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9780321331069

The Longman Writer

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780321331069

  • ISBN10:

    0321331060

  • Edition: 6th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2006-01-01
  • Publisher: Longman
  • View Upgraded Edition
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Summary

One of the most successful writing texts on the market, this "all-in-one" rhetoric, reader, and handbook, organized around the patterns of development, contains everything students need for courses in freshman composition. Created by the authors of the best-selling Longman Reader, the text draws on decades of teaching experience to integrate the best of the "product" and "process" approaches to writing. Its particular strengths include an emphasis on the reading-writing connection, a focus on invention and revision, more attention to the fact that patterns blend in actual writing, and an abundance of class-tested activities and assignments more than 350 in all.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
PART I THE READING PROCESS
1(14)
Becoming a Strong Reader
3(12)
Stage 1: Get an Overview of the Selection
4(1)
Stage 2: Deepen Your Sense of the Selection
5(1)
Stage 3: Evaluate the Selection
6(9)
Ellen Goodman, ``Family Counterculture''
8(7)
PART II THE WRITING PROCESS
15(134)
Getting Started Through Prewriting
17(23)
Observations About the Writing Process
17(2)
Use Prewriting to Get Started
19(18)
Keep a Journal
19(2)
The Pre-Reading Journal Entry
21(1)
Understand the Boundaries of the Assignment
22(1)
Determine Your Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Point of View
23(4)
Discover Your Essay's Limited Subject
27(3)
Generate Raw Material About Your Limited Subject
30(5)
Organize the Raw Material
35(2)
Activities: Getting Started Through Prewriting
37(3)
Identifying a Thesis
40(8)
What Is a Thesis?
40(1)
Finding a Thesis
40(1)
Writing an Effective Thesis
41(3)
Tone and Point of View
42(1)
Implied Pattern of Development
42(1)
Including a Plan of Development
42(1)
Don't Write a Highly Opinionated Statement
43(1)
Don't Make an Announcement
43(1)
Don't Make a Factual Statement
44(1)
Don't Make a Broad Statement
44(1)
Arriving at an Effective Thesis
44(1)
Placing the Thesis in an Essay
45(1)
Activities: Identifying a Thesis
46(2)
Supporting the Thesis With Evidence
48(8)
What Is Evidence?
48(1)
How Do You Find Evidence?
49(1)
How the Patterns of Development Help Generate Evidence
49(1)
Characteristics of Evidence
50(4)
The Evidence Is Relevant and Unified
50(1)
The Evidence Is Specific
51(1)
The Evidence Is Adequate
52(1)
The Evidence Is Dramatic
53(1)
The Evidence Is Accurate
53(1)
The Evidence Is Representative
53(1)
Borrowed Evidence Is Documented
53(1)
Activities: Supporting the Thesis with Evidence
54(2)
Organizing the Evidence
56(9)
Use the Patterns of Development
56(1)
Select an Organizational Approach
57(2)
Chronological Approach
57(1)
Spatial Approach
58(1)
Emphatic Approach
58(1)
Simple-to-Complex Approach
59(1)
Prepare an Outline
59(4)
Activities: Organizing the Evidence
63(2)
Writing the Paragraphs in the First Draft
65(30)
How to Move from Outline to First Draft
65(1)
General Suggestions on How to Proceed
66(1)
If You Get Bogged Down
66(1)
A Suggested Sequence for Writing the First Draft
67(17)
Write the Supporting Paragraphs
67(11)
Write Other Paragraphs in the Essay's Body
78(1)
Write the Introduction
79(3)
Write the Conclusion
82(2)
Write the Title
84(1)
Pulling It All Together
84(1)
Sample First Draft
85(3)
Harriet Davids, ``Challenges for Today's Parents''
86(1)
Commentary
87(1)
Activities: Writing the Paragraphs in the First Draft
88(7)
Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
95(15)
Five Strategies to Make Revision Easier
96(6)
