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9780321058041

The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780321058041

  • ISBN10:

    0321058046

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1999-09-01
  • Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Summary

The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers, 2/e, builds on the first edition's emphasis on the importance of readers and reading to the writing process. With renewed attention to strategies for effective writing and recognition of a reader's needs and responses, the second edition shows students how these strategies apply to three different communities of writers and readers: the academic community, the public community, and the workplace community. This exploration of communities encourages students to adjust writing style and purpose to meet the needs of varying audiences.

Table of Contents

Preface for Students and Instructors xi(10)
A Guide to Using The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers, Second Edition xxi
Part 1 WRITING, READING, AND THINKING: JOINING COMMUNITIES 1(58)
1. Readers, Writers, and Community Expectations
2(8)
a. Recognizing Communities of Writers and Readers: Academic, Work, and Public
2(5)
b. The Writing Process: Realities and Myths
7(1)
c. Entering Electronic Communities
8(2)
2. Strategies for Critical Reading and Reflection
10(13)
a. Reading Analytically
11(5)
b. Reading Interpretively
16(2)
c. Journals: Bridging Reading and Writing
18(5)
3. Planning Strategies for College, Work, and Public Writing
23(14)
a. Generating Ideas and Information
23(4)
b. Structuring Ideas and Information
27(3)
c. Creating Generalization-Support Patterns
30(3)
d. Planning in Electronic Environments
33(2)
e. Planning: Paper in Progress
35(2)
4. Defining Your Purpose and Thesis
37(11)
a. Analyzing Your Purpose
37(4)
b. Using Rhetorical Purposes to Guide Your Decisions
41(3)
c. Defining a Main Idea or Thesis
44(4)
5. Considering Your Readers
48(11)
a. Defining Your Reader
48(4)
b. Characterizing Your Readers
52(2)
c. Adapting Your Content, Structure, and Style
54(2)
d. Addressing Communities of Readers
56(3)
Part 2 DRAFTING AND REVISING: SHAPING YOUR WRITING FOR YOUR COMMUNITY 59(68)
6. Drafting
60(10)
a. Moving from Planning to Drafting
60(4)
b. Using Drafting Strategies
64(3)
c. Drafting Collaboratively
67(2)
d. Drafting: Paper in Progress
69(1)
7. Revising
70(16)
a. Making Major Revisions
70(6)
b. Making Minor Revisions
76(3)
c. Revising Collaboratively
79(3)
d. Revising: Paper in Progress
82(4)
8. Focusing, Linking, and Developing Paragraphs
86(23)
a. Recognizing and Revising Paragraph Focus
87(1)
b. Revising for Focus
88(3)
c. Recognizing and Revising Paragraph Coherence
91(1)
d. Revising for Coherence
92(4)
e. Recognizing and Revising Paragraph Development
96(9)
f. Using Special-Purpose Paragraphs in Academic, Work, and Public Settings
105(4)
9. Creating Clear, Emphatic, and Varied Sentences
109(18)
a. Creating Clear Sentences
109(6)
b. Creating Direct Sentences
115(1)
c. Creating Emphasis
116(5)
d. Revising for Variety
121(6)
Part 3 REPRESENTING YOURSELF: CREATING YOUR PLACE IN A COMMUNITY 127(56)
10. Presenting Yourself Through Language Choices
128(11)
a. Understanding Home and Community Language Varieties
129(6)
b. Understanding How Dialect Influences Writing
135(4)
11. Writing in Online Communities
139(13)
a. Writing Online
139(3)
b. Communicating with Email
142(3)
c. Participating in Online Communities
145(2)
d. Writing for the World Wide Web
147(2)
e. Avoiding Plagiarism When Working Online
149(3)
12. Representing Yourself Through Critical Reasoning
152(14)
a. What Is Critical Reasoning?
