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Literature and the Writing Process,9780139132117

Literature and the Writing Process

by McMahan, Elizabeth; Day, Susan; Funk, Robert

Edition:

5th

ISBN13:

9780139132117

ISBN10:

0139132112

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

8/1/1998

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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This is the 5th edition with a publication date of 8/1/1998.

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Table of Contents

Thematic Contents

xxi

Preface

xxvii

Part I Composing: An Overview

1

(50)

The Prewriting Process

3

(14)

Reading for Writing

3

(4)

``Eveline''

4

(3)

James Joyce

Who Are My Readers?

7

(1)

Analyze the Audience

7

(1)

Prewriting Exercise

7

(1)

Why Am I Writing?

8

(1)

Reasons for Writing

8

(1)

Prewriting Exercise

8

(1)

What Ideas Should I Use?

9

(4)

What Is Critical Thinking?

9

(1)

Self-Questioning

9

(1)

Directed Freewriting

10

(1)

Problem-Solving

11

(1)

Clustering

11

(1)

Directed Freewriting

12

(1)

What Point Should I Make?

13

(4)

Relate a Part to the Whole

13

(1)

How Do I Find the Theme?

13

(1)

Clustering

14

(1)

Stating the Thesis

15

(2)

The Writing Process

17

(14)

How Should I Organize My Ideas?

17

(1)

The Basic Approach: Devising a Plan

17

(3)

Ordering the Ideas

18

(1)

Maintaining a Critical Focus

19

(1)

Distinguishing Critical Comments from Plot Details

19

(1)

Developing with Details

20

(1)

Questions for Consideration

20

(1)

How Should I Begin?

20

(2)

Postpone if Nothing Comes

21

(1)

Write an Appealing Opening

21

(1)

State the Thesis

21

(1)

How Should I End?

22

(1)

Relate the Discussion to Theme

22

(1)

Postpone or Write Ahead

22

(1)

Write an Emphatic Final Sentence

22

(1)

Composing the First Draft

23

(1)

Pausing to Rescan

23

(1)

Citing Your Sources

23

(1)

Enlisting Help from Peers

24

(2)

Peer Evaluation Checklist for Revision

25

(1)

Sample Student Paper: First Draft

26

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

26

(4)

Ideas for Writing

30

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

30

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

30

(1)

The Rewriting Process

31

(20)

What Is Revision?

31

(1)

What Should I Add or Take Out?

32

(3)

Outlining After the First Draft

32

(1)

Making the Outline

32

(1)

Checking the Outline

33

(1)

Sample After-Writing Outline

33

(1)

Examining the Sample Outline

34

(1)

Outlining Exercise

34

(1)

What Should I Rearrange?

35

(1)

Which Sentences Should I Combine?

36

(2)

Combining for Conciseness

37

(1)

Sentence Combining Exercise

37

(1)

Rearranging for Emphasis and Variety

38

(1)

Varying the Pattern

38

(1)

Exercise on Style

39

(1)

Which Words Should I Change?

39

(4)

Check Your Verbs

39

(1)

Exercise on Word Choice

40

(1)

Use Active Voice Most of the Time

40

(1)

Use Passive Voice if Appropriate

41

(1)

Exercise on Passive Voice

41

(1)

Feel the Words

41

(1)

Attend to Tone

42

(1)

Use Formal Language

42

(1)

Does It Flow?

43

(1)

Transitional Terms for All Occasions

44

(1)

What Is Editing?

44

(2)

Proofreading: Try Doing It Backward

44

(1)

Look for Your Typical Errors

44

(1)

Revising Checklist

45

(1)

Proofreading Checklist

46

(1)

Read the Paper Aloud

46

(1)

Find a Friend to Help

46

(1)

Sample Student Paper: Final Draft

46

(5)

Part II Writing About Short Fiction

51

(89)

How Do I Read Short Fiction?

53

(6)

Notice the Structure

53

(1)

Subplots

54

(1)

Consider Point of View and Setting

54

(1)

Study the Characters

55

(1)

Foils

56

(1)

Look for Specialized Literary Techniques

56

(1)

Examine the Title

57

(1)

Continue Questioning to Discover Theme

57

(2)

Critical Questions for Reading the Short Story

58

(1)

Writing About Structure

59

(12)

What Is Structure?

