Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric : The Use of Reason in Everyday Life

by Kahane

Edition:

8th

ISBN13:

9780534524708

ISBN10:

0534524702

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

8/13/1997

Publisher(s):

Wadsworth Publishing

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Summary

Intended for the undergraduate course in Critical Thinking, Critical Reasoning, or Introduction to Logic.

Preface

viii

CHAPTER 1 GOOD AND BAD REASONING

(22)

1 Reasoning and Arguments

(5)

2 Cogent Reasoning

(2)

3 Two Basic Kinds of Valid Arguments

(2)

4 Deductive Validity and Invalidity

(3)

5 Inductive Validity (Correctness) and Invalidity (Incorrectness)

(5)

6 Fallacious Reasoning: How Reasoning Goes Wrong

(2)

Summary of Chapter 1

(3)

CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND BELIEFS AND WORLD VIEWS

(16)

1 Kinds of Background Beliefs

(2)

2 Insufficiently Grounded Beliefs

(1)

3 Are Unexamined World Views Worth Having?

(3)

4 Reading Between the Lines

(1)

5 Two Vital Kinds of Background Beliefs

(1)

6 Science to the Rescue

(4)

Summary of Chapter 2

(3)

CHAPTER 3 FALLACIOUS REASONING -- 1

(24)

1 Appeal to Authority

(5)

2 Inconsistency

(6)

3 Straw Man

(1)

4 False Dilemma and the Either-Or Fallacy

(1)

5 Begging the Question

(2)

6 Questionable Premise--Questionable Statement

(1)

7 Suppressed (Overlooked) Evidence

(2)

8 Tokenism

(1)

Summary of Chapter 3

(6)

CHAPTER 4 FALLACIOUS REASONING -- 2

(16)

1 Ad Hominem Argument

(3)

2 Two Wrongs Make a Right

(2)

3 Irrelevant Reason (Non Sequitur)

(1)

4 Equivocation

(2)

5 Appeal to Ignorance

(1)

6 Composition and Division

(1)

7 Slippery Slope

(1)

Summary of Chapter 4

(6)

CHAPTER 5 FALLACIOUS REASONING -- 3

(30)

1 Hasty Conclusion

(1)

2 Small Sample

(1)

3 Unrepresentative Sample

(1)

4 Questionable Cause

(3)

5 Questionable Analogy

(2)

6 Questionable Statistics

(2)

7 Questionable Uses of Statistics

(2)

8 Polls: An Important Special Case

(4)

9 False Charge of Fallacy

(2)

Summary of Chapter 5

(13)

CHAPTER 6 PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS TO COGENT REASONING: SHOOTING OURSELVES IN THE FOOT

109

(24)

1 Loyalty, Provincialism, and the Herd Instinct

110

(2)

2 Prejudice, Stereotypes, Scapegoats, and Partisan Mind Sets

112

(2)

3 Superstitious Beliefs

114

(2)

4 Wishful Thinking and Self-Deception

116

(1)

5 Rationalization, Denial, and Procrastination

117

(2)

6 The Benefits of Self-Deception and Wishful Thinking

119

(2)

7 The Pull of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal

121

(4)

8 Lack of a Good Sense of Proportion

125

(2)

Summary of Chapter 6

127

(6)

CHAPTER 7 LANGUAGE

133

(28)

1 Cognitive and Emotive Meanings

133

(1)

2 Emotive Meaning and Persuasive Uses of Language

134

(6)

3 Other Common Rhetorical Devices

140

(5)

4 Those Who Control the Definitions

145

(4)

5 The Reform of Sexist Language

149

(3)

6 PC (Politically Correct) Terminology

152

(3)

Summary of Chapter 7

155

(6)

CHAPTER 8 EVALUATING EXTENDED ARGUMENTS

161

(28)

1 The Basic Tasks of Essay Evaluation

162

(7)

2 Quick Appraisals

169

(3)

3 The Margin Note and Summary Method

172

(5)

4 Dealing with Value Claims

177

(6)

5 Evaluating Ironic Works

183

(3)

Summary of Chapter 8

186

(3)

CHAPTER 9 WRITING COGENT (AND PERSUASIVE) ESSAYS

189

(24)

1 The Writing Process

189

(1)

2 Preparing to Write

190

(1)

3 Writing Essays

191

(5)

4 Some Hints for Effective Writing

196

(15)

Summary of Chapter 9

211

(2)

CHAPTER 10 ADVERTISING: SELLING THE PRODUCT

213

(30)

1 Promise and Identification Advertisements

215

(1)

2 Things to Watch Out for in Advertisements

216

(9)

3 New Marketing Wrinkles

225

(3)

4 Political Advertising

228

(10)

Summary of Chapter 10

238

(5)

CHAPTER 11 MANAGING THE NEWS

243

(48)

1 The Media and the Power of Money

243

(13)

2 News-Gathering Methods Are Designed to Save Money

256

(5)

3 Misdirection and Lack of Proportion

261

(1)

4 News Reporting: Theory and Practice

261

(7)

5 Devices Used to Slant the News

268

(5)

6 Television: The Only Truly Mass Medium (So Far)

273

(2)

7 The Non-Mass Media to the Rescue

275

(1)

8 Recent Developments

276

(7)

Summary of Chapter 11

283

(8)

CHAPTER 12 TEXTBOOKS: MANAGING WORLD VIEWS

291

(34)

1 History and Social Studies Textbooks

292

(2)

2 Textbooks and Indoctrination

294

(2)

3 Textbooks and Politics

296

(4)

4 Censorship

300

(7)

5 Textbooks Distort History

307

(4)

6 Textbooks Minimize the Great Gulf Between Theory and Practice

311

(5)

7 Textbooks Fail to Give Students Genuine Understanding

316

(2)

8 Postscript on College Texts

318

(1)

Summary of Chapter 12

319

(6)

APPENDIX MORE ON COGENT REASONING

325

(14)

1 Deductive Validity: A Review

325

(1)

2 Syllogisms

326

(2)

3 Indirect (Reductio Ad Absurdum) Proofs

328

(1)

4 Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Statements

329

(1)

6 Possibilities, Impossibilities, and Necessities

330

(1)

7 Reasoning Cogently versus Being Right in Fact

330

(1)

8 More on Cause and Effect

331

(1)

9 Calculating Probabilities and Fair Odds

332

(3)

10 Scientific Method

335

(4)

Answers to Starred Exercise Items

339

(8)

Bibliography

347

(5)

Selected List of Periodicals

352

(6)

Indexes

358

Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric : The Use of Reason in Everyday Life

9780534524708

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