Set Your First Draft Aside for a While
96(1)
Work from Typed or Printed Text
97(1)
Read the Draft Aloud
97(1)
View Revision as a Series of Steps
97(1)
Evaluate and Respond to Instructor Feedback
98(1)
Peer Review: An Additional Revision Strategy
98(3)
Evaluate and Respond to Peer Review
101(1)
Revising Overall Meaning and Structure
102(2)
Revising Paragraph Development
104(1)
Sample Student Revision of Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
105(1)
Activities: Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
106(4)
Revising Sentences and Words
110(28)
Revising Sentences
110(13)
Make Sentences Consistent with Your Tone
110(1)
Make Sentences Economical
111(3)
Vary Sentence Type
114(4)
Vary Sentence Length
118(1)
Make Sentences Emphatic
119(4)
Revising Words
123(10)
Make Words Consistent with Your Tone
124(1)
Use an Appropriate Level of Diction
124(1)
Avoid Words That Overstate or Understate
125(1)
Select Words with Appropriate Connotations
125(1)
Use Specific Rather Than General Words
126(1)
Use Strong Verbs
127(2)
Delete Unnecessary Adverbs
129(1)
Use Original Figures of Speech
130(1)
Avoid Sexist Language
131(2)
Sample Student Revision of Sentences and Words
133(1)
Activities: Revising Sentences and Words
134(4)
Editing and Proofreading
138(11)
Edit Carefully
138(1)
Use the Appropriate Manuscript Format
139(2)
Proofread Closely
141(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Proofreading
142(5)
``Challenges for Today's Parents''
142(2)
Harriet Davids
Commentary
144(3)
Activities: Editing and Proofreading
147(2)
PART III THE PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
149(378)
An Overview of the Patterns of Development
151(13)
The Patterns in Action: During the Writing Process
151(1)
The Patterns in Action: In an Essay
152(1)
Student Essay
153(6)
``The Super-Sizing of America's Kids''
154(3)
Tasha Walker
Commentary
157(2)
Professional Selection: Compared Patterns
159(5)
``The Death of the Moth''
159(5)
Virginia Woolf
Description
164(37)
What Is Description?
164(1)
How Description Fits Your Purpose and Audience
165(2)
Prewriting Strategies
167(1)
Strategies for Using Description in an Essay
167(4)
Revision Strategies
171(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
172(6)
``Salt Marsh''
173(2)
Marie Martinez
Commentary
175(3)
Activities: Description
178(2)
Prewriting Activities
178(1)
Revising Activities
179(1)
Professional Selections: Description
180(18)
``The Jacket''
180(5)
Gary Soto
``Sister Flowers''
185(6)
Maya Angelou
``Flavio's Home''
191(7)
Gordon Parks
Additional Writing Topics: Description
198(3)
Narration
201(37)
What Is Narration?
201(1)
How Narration Fits Your Purpose and Audience
202(1)
Prewriting Strategies
203(1)
Strategies for Using Narration in an Essay
204(5)
Revision Strategies
209(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
210(5)
``If Only''
212(1)
Paul Monahan
Commentary
213(2)
Activities: Narration
215(2)
Prewriting Activities
215(1)
Revising Activities
216(1)
Professional Selections: Narration
217(18)
``Shooting an Elephant''
217(7)
George Orwell
``The Fourth of July''
224(4)
Audre Lorde
``The Price We Pay''
228(7)
Adam Mayblum
Additional Writing Topics: Narration
235(3)
Illustration
238(37)
What Is Illustration?
238(1)
How Illustration Fits Your Purpose and Audience
239(2)
Prewriting Strategies
241(1)
Strategies for Using Illustration in an Essay
242(4)
Revision Strategies
246(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
246(8)
``Pursuit of Possessions''
248(2)
Michael Pagano
Commentary
250(4)
Activities: Illustration
254(2)
Prewriting Activities
254(1)
Revising Activities
254(2)
Professional Selections: Illustration
256(16)
``Bombs Bursting in Air''
256(5)
Beth Johnson
``Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen''
261(6)
Kay S. Hymowitz
``Is Sex All That Matters?''