153(3)
b. Building a Chain of Reasoning
156(5)
c. Representing Your Reasoning
161(5)
13. Designing Documents
166(17)
a. Goals of Document Design
166(1)
b. Principles of Document Design
167(1)
c. Plan Your Documents
168(1)
d. Laying Out Your Document
169(4)
e. Using Type
173(2)
f. Using Visuals
175(3)
g. Model Documents
178(5)
Part 4 EDITING AND PROOFREADING: MEETING COMMUNITY EXPECTATIONS 183(402)
14. The Editing and Proofreading Process
184(11)
a. Editing Your Own Writing
185(5)
b. Editing Collaboratively
190(1)
c. Editing on the Computer
191(2)
d. Proofreading
193(2)
Editing Grammar 195(114)
15. Sentence Elements and Sentence Patterns
196(37)
a. Using Words
196(18)
ESL Advice: The Articles A, An, and The
197(9)
ESL Advice: Adjective Forms
206(3)
ESL Advice: Prepositions
209(5)
b. Recognizing Sentence Parts: Subjects and Predicates
214(4)
c. Recognizing Phrases
218(7)
ESL Advice: Gerunds and Infinitives
221(4)
d. Recognizing Subordinate Clauses
225(6)
ESL Advice: Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses
226(5)
e. Recognizing Different Sentence Types
231(2)
16. Case of Nouns and Pronouns
233(15)
a. Recognizing Pronoun Case
234(5)
b. Editing Common Problems with Pronoun Case
239(6)
c. Editing Who and Whom
245(3)
17. Verbs
248(27)
a. Recognizing Simple Present and Past Tense
248(1)
b. Editing Simple Present Tense Verbs
249(2)
ESL Advice: The Third Person -s or -es ending
249(2)
c. Editing Past Tense Verbs
251(1)
ESL Advice: Simple Present and Simple Past
251(1)
d. Recognizing and Editing Problems with Participles
252(6)
ESL Advice: Verb Forms
255(1)
ESL Advice: Helping Verbs
256(2)
e. Editing Progressive and Perfect Tenses
258(6)
ESL Advice: Simple Present and Present Progressive Tenses
259(5)
f. Recognizing the Subjunctive Mood
264(5)
ESL Advice: Conditionals
266(3)
g. Recognizing Clear Tense Sequence
269(1)
h. Recognizing Active and Passive Voice
270(3)
ESL Advice: The Passive Voice
271(2)
i. Editing Troublesome Verbs (lie, lay, sit, set)
273(2)
18. Agreement (Subject and Verb, Pronoun and Antecedent)
275(22)
a. Recognizing Subject-Verb Agreement
276(4)
ESL Advice: Subject-Verb Agreement
278(2)
b. Editing for Subject-Verb Agreement
280(12)
ESL Advice: Paired Conjunctions
283(3)
ESL Advice: Separated Subjects and Verbs
286(2)
ESL Advice: Quantifiers
288(1)
ESL Advice: Other, Others, and Another as Pronouns or Adjectives
289(3)
c. Editing for Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
292(5)
ESL Advice: Demonstrative Adjectives
295(2)
19. Adjectives and Adverbs
297(12)
a. Recognizing What Adjectives and Adverbs Do.
297(2)
ESL Advice: Adjectives in a Series
298(1)
b. Avoiding Confusion Between Adjectives and Adverbs
299(4)
c. Using Comparatives and Superlatives
303(2)
d. Avoiding Double Negatives
305(1)
e. Using Noun Modifiers
306(3)
Editing for Sentence Problems 309(110)
20. Sentence Fragments
310(13)
a. Recognizing Sentence Fragments
311(5)
b. Editing Sentence Fragments
316(2)
c. Editing Troublesome Constructions
318(3)
d. Using Partial Sentences
321(2)
21. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
323(13)
a. Recognizing Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
324(5)
b. Editing Comman Splices and Fused Sentences
329(7)
22. Pronoun Reference
336(14)
a. Making Pronoun Reference Clear
336(6)
b. Making Reference Specific
342(6)
c. Matching Who, Which, and That to Antecedents
348(2)
23. Misplaced, Dangling, and Disruptive Modifiers
350(13)
a. Recognizing and Editing Misplaced Modifiers
351(5)
b. Recognizing and Editing Dangling Modifiers
356(3)
c. Recognizing and Editing Disruptive Modifiers
359(3)
d. Using Absolute Phrases Effectively
362(1)
24. Shifts