59

(1)

How Do I Discover Structure?

60

(1)

Looking at Structure

60

(7)

``Everyday Use''

61

(6)

Alice Walker

Prewriting

67

(1)

Finding Patterns

67

(1)

Writing

67

(1)

Grouping Details

67

(1)

Relating Details to Theme

68

(1)

Ideas for Writing

68

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

68

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

68

(1)

Rewriting

69

(2)

Integrating Quotations Gracefully

69

(1)

Exercise on Integrating Quotations

69

(2)

Writing About Imagery and Symbolism

71

(23)

What Are Images?

71

(1)

What Are Symbols?

72

(1)

Archetypal Symbols

72

(1)

Phallic and Yonic Symbols

72

(1)

How Will I Recognize Symbols?

73

(1)

Reference Works on Symbols

73

(1)

Looking at Images and Symbols

73

(7)

``The Lottery''

74

(6)

Shirley Jackson

Prewriting

80

(1)

Interpreting Symbols

80

(1)

Writing

80

(1)

Producing a Workable Thesis

81

(1)

Exercise on Thesis Statements

81

(1)

Ideas for Writing

81

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

81

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

82

(1)

Rewriting

82

(1)

Sharpening the Introduction

82

(1)

Sample Student Paper

83

(11)

Writing About Point of View

94

(13)

What Is Point of View?

94

(2)

Describing Point of View

95

(1)

Shifting and Unreliable Narrators

95

(1)

Looking at Point of View

96

(8)

``Haircut''

97

(7)

Ring Lardner

Prewriting

104

(1)

Identifying Point of View

104

(1)

Writing

104

(1)

Relating Point of View to Theme

104

(1)

Ideas for Writing

104

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

104

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

104

(1)

Rewriting

105

(2)

Sharpening the Conclusion

105

(2)

Writing About Setting and Atmosphere

107

(9)

What Are Setting and Atmosphere?

107

(1)

Looking at Setting and Atmosphere

107

(4)

``The Storm''

108

(3)

Kate Chopin

Prewriting

111

(1)

Prewriting Exercise

111

(1)

Writing

112

(1)

Discovering an Organization

112

(1)

Ideas for Writing

112

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

112

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

113

(1)

Rewriting: Organization and Style

113

(3)

Checking Your Organization

113

(1)

Improving the Style: Balanced Sentences

113

(1)

Sentence Modeling Exercise

114

(2)

Writing About Theme

116

(24)

What Is Theme?

116

(1)

Looking at Theme

117

(14)

``Good Country People''

118

(13)

Flannery O'Connor

Prewriting

131

(1)

Figuring Out the Theme

131

(1)

Stating the Theme

131

(1)

Writing

132

(1)

Choosing Supporting Details

132

(1)

Ideas for Writing

132

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

132

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

133

(1)

Rewriting

133

(1)

Achieving Coherence

133

(1)

Checking for Coherence

133

(1)

Editing: Improving Connections

134

(1)

Repeat Words and Synonyms

134

(1)

Try Parallel Structure

135

(1)

Sample Student Paper

135

(5)

Anthology of Short Fiction

140

(331)

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)

Young Goodman Brown

140

(9)

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)

The Cask of Amontillado

149

(5)

Mark Twain (1835-1910)

The Story of the Bad Little Boy

154

(2)

Kate Chopin (1851-1904)

The Storm (in Chapter 8)

The Awakening

156

(86)

The Story of an Hour

242

(2)

Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852-1930)

The Revolt of ``Mother''

244

(11)

Edith Wharton (1862-1937)

Roman Fever

255

(9)

Willa Cather (1873-1947)

Paul's Case

264

(13)

Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941)

Hands

277

(4)

Susan Glaspell (1882-1948)

A Jury of Her Peers

281

(14)

James Joyce (1882-1941)

Eveline (in Chapter 1)

Araby

295

(4)

Ring Lardner (1885-1933)

Haircut (in Chapter 7)