267(5)
Joyce Garity
Additional Writing Topics: Illustration
272(3)
Division-Classification
275(40)
What Is Division-Classification?
275(2)
How Division-Classification Fits Your Purpose and Audience
277(2)
Prewriting Strategies
279(1)
Strategies for Using Division-Classification in an Essay
279(4)
Revision Strategies
283(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
284(8)
``The Truth About College Teachers''
285(4)
Gail Oremland
Commentary
289(3)
Activities: Division-Classification
292(2)
Prewriting Activities
292(1)
Revising Activities
292(2)
Professional Selections: Division-Classification
294(18)
``The Men We Carry in Our Minds''
294(5)
Scott Russell Sanders
``But What Do You Mean?''
299(7)
Deborah Tannen
``Doublespeak''
306(6)
William Lutz
Additional Writing Topics: Division-Classification
312(3)
Process Analysis
315(41)
What Is Process Analysis?
315(1)
How Process Analysis Fits Your Purpose and Audience
316(2)
Prewriting Strategies
318(1)
Strategies for Using Process Analysis in an Essay
318(4)
Revision Strategies
322(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
323(8)
``Becoming a Videoholic''
325(4)
Robert Barry
Commentary
329(2)
Activities: Process Analysis
331(3)
Prewriting Activities
331(1)
Revising Activities
332(2)
Professional Selections: Process Analysis
334(19)
``Don't Just Stand There''
334(6)
Diane Cole
``Cyberschool''
340(5)
Clifford Stoll
``Watching the Animals''
345(8)
Richard Rhodes
Additional Writing Topics: Process Analysis
353(3)
Comparison-Contrast
356(36)
What Is Comparison-Contrast?
356(1)
How Comparison-Contrast Fits Your Purpose and Audience
357(1)
Prewriting Strategies
358(1)
Strategies for Using Comparison-Contrast in an Essay
359(4)
Revision Strategies
363(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
364(8)
``The Virtues of Growing Older''
367(2)
Carol Siskin
Commentary
369(3)
Activities: Comparison-Contrast
372(1)
Prewriting Activities
372(1)
Revising Activities
372(1)
Professional Selections: Comparison-Contrast
373(16)
``A Slow Walk of Trees''
373(6)
Toni Morrison
``Reality TV: Surprising Throwback to the Past?''
379(4)
Patricia Cohen
``And Then I Went to School''
383(6)
Joseph H. Suina
Additional Writing Topics: Comparison-Contrast
389(3)
Cause-Effect
392(35)
What Is Cause-Effect?
392(1)
How Cause-Effect Fits Your Purpose and Audience
393(1)
Prewriting Strategies
394(1)
Strategies for Using Cause-Effect in an Essay
395(5)
Revision Strategies
400(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
401(8)
``Americans and Food''
403(3)
Carl Novack
Commentary
406(3)
Activities: Cause-Effect
409(2)
Prewriting Activities
409(1)
Revising Activities
410(1)
Professional Selections: Cause-Effect
411(14)
``Why We Crave Horror Movies''
411(4)
Stephen King
``Our Schedules, Our Selves''
415(6)
Jay Walljasper
``Black Men and Public Space''
421(4)
Brent Staples
Additional Writing Topics: Cause-Effect
425(2)
Definition
427(34)
What Is Definition?
427(1)
How Definition Fits Your Purpose and Audience
428(1)
Prewriting Strategies
429(1)
Strategies for Using Definition in an Essay
430(3)
Revision Strategies
433(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
434(7)
Laura Chen, ``Physics in Everyday Life''
435(3)
Commentary
438(3)
Activities: Definition
441(1)
Prewriting Activities
441(1)
Revising Activities
441(1)
Professional Selections: Definition
442(17)
``Entropy''
442(4)
K. C. Cole
``Life As Type A''
446(6)
James Gleick
``What Is the Quarterlife Crisis?''
