818--1883)	2173	(1)
Friedrich Engels (1818--1883)	2173	(9)
From The Communist Manifesto	2173	(9)
Samuel Morse
Charles Darwin (1809--1882)	2182	(6)
From On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection	2182	(6)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844--1900)	2188	(2)
From Beyond Good and Evil	2188	(2)
Walter Kaufmann
James George Frazer (1854--1941)	2190	(8)
From the Golden Bough	2190	(8)
Sigmund Freud (1856--1939)	2198	(3)
From the Interpretation of Dreams	2198	(3)
James Strachey
Oscar Wilde (1854--1900)	2201	(10)
From the Decay of Lying	2201	(9)
From Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray	2210	(1)
W. E. B. Du Bois (1868--1963)	2211	(5)
From The Souls of Black Folk	2211	(5)
Simone de Beauvoir (1908--1986)	2216	(8)
From The Second Sex	2216	(8)
H. M. Parshley
Raymond Williams (1921--1988)	2224	(11)
From The Long Revolution	2224	(11)
Chronology	2235	(15)
Acknowledgments	2250	(5)
Index	2255

Excerpts

Preface This fifth edition ofLiterature of the Western Worldis intended, as its predecessors were, to provide the best possible materials for courses in the literatures of Europe and America from the earliest times to the present. It is a textbook in the broad sense of "a book of texts," rather than in the narrow one of a book arranged along the lines of a single course. It is a small library of Western literature upon which a wide range of courses might be based and which students might preserve after a particular class is over as a useful part of their personal libraries. Through the successive incarnations of the book, the editors have clung to a quite personal conception of their roles as participants in a conversation with instructors and students who use the book, and they have made choices of texts and presentation accordingly. In such a conversation, the first question is, inevitably, "What shall we read?" This text is limited to the literatures of Europe and America and thus is designed either for courses in Western literature or for the Western portions of courses in global literature. The editors are acutely aware that the West is not the world and that a course in Western literature, even a two-semester one, should be part of a curriculum that includes non-Western literature as well, preferably with books that treat the literatures of East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and South America as thoroughly as this one does Western literature. Even within Western literature, two volumes, thick as they are, can include only a tiny fraction of the most highly regarded and most influential works. The editors have adopted principles of both balance and range in making their hard choices. The text goes from about 2000 B.C. to 2000 A.D., and the editors have tried to represent the earlier periods as fully and fairly as the later ones. The temporal range and balance are matched by a range and balance of literary modes. If the works included were divided into the modes of lyric, narrative, and drama, the result would be three substantial anthologies of poems, stories, and plays. The national literatures within the boundaries of the subject have been represented in a balanced way as well, as far as possible. Balance, too, has been the goal in the representation of "high" and "low" literature (bothOedipus Rexand Aesop'sFables) and literature by women and men (Marguerite de Navarre as well as Boccaccio, Anna Akhmatova as well as Rainer Maria Rilke). The way the texts are presented has been as important to the editors as their selection. The editors are aware that most students who useLiterature of the Western Worldare encountering the works in it for the first time. Therefore, they try to make the initial encounter as rich and meaningful as possible. This means that translations of works in languages other than English must be carefully chosen, not only for accuracy but also for readability and, above all, for capturing the literary quality of the original as vividly as possible. Robert Fitzgerald's translations of theIliadand theOdyssey,the longest selection from a single author in the anthology, achieve these goals, as do Robert Fagles's and Phillip Vellacott's translations of Greek tragedy, H. R. Huse's translation of theDivine Comedy,Louise and Aylmer Maude's translations of Tolstoy, and Stephen Mitchell's translations of Rilke. In a number of cases, we have been able to include translations by distinguished writers in their own right. Thus the Irish poets Thomas Kinsella and Derek Mahon translate the IrishTainand the poems of Gerard de Nerval; the American poets Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, William Cullen Bryant, W. S. Merwin, and Denise Levertov translate some of the Renaissance lyrics; Marianne Moore and Richard Wilbur translate La Fontaine and Moliere respectively; and Randall Jarrell translatesFaust.The great Englis