D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930)

The Rocking-Horse Winner

299

(10)

Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980)

The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

309

(6)

William Faulkner (1897-1962)

A Rose for Emily

315

(6)

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)

Hills Like White Elephants

321

(4)

Zora Neale Hurston (1901-1960)

The Gilded Six-Bits

325

(8)

Arna Bontemps (1902-1973)

A Summer Tragedy

333

(6)

John Steinbeck (1902-1968)

The Chrysanthemums

339

(7)

Frank O'Connor (1903-1966)

My Oedipus Complex

346

(8)

Richard Wright (1908-1960)

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

354

(9)

Eudora Welty (1909- )

A Worn Path

363

(6)

John Cheever (1912-1982)

The Swimmer

369

(8)

Tillie Olsen (1913- )

I Stand Here Ironing

377

(6)

Shirley Jackson (1919-1965)

The Lottery (in Chapter 6)

Hisaye Yamamoto (1921- )

Seventeen Syllables

383

(9)

Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964)

Good Country People (in Chapter 9)

A Good Man Is Hard to Find

392

(11)

Chinua Achebe (1930- )

Dead Men's Path

403

(3)

Alice Munro (1931- )

Royal Beatings

406

(15)

John Updike (1932- )

A & P

421

(5)

Claire Kemp (1936- )

Keeping Company

426

(4)

Bessie Head (1937-1986)

Life

430

(7)

Raymond Carver (1938-1988)

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love

437

(8)

Joyce Carol Oates (1938- )

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

445

(12)

Toni Cade Bambara (1939-1995)

The Lesson

457

(5)

Alice Walker (1944- )

Everyday Use (in Chapter 5)

Sandra Cisneros (1954- )

The House on Mango Street

462

(1)

Louise Erdrich (1954- )

The Red Convertible

463

(8)

Part III Writing About Poetry

471

(57)

How Do I Read Poetry?

473

(4)

Get the Literal Meaning First: Paraphrase

473

(1)

Make Associations for Meaning

474

(3)

Critical Questions for Reading Poetry

476

(1)

Writing About Personal and Tone

477

(17)

Who Is Speaking?

477

(1)

What Is Tone?

478

(1)

Recognizing Verbal Irony

478

(1)

Describing Tone

478

(1)

Looking at Persona and Tone

479

(3)

``My Papa's Waltz''

479

(1)

Theodore Roethke

``The Ruined Maid''

479

(1)

Thomas Hardy

``The Unknown Citizen''

480

(1)

W. H. Auden

``Go, Lovely Rose''

481

(1)

Edmund Waller

``One Perfect Rose''

482

(1)

Dorothy Parker

Prewriting

482

(4)

Asking Questions About the Speaker in ``My Papa's Waltz''

482

(1)

Devising a Thesis

483

(1)

Describing the Tone in ``The Ruined Maid''

484

(1)

Discovering a Thesis

484

(1)

Describing the Tone in ``The Unknown Citizen''

485

(1)

Discovering a Thesis

485

(1)

Discovering Tone in ``Go, Lovely Rose''

486

(1)

Discovering Tone in ``One Perfect Rose''

486

(1)

Writing

486

(1)

Explicating and Analyzing

486

(1)

Ideas for Writing

487

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

487

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

487

(1)

Editing

488

(1)

Punctuating Poetry in Essays

488

(1)

Sample Student Paper

489

(5)

Analyzing the Student Essay

493

(1)

Writing About Poetic Language

494

(16)

What Do the Words Suggest?

494

(3)

Connotation and Denotation

494

(1)

Figures of Speech

494

(1)

Metaphor and Simile

495

(1)

Personification

496

(1)

Imagery

496

(1)

Symbol

496

(1)

Paradox

497

(1)

Oxymoron

497

(1)

Looking at Poetic Language

497

(2)

``A Noiseless Patient Spider''

497

(1)

Walt Whitman

``Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?''