452(7)
Alexandra Robbins
Abby Wilner
Additional Writing Topics: Definition
459(2)
Argumentation-Persuasion
461(66)
What Is Argumentation-Persuasion?
461(1)
How Argumentation-Persuasion Fits Your Purpose and Audience
462(4)
Prewriting Strategies
466(1)
Strategies for Using Argumentation-Persuasion in an Essay
467(15)
Revision Strategies
482(1)
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
483(10)
``Compulsory National Service''
486(4)
Mark Simmons
Commentary
490(3)
Activities: Argumentation-Persuasion
493(4)
Prewriting Activities
493(1)
Revising Activities
494(3)
Professional Selections: Argumentation-Persuasion
497(28)
``In Praise of the `F' Word''
497(4)
Mary Sherry
``Can You Be Educated from a Distance?''
501(4)
James Barszcz
Debating the Issues: Date Rape
505(1)
``Rape: A Bigger Danger Than Feminists Know''
505(6)
Camille Paglia
``Common Decency''
511(4)
Susan Jacoby
Debating the Issues: Torture of Terrorists
515(1)
``Time to Think About Torture''
515(5)
Jonathan Alter
``Now the Talk Is About Bringing Back Torture''
520(5)
Henry Porter
Additional Writing Topics: Argumentation-Persuasion
525(2)
PART IV THE RESEARCH PAPER
527(106)
Selecting a Subject, Using the Library and the Internet, and Taking Notes
529(51)
Some General Comments About the Research Paper
529(1)
Plan the Research
530(7)
Understand the Paper's Boundaries
530(1)
Understand Primary Versus Secondary Research
531(3)
Choose a General Subject
534(1)
Prewrite to Limit the General Subject
535(1)
Conduct Preliminary Research
535(1)
Identify a Working Thesis
536(1)
Make a Schedule
537(1)
Find Sources in the Library
537(12)
The Computerized Catalog
538(1)
The Card Catalog
539(3)
The Reference Section
542(1)
Periodicals
543(6)
Use the Internet
549(10)
The Internet and the World Wide Web
549(1)
What the Web Offers
550(1)
The Advantages and Limitations of the Library and the Web
550(1)
Accessing the Web
551(2)
Using the Net to Find Books on Your Topic
553(1)
Using the Net to Find Articles and Other Materials on Your Topic
553(5)
Evaluating Internet Materials
558(1)
Using Other Internet Tools
559(1)
Prepare a Working Bibliography
559(1)
Take Notes to Support the Thesis with Evidence
560(17)
Why Take Notes?
560(1)
Before Note-Taking: Evaluate Sources
561(1)
Before Note-Taking: Refine Your Working Bibliography
562(2)
Before Note-Taking: Read Your Sources
564(2)
When Note-Taking: What to Select
566(1)
When Note-Taking: How to Record Statistics
567(1)
When Note-Taking: Use Note Cards
567(2)
Two Other Note-Taking Approaches
569(1)
Kinds of Notes
570(7)
Activities: Selecting a Subject, Using the Library and the Internet, and Taking Notes
577(3)
Writing the Research Paper
580(53)
Refine Your Working Thesis
580(1)
Sort the Note Cards
581(1)
Organize the Evidence by Outlining
581(2)
Write the First Draft
583(2)
Presenting the Results of Primary Research
584(1)
Document Borrowed Material Using MLA Format---How to Avoid Plagiarism
585(9)
Indicate Author and Page
585(4)
Special Cases of Authorship
589(1)
Special Cases of Pagination
590(1)
Blending Quotations into Your Text
590(3)
Presenting Statistics
593(1)
Revise, Edit, and Proofread the First Draft
594(2)
Prepare the Works Cited List: MLA Format
596(9)
Citing Book Sources
597(3)
Citing Periodical Sources
600(2)