363(11)
a. Keeping Person and Number Consistent
363(3)
b. Keeping Tense and Mood Consistent
366(3)
c. Keeping Voice Consistent
369(2)
d. Avoiding Shifts Between Direct and Indirect Quotation
371(3)
25. Mixed and Incomplete Sentences
374(13)
a. Editing Mixed Sentences
375(7)
b. Editing Incomplete Sentences
382(5)
26. Parallelism
387(13)
a. Building Parallelism
388(1)
b. Editing for Parallelism Within the Sentence
389(6)
c. Editing for Parallelism Beyond the Sentence
395(3)
d. Maintaining Parallelism in Lists
398(2)
27. Coordination and Subordination
400(19)
a. Using Coordination
401(5)
b. Using Subordination
406(13)
ESL Advice: Grammatical Structures for Coordination and Subordination
414(5)
Editing for Word Choice 419(44)
28. Choosing Appropriate Words
420(12)
a. Thinking About Word Choice
420(4)
b. Using Precise Diction
424(4)
c. Using Strategies for Editing Diction
428(4)
29. Using Dictionaries and Building Vocabulary
432(10)
a. Choosing Dictionaries to Serve Your Needs
432(3)
b. Using a Dictionary
435(2)
c. Using Dictionaries in the Age of Technology
437(1)
d. Building Vocabulary
438(4)
30. Wordiness
442(12)
a. Editing for Common Types of Wordiness
443(8)
b. Editing for Cliches, Generalizations, and Overblown Language
451(3)
31. Avoiding Sexist and Discriminatory Language
454(9)
a. Recognizing and Editing Sexist Language
454(5)
b. Avoiding Discriminatory Language
459(4)
Editing for Punctuation 463(68)
32. Commas
464(23)
a. Using Commas to Help Join Sentences
464(2)
b. Using Commas to Set Off Introductory Phrases
466(4)
c. Using Commas to Set Off Nonrestrictive Modifiers
470(4)
d. Using Commas to Set Off Parenthetical Expressions
474(2)
e. Using Commas in a Series
476(1)
f. Separating Coordinate Adjectives with a Comma
477(2)
g. Using Commas with Dates, Numbers, Addresses, Place Names, People's Titles, and Letters
479(3)
ESL Advice: Numbers
480(2)
h. Using Commas with Quotations
482(1)
i. Using Commas to Make Your Meaning Clear
483(1)
j. Avoiding Commas that Do Not Belong
484(3)
33. Semicolons and Colons
487(10)
a. Using Semicolons
487(5)
b. Using Colons
492(5)
34. Apostrophes
497(8)
a. Using Apostrophes to Mark Possession
497(4)
b. Using Apostrophes to Mark Contractions and Omissions
501(4)
35. Quotation Marks
505(9)
a. Marking Quotations
505(2)
b. Using Block Quotations
507(2)
c. Writing Dialogue
509(1)
d. Labeling Titles of Short Works
510(1)
e. Indicating Special Meanings of Words and Phrases
511(1)
f. Indicating Irony, Sarcasm, and Authorial Distance
512(2)
36. Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points
514(7)
a. Using Periods
514(2)
b. Using Question Marks
516(2)
c. Using Exclamation Points
518(3)
37. Special Punctuation Marks
521(10)
a. Using Parentheses
521(2)
b. Using Brackets
523(1)
c. Using Dashes
524(3)
d. Using Ellipses
527(2)
e. Using Slashes
529(2)
Proofreading for Mechanics and Spelling 531(54)
38. Capitalization
532(11)
a. Using a Capital at the Beginning of a Sentence
532(5)
b. Using Capital for Proper Nouns and Adjectives
537(6)
39. Italics (Underlining)
543(7)
a. Following Conventions for Underlining (Using Italics)
544(4)
b. Underlining for Emphasis
548(2)
40. Hyphens and Word Division
550(9)
a. Using Hyphens to Divide Words
550(4)
b. Using Hyphens to Join Words
554(5)
41. Numbers
559(5)
a. Spelling Out Numbers or Using Numerals
559(1)
b. Following Special Conventions
560(2)
c. Avoiding Too Many Numbers
562(2)
42. Abbreviations
564(8)
a. Using Familiar Abbreviations
565(3)
b. Using Abbreviations Sparingly
568(4)
43. Strategies for Spelling
572(13)
a. Spelling As You Write
572(1)
b. Recognizing and Correcting Spelling Errors
573(8)
c. Using Long-term Strategies to Improve Your Spelling