498

(1)

William Shakespeare

``Heat''

498

(1)

H. D. [Hilda Doolittle]

``In the Long Hall''

498

(1)

Hayden Carruth

``My Son My Executioner''

499

(1)

Donald Hall

Prewriting

499

(1)

Examining Poetic Language

500

(1)

Writing

500

(1)

Comparing and Contrasting

500

(1)

Ideas for Writing

500

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

500

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

501

(1)

Rewriting: Style

501

(1)

Choosing Vivid, Descriptive Terms

501

(1)

Finding Lively Words

502

(1)

Exercise on Diction

502

(1)

Sample Student Paper

502

(8)

Comparison Exercise

502

(8)

Writing About Poetic Form

510

(18)

What Are the Forms of Poetry?

510

(4)

Rhythm and Rhyme

510

(1)

Rhythm and Meter in Poetry

511

(1)

Alliteration, Assonance, and Consonance

512

(1)

Exercise on Poetic Form

512

(1)

Stanzas: Closed and Open Forms

512

(2)

Poetic Syntax

514

(1)

Looking at the Forms of Poetry

514

(4)

``We Real Cool''

514

(1)

Gwendolyn Brooks

``Eight O'Clock''

515

(1)

A. E. Housman

``anyone lived in a pretty how town''

515

(1)

E. E. Cummings

``Telephone Conversation''

516

(1)

Wole Soyinka

``Twilight's Last Gleaming''

517

(1)

Arthur W. Monks

``Nuns Fret Not''

517

(1)

William Wordsworth

Prewriting

518

(2)

Experimenting with Poetic Forms

518

(2)

Writing

520

(1)

Relating Form to Meaning

520

(1)

Ideas for Writing

521

(2)

Ideas for Expressive Writing

521

(2)

Ideas for Critical Writing

523

(1)

Rewriting: Style

523

(2)

Finding the Exact Word

523

(2)

Sample Published Essay on Poetic Form

525

(3)

``The `Banked Fire' of Robert Hayden's `Those Winter Sundays'''

526

(2)

David Huddle

Anthology of Poetry

528

(107)

Sappho (ca. 612-ca. 580 B.C.)

With His Venom

528

(1)

Anonymous

Western Wind

528

(1)

Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542)

They Flee from Me

529

(1)

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

529

(1)

Sir Walter Raleigh (1552?-1618)

The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd

530

(1)

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day? (in Chapter 12)

When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes

531

(1)

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds

531

(1)

That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold

532

(1)

My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun

532

(1)

John Donne (1572-1631)

The Flea

532

(1)

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

533

(1)

Death, Be Not Proud

534

(1)

Batter My Heart

535

(1)

George Herbert (1593-1633)

Easter Wings

535

(1)

The Pulley

536

(1)

Edmund Waller (1606-1687)

Go, Lovely Rose (in Chapter 11)

Richard Lovelace (1618-1657)

To Lucasta, on Going to the Wars

536

(1)

Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)

To His Coy Mistress

537

(1)

William Blake (1757-1827)

The Lamb

538

(1)

The Tyger

538

(1)

The Sick Rose

539

(1)

London

539

(1)

William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Nuns Fret Not (in Chapter 13)

Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802

540

(1)

The World Is Too Much with Us

540

(1)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)

Kubla Khan

541

(1)

George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)

She Walks in Beauty

542

(1)

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

Ozymandias

543

(1)

Ode to the West Wind

543

(3)

John Keats (1795-1821)

On First Looking into Chapman's Homer

546

(1)

Ode on a Grecian Urn

546

(1)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)

Ulysses

547

(2)

The Eagle

549

(1)

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

My Last Duchess

549

(2)

Walt Whitman (1819-1892)

A Noiseless Patient Spider (in Chapter 12)

When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer

551

(1)

One's-Self I Sing

551

(1)

Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)

Dover Beach

552

(1)

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)

Safe in their Alabaster Chambers

553

(1)

There's a certain Slant of light

553

(1)

He put the Belt around my life

554

(1)

Much Madness is divinest Sense

554

(1)

Because I could not stop for Death

554

(1)

I heard a Fly buzz-when I died

555

(1)

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)

The Ruined Maid (in Chapter 11)

The Darkling Thrush

556

(1)

Channel Firing

557

(1)

Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889)

The Windhover

558

(1)