Citing Computerized Sources
602(2)
Citing Other Nonprint Sources
604(1)
APA Documentation Format
605(7)
Parenthetic Citations
605(1)
References List
606(1)
Citing Book Sources
607(2)
Citing Periodical Sources
609(1)
Citing Computerized Sources
610(1)
Citing Other Nonprint Sources
611(1)
A Note About Other Documentation Systems
612(1)
Student Research Paper: MLA-Style Documentation
612(18)
Brian Courtney, ``America's Homeless: How the Government Can Help''
613(17)
Commentary
630(1)
Activities: Writing the Research Paper
630(3)
PART V THE LITERARY PAPER AND EXAM ESSAY
633(34)
Writing About Literature
635(21)
Elements of Literary Works
636(2)
Literary Terms
636(2)
How to Read a Literary Work
638(2)
Read to Form a General Impression
638(1)
Ask Questions About the Work
638(1)
Reread and Annotate
639(1)
Modify Your Annotations
640(1)
Write the Literary Analysis
640(7)
Prewrite
640(1)
Identify Your Thesis
641(1)
Support the Thesis with Evidence
642(1)
Organize the Evidence
643(1)
Write the First Draft
643(2)
Revise Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
645(1)
Edit and Proofread
646(1)
Pulling It All Together
647(2)
Read to Form a General Impression
647(1)
``Early Autumn''
647(1)
Langston Hughes
Ask Questions About the Work
648(1)
Reread and Annotate
648(1)
Student Essay
649(2)
``Stopping to Talk''
649(1)
Karen Vais
Commentary
650(1)
Additional Selections and Writing Assignments
651(5)
``Out, Out---''
651(2)
Robert Frost
``The Story of an Hour''
653(3)
Kate Chopin
Writing Exam Essays
656(11)
Three Forms of Written Answers
657(1)
Short Answers
657(1)
Paragraph-Length Answers
657(1)
Essay-Length Answers
658(1)
How to Prepare for Exam Essays
658(1)
At the Examination
659(2)
Survey the Entire Test
659(1)
Understand the Essay Question
659(2)
Write the Essay
661(3)
Prewrite
661(1)
Identify Your Thesis
661(1)
Support the Thesis with Evidence
662(1)
Organize the Evidence
662(1)
Write the Draft
662(1)
Revise, Edit, and Proofread
663(1)
Sample Essay Answer
664(2)
Commentary
665(1)
Activity: Writing Exam Essays
666(1)
PART VI A CONCISE HANDBOOK
667(1)
OPENING COMMENTS
668(2)
SENTENCE FAULTS
670(12)
Fragments
670(6)
Phrase Fragments
670(2)
Dependent Clause Fragments
672(4)
Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences
676(4)
Three Common Pitfalls
676(4)
Faulty Parallelism
680(2)
VERBS
682(5)
Problems with Subject-Verb Agreement
682(2)
How to Correct Faulty Subject-Verb Agreement
682(2)
Problems with Verb Tense
684(3)
How to Correct Inappropriate Shifts in Verb Tense
685(1)
How to Correct Faulty Use of Past Tense
685(2)
PRONOUNS
687(8)
Problems with Pronoun Use
687(8)
Pronoun Case
687(1)
How to Correct Faulty Pronoun Case
688(2)
Pronoun Agreement
690(2)
Pronoun Reference
692(3)
MODIFIERS
695(3)
Problems with Modification
695(3)
Misplaced and Ambiguous Modifiers
695(1)
Dangling Modifiers
696(2)
PUNCTUATION
698(21)
Period
698(1)
Question Mark
699(1)
Exclamation Point
700(1)
Comma
700(5)
Semicolon
705(1)
Colon
706(2)
Quotation Marks
708(2)
Ellipsis
710(1)
Apostrophe
711(3)
Parentheses
714(1)
Brackets
715(1)
Hyphen
716(1)
Dash
717(2)
MECHANICS
719(6)
Capitalization
719(1)
Underlining and Italics
720(1)
Numbers
721(2)
Abbreviations
723(2)
SPELLING
725(4)
Acknowledgments 729(2)
Index 731

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