581(2)
d. Spelling and the Computer
583(2)
Part 5 USING RESEARCH STRATEGIES: READING AND WRITING WITHIN A RESEARCH COMMUNITY 585(62)
44. Participating in Research Communities: Academic, Work, and Public
586(10)
a. Focusing Your Research Topic
586(5)
b. Developing Your Persona as a Researcher
591(3)
c. Planning Your Research
594(2)
45. Using Print and Electronic Resources
596(15)
a. Developing Search Strategies
596(4)
b. Identifying Print and Electronic Resources
600(5)
c. Search Strategies for Electronic Environments
605(6)
46. Reading Critically and Evaluating Sources
611(17)
a. Building a Working Bibliography
611(2)
b. Taking Notes: Analytical and Critical
613(2)
c. Reading Print and Electronic Sources Analytically
615(5)
d. Reading Print and Electronic Sources Critically
620(8)
47. Turning Research into Writing
628(11)
a. Moving from Research Questions to a Plan and a Thesis
628(2)
b. Planning and Drafting Your Paper
630(2)
c. Integrating Print and Electronic Sources into Your Writing
632(1)
d. Understanding Documentation and Avoiding Plagiarism
633(6)
48. Doing Fieldwork
639(8)
a. Ethnographies
640(3)
b. Interviews
643(1)
c. Surveys, Polls, and Questionnaires
644(3)
Part 6 USING CITATION STYLES 647(142)
49. Documenting Sources: MLA
648(47)
a. Using In-Text Citations
649(3)
b. Creating MLA In-Text Citations
652(5)
c. Informative Footnotes and Endnotes
657(1)
d. Creating an MLA List of Works Cited
657(23)
e. Sample MLA Paper
680(15)
50. Documenting Sources: APA
695(38)
a. Using In-Text Citations
696(1)
b. Using Content Footnotes
697(1)
c. Creating APA In-Text Citations
698(3)
d. Creating an APA Reference List
701(17)
e. Sample APA Paper
718(15)
51. Documenting Sources: CBE
733(10)
a. Creating CBE In-Text Citations
734(1)
b. Creating a CBE Reference List
735(8)
52. Documenting Sources: CMS
743(17)
a. Using Endnotes and Footnotes
744(1)
b. Creating CMS Notes
745(8)
c. Creating a CMS Bibliography
753(7)
53. Documenting Sources: COS
760(29)
a. How to Use COS for Documentation
761(1)
b. Creating In-Text Citations
762(1)
c. Creating an Entry for a Works Cited or Reference List
763(2)
d. Using COS in the Humanities (with MLA, CMS)
765(11)
e. Sample COS/Humanities-Style Works Cited Page
776(1)
f. Using COS in the Sciences (with APA, CBE)
777(10)
g. Sample COS Reference List
787(2)
Part 7 WRITING STRATEGIES 789
54. Writing Argumentative Papers Across the Disciplines
790(47)
a. Developing Argumentative Writing
791(11)
b. Developing a Point: Argument in Progress
802(11)
c. Using Critical Thinking to Strengthen Your Argument
813(9)
d. The Position Paper
822(4)
e. The Critique
826(3)
f. The Review
829(5)
g. The Point-Driven Essay Exam
834(3)
55. Reading and Writing About Literature
837(23)
a. Reading Literary Texts
838(4)
b. Writing About Literary Texts
842(3)
c. The Text Analysis
845(15)
56. Writing Informative Papers Across the Disciplines
860(23)
a. Developing and Presenting Informative Writing
860(7)
b. Developing an Interview Paper: Informative Writing in Progress
867(6)
c. The Short Informative Documented Paper
873(2)
d. The Literature Review
875(1)
e. The Lab Report
876(2)
f. The Abstract
878(1)
g. The Annotated Bibliography
879(2)
h. The Informative Essay Exam
881(2)
57. Developing Business Writting
883
a. Using General Strategies for Successful Business Writing
883(2)
b. Writing Business Letters
885(1)
c. Writing Agendas
886(1)
d. Writing Meeting Minutes
887(2)
e. Writing Memos
889(1)
f. Writing Resumes
890(3)
g. Writing Letters of Application
893
Glossary of Usage and Terms G-1
Credits C-1
Index I-1

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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