Pied Beauty

558

(1)

Spring and Fall

559

(1)

A. E. Housman (1859-1936)

Eight O'Clock (in Chapter 13)

To an Athlete Dying Young

559

(1)

Loveliest of Trees

560

(1)

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

The Second Coming

560

(1)

Sailing to Byzantium

561

(1)

Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)

Richard Cory

562

(1)

Stephen Crane (1871-1900)

A Man Said to the Universe

563

(1)

War Is Kind

563

(1)

Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906)

We Wear the Mask

564

(1)

Robert Frost (1874-1963)

Mending Wall

564

(1)

Birches

565

(2)

Fire and Ice

567

(1)

The Road Not Taken

567

(1)

Design

568

(1)

Amy Lowell (1874-1925)

Patterns

568

(2)

Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)

Fog

570

(1)

Grass

571

(1)

Chicago

571

(1)

Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)

The Emperor of Ice-Cream

572

(1)

Anecdote of the Jar

572

(1)

William Carlos Williams (1883-1963)

Danse Russe

573

(1)

The Red Wheelbarrow

573

(1)

D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930)

Piano

574

(1)

Snake

574

(2)

Ezra Pound (1885-1972)

In a Station of the Metro

576

(1)

The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter

576

(1)

H. D. [Hilda Doolittle] (1886-1961)

Heat (in Chapter 12)

T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

577

(4)

Claude McKay (1890-1948)

America

581

(1)

Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950)

What Lips My Lips Have Kissed

581

(1)

Oh, Oh, You Will Be Sorry for That Word!

581

(1)

First Fig

582

(1)

Dorothy Parker (1893-1967)

One Perfect Rose (in Chapter 11)

Wilfred Owen (1893-1918)

Dulce et Decorum Est

582

(1)

E. E. Cummings (1894-1962)

anyone lived in a pretty how town (in Chapter 13)

in Just-

583

(1)

next to of course god america i

584

(1)

she being Brand

584

(1)

pity this busy monster, manunkind

585

(1)

Jean Toomer (1894-1967)

Reapers

586

(1)

Langston Hughes (1902-1967)

Daybreak in Alabama

586

(1)

Mother to Son

587

(1)

Harlem (A Dream Deferred)

587

(1)

Theme for English B

588

(1)

The Negro Speaks of Rivers

589

(1)

Stevie Smith (1902-1971)

Not Waving but Drowning

589

(1)

Countee Cullen (1903-1946)

Incident

590

(1)

Pablo Neruda (1904-1973)

The United Fruit Co.

590

(2)

W. H. Auden (1907-1973)

The Unknown Citizen (in Chapter 11)

Musee des Beaux Arts

592

(1)

Stop All the Clocks

593

(1)

Theodore Roethke (1908-1963)

My Papa's Waltz (in Chapter 11)

Dolor

593

(1)

I Knew a Woman

594

(1)

Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979)

One Art

594

(1)

May Sarton (1912-1995)

AIDS

595

(1)

Robert Hayden (1913-1980)

Those Winter Sundays

596

(1)

Randall Jarrell (1914-1965)

The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

596

(1)

Dudley Randall (1914- )

To the Mercy Killers

597

(1)

William Stafford (1914-1993)

Traveling Through the Dark

597

(1)

Dylan Thomas (1914-1953)

The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower

598

(1)

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

598

(1)

Fern Hill

599

(1)

Gwendolyn Brooks (1917- )

We Real Cool (in Chapter 13)

Sadie and Maud

600

(1)

The Bean Eaters

601

(1)

Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1919- )

Constantly Risking Absurdity

601

(1)

Howard Nemerov (1920-1991)

The Goose Fish

602

(1)

Hayden Carruth (1921- )

In the Long Hall (in Chapter 12)

Richard Wilbur (1921- )

Love Calls Us to the Things of This World

603

(1)

Philip Larkin (1922-1985)

Home Is So Sad

604

(1)

James Dickery (1923-1997)

The Leap

605

(1)

Denise Levertov (1923-1997)

O Taste and See

606

(1)

Lisel Mueller (1924- )

Things

606

(1)

``O Brave New World, That Hath Such People in It''

607

(1)

Maxine Kumin (1925- )

Woodchucks

607

(1)

W. D. Snodgrass (1926- )

April Inventory

608

(2)

Allen Ginsberg (1926-1997)

A Supermarket in California

610

(1)

James Wright (1927-1980)

Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio

610

(1)

Donald Hall (1928- )

My Son My Executioner (in Chapter 12)

Anne Sexton (1928-1974)

You All Know the Story of the Other Woman

611

(1)

Cinderella

611

(3)

Adrienne Rich (1929- )

Living in Sin

614

(1)

Aunt Jennifer's Tigers

615

(1)

Sylvia Plath (1932-1963)

Mirror

615

(1)

Metaphors

615

(1)

Daddy

616

(2)

John Updike (1932- )

Ex-Basketball Player

618

(1)

Linda Pastan (1932- )

Ethics

619

(1)

Imamu Amiri Baraka [LeRoi Jones] (1934- )

Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note

619

(1)

Biography

620

(1)

Audre Lorde (1934-1992)

Hanging Fire

621

(1)

Wole Soyinka (1934- )

Telephone Conversation (in Chapter 13)

Marge Piercy (1936- )

Barbie Doll

622

(1)

The Woman in the Ordinary

622

(1)

Blanche Farley (1937- )

The Lover Not Taken

623

(1)

Seamus Heaney (1939- )

Digging

624

(1)

John Lennon (1940-1980) and Paul McCartney (1942- )

Eleanor Rigby

625

(1)

Sharon Olds (1942- )

The Death of Marilyn Monroe

626

(1)

Sex Without Love

626

(1)

Paul Simon (1942- )

Richard Cory

627

(1)

Nikki Giovanni (1943- )

Dreams

628

(1)

Louise Gluck (1943- )

Life Is a Nice Place

628

(1)

Gina Valdes (1943- )

My Mother Sews Blouses

629

(1)

Yusef Komunyakaa (1947- )

Facing It

629

(1)

Rita Dove (1952- )

Daystar

630

(1)

Jimmy Santiago Baca (1952- )

There Are Black

631

(1)

Louise Erdrich (1954- )

Indian Boarding School: The Runaways

632

(1)

Gabriel Spera (1966- )

My Ex-Husband

633

(2)

Part IV Writing About Drama

635

(187)

How Do I Read a Play?

637

(4)

Listen to the Lines

637

(1)

Visualize the Scene

638

(1)

Envision the Action

639

(2)

Critical Questions for Reading Plays

640

(1)

Writing About Dramatic Structure

641

(50)

What Is Dramatic Structure?

641

(1)

Looking at Dramatic Structure

642

(38)

Sophocles, Antigone

644

(36)

Prewriting

680

(1)

Analyzing Dramatic Structure

680

(1)

Writing

680

(2)

Discovering a Workable Argumentative Thesis

681

(1)

Quoting from a Play

682

(1)

Ideas for Writing

682

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

682

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

683

(1)

Rewriting

683

(1)

Avoiding Unclear Language

683

(1)

Sample Student Paper

684

(7)

Questions for Discussion

690

(1)

Writing About Character

691

(48)

What Is the Modern Hero?

691

(1)

The Classical Tragic Hero

691

(1)

The Modern Tragic Hero

692

(1)

Looking at the Modern Hero

692

(43)

The Glass Menagerie

693

(42)

Tennessee Williams

Prewriting

735

(1)

Analyzing the Characters

735

(1)

Writing

735

(1)

Choosing a Structure

736

(1)

Ideas for Writing

736

(1)

Ideas for Responsive Writing

736

(1)

Ideas for Critical Writing

737

(1)

Rewriting

737

(2)

Developing Paragraphs Specifically

737

(1)

Exercise on Providing Quotations

738

(1)

Drama for Writing: The Research Paper

739

(83)

What Is Cultural Analysis?

739

(1)

Looking at Cultural Issues

740

(46)

M. Butterfly

741

(45)

David Henry Hwang

Using Library Sources in Your Writing

786

(1)

A Student Researcher's Process

786

(1)

Prewriting

787

(4)

Reading Notes

787

(1)

Finding a Thesis

788

(1)

Locating Sources

788

(1)

The Online Catalog

789

(1)

Indexes and Databases

789

(1)

Using the Internet

789

(1)

Guides to Criticism of Poetry, Drama, and Fiction

790

(1)

Reference Works in Print

791

(1)

Taking Notes

791

(1)

Writing

791

(4)

Developing a Plan

792

(1)

Writing Before Researching

792

(1)

Avoiding Plagiarism

793

(1)

Introducing Quotations

794

(1)

Ideas for Researched Writing

795

(2)

About Short Stories

795

(1)

About Poetry

796

(1)

About Drama

796

(1)

Rewriting

797

(1)

Citing Sources

797

(1)

Including Informational Notes

797

(1)

Editing

797

(1)

Checklist for Accurate Documentation

798

(1)

Sample Documented Papers by Students

798

(16)

Paper on Drama

798

(11)

Paper on a Short Story

809

(5)

Explanation of the MLA Documentation Style

814

(8)

Sample Entries for a Works Cited List

816

(4)

Citing Works in Electronic Form

820

(1)

Citing Sources from the Internet

821

(1)

Anthology of Drama

822

(277)

Sophocles (ca. 496-ca. 405 B.C.)

Antigone (in Chapter 15)

Oedipus the King

822

(43)

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

The Tempest

865

(65)

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)

A Doll's House

930

(51)

Anton Chekhov (1860-1904)

The Proposal

981

(10)

Susan Glaspell (1882-1948)

Trifles

991

(10)

Tennessee Williams (1911-1983)

The Glass Menagerie (in Chapter 16)

Alice Childress (1920-1994)

Florence

1001

(10)

Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965)

A Raisin in the Sun

1011

(56)

Woody Allen (1935- )

Death Knocks

1067

(6)

Luis Valdez (1940- )

Los Vendidos

1073

(8)

Harvey Fierstein (1954- )

On Tidy Endings

1081

(18)

David Henry Hwang (1957- )

M. Butterfly (in Chapter 17)

Part V The Editing Process

1099

(2)

A Handbook for Correcting Errors

1101

(35)

Proofreading

1101

(1)

Correcting Sentence Boundary Errors

1101

(7)

Examples of Phrases and Clauses

1102

(1)

Phrases and Clauses

1102

(1)

Fragments

1102

(1)

Kinds of Phrases

1103

(1)

Kinds of Clauses

1104

(2)

Comma Splices

1106

(1)

Exercise on Comma Splices

1107

(1)

Run-On Sentences

1108

(1)

Clearing Up Confused Sentences

1108

(1)

Solving Faulty Predication Problems

1108

(2)

Exercise on Faulty Predication

1108

(2)

Fixing Subject-Verb Agreement Errors

1110

(2)

Fixing Pronoun Errors

1112

(4)

Exercise on Pronoun Errors

1116

(1)

Correcting Shifts in Person

1116

(1)

Exercise on Shifts in Person

1117

(1)

Correcting Shifts in Tense

1117

(1)

Exercise on Shifts in Tense

1118

(1)

Finding Modifier Mistakes

1118

(2)

Exercise on Modifier Mistakes

1119

(1)

Coping with Irregular Verbs

1120

(1)

Exercise on Irregular Verbs

1121

(1)

Setting Verbs Right

1121

(1)

Writing in Active Voice

1121

(1)

Exercise on Using Active Voice

1122

(1)

Solving Punctuation Problems

1122

(2)

Using Necessary Commas Only

1124

(2)

Using Apostrophes

1126

(1)

Integrating Quotations Gracefully

1127

(1)

Quoting from a Story: Crediting Sources

1128

(1)

Quoting from a Poem

1129

(1)

Quoting from a Play

1129

(1)

Punctuating Quoted Material

1130

(3)

Writing Smooth Transitions

1133

(1)

Catching Careless Mistakes

1134

(2)

Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms

1136

(10)

Biographical Notes

1146

(22)

Credits

1168

(7)

Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems

1175

(8)

Subject Index

1183

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