Making It Happen : From Interactive to Participatory Language Teaching: A More Critical View of Theory and Practice

by Richard-Amato, Patricia A.

• ISBN13: 9780130601933
• ISBN10: 0130601934
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson ESL

Summary

This exciting new edition of a classic, best-selling text lays a solid foundation for creating meaningful interaction in the language classroom. A new focus on participatory teaching draws on cutting-edge critical pedagogy to support an already comprehensive research base ¿ and the writing is even friendlier and more accessible than ever!
The Third Edition of Making It Happen features:

• A cyclic approach to theory and practice, reflecting the understanding that theory and practice constantly inform each other.
• Three additions to the extensive Programs in Action section:
  -- California's Valley Center Spanish/English Program
  -- A Chinese/English program in lower Manhattan
  -- Minnesota's Concordia College Village Immersion Model
• Case studies for reflection and discussion ranging from elementary through adult.
• Related readings by Vygotsky, Nieto and Pennycook, representing seminal thinking in language teaching.
• The importance of meeting standards and of reflective teaching, so teachers understand the value of examining their own beliefs and practices.

"Making It Happen is a complete text with a great balance between theory and practice, and a wonderful and useful presentation of all the issues a teacher in training needs to be aware of. I would recommend its use for any training course as its sole text...I find it very complete."

-- Alejandra Parra
    Nova Southeastern University

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
Introduction	1	(12)
Part I THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS: DEVELOPING YOUR OWN LANGUAGE TEACHING PRINCIPLES	13	(142)
From Grammatical to Communicative Approaches	15	(14)
Questions to Think About	15	(1)
Grammar-Based Approaches	16	(3)
Chomsky's Contributions	19	(3)
The Connectionists	22	(1)
Wilkins and Beyond	23	(6)
Summary	26	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	26	(3)
The Classroom as an Environment for Language Acquisition	29	(20)
Questions to Think About	29	(1)
A Comparison Between First and Second Language Acquisition	30	(6)
The Process of Learning a Second Language	36	(4)
Language Acquisition in the Classroom	40	(5)
Early Research on Acquisition in Second Language Classrooms	45	(4)
Summary	46	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	47	(2)
The Role of Interaction	49	(21)
Questions to Think About	49	(1)
The Zone of Proximal Development and Social Interaction	50	(5)
The Nature of the Language of Social Interaction	55	(5)
Instructed Grammar: When Can It Help?	60	(5)
Output and the Acquisition Process	65	(5)
Summary	66	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	67	(3)
Participatory Language Teaching	70	(22)
Questions to Think About	70	(2)
Empowerment in the Language Classroom	72	(2)
What Is Participatory Language Teaching?	74	(3)
Participatory Practices	77	(4)
Meeting Standards Through Participatory Teaching and Learning	81	(1)
Common Misunderstandings	82	(1)
Learning Strategies and Autonomy	83	(9)
Summary	89	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	90	(2)
Literacy Development and Skills Integration	92	(18)
Questions to Think About	92	(1)
A Natural Language Framework	93	(2)
Skills Integration	95	(3)
Reading as an Interactive Process	98	(3)
Facilitating the Reading Experience	101	(1)
Writing as an Interactive Process	102	(2)
Facilitating the Writing Experience	104	(2)
Critical Literacy	106	(4)
Summary	107	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	108	(2)
The Affective Domain	110	(20)
Questions to Think About	110	(1)
Attitudes	111	(3)
Motivation	114	(2)
Level of Anxiety	116	(1)
Related Factors	117	(4)
Creating a Positive School and Community Environment	121	(9)
Summary	127	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	127	(3)
Language Assessment and Standards	130	(25)
Questions to Think About	130	(2)
Language Tests	132	(3)
Determining Placement	135	(4)
Making Evaluation an Integral Part of the Classroom Environment	139	(7)
Standards for ESL and Foreign Language Teaching	146	(9)
Summary	151	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	152	(3)
Part II EXPLORING METHODS AND ACTIVITIES: WHAT CAN WE LEARN?	155	(142)
Physical Involvement in the Language Learning Process	157	(12)
Questions to Think About	157	(1)
The Total Physical Response	158	(7)
The Audio-Motor Unit	165	(4)
Summary	166	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	167	(2)
Communicative Practices	169	(29)
Questions to Think About	169	(1)
The Natural Approach: How It Has Evolved	170	(5)
Comprehension	175	(5)
Early Speech Production	180	(5)
Speech Emergence and Beyond	185	(8)
Expansions of the Natural Approach	193	(5)
Summary	195	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	196	(2)
Chants, Music, and Poetry	198	(15)
Questions to Think About	198	(1)
Chants	199	(3)
Music	202	(4)
Poetry	206	(7)
Summary	210	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	210	(3)
Storytelling, Role Play, and Drama	213	(19)
Questions to Think About	213	(1)
Warm-Ups	214	(1)
Storytelling	215	(7)
Role Play	222	(4)
Drama	226	(6)
Summary	230	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	230	(2)
Games	232	(10)
Questions to Think About	232	(1)
Nonverbal Games	233	(1)
Board-Advancing Games	234	(1)
Word-Focus Games	235	(3)
Treasure Hunts	238	(1)
Guessing Games	239	(3)
Summary	240	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	240	(2)
Ways to Promote Literacy Development	242	(37)
Questions to Think About	242	(1)
The Language Experience Approach	243	(3)
Literature-Based Curriculum	246	(21)
Writing Workshops	267	(5)
Advanced Academic Literacy	272	(7)
Summary	275	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	276	(3)
Affective Activities	279	(18)
Questions to Think About	279	(1)
How Did Affective Activities Come About?	280	(1)
What Is the Teacher's Role?	281	(2)
When Can Affective Activities Be Used?	283	(1)
Getting Ready	283	(1)
Preparing the Students	284	(2)
Affective Activities	286	(11)
Summary	295	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	295	(2)
Part III PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES	297	(78)
Second Language Programs	298	(1)
Foreign Language Programs	298	(3)
Devising a Plan	301	(33)
Questions to Think About	301	(1)
Integration of Methods and Activities	302	(4)
Deciding the Focus of the Program	306	(4)
Using Peer Teachers and Lay Assistants	310	(5)
Cooperative Learning as a Management Technique	315	(3)
Planning Lessons	318	(6)
Theme Cycles/Investigative Inquiry	324	(1)
Infusing Standards Into the Curriculum	325	(1)
Adapting the Content	326	(2)
Examining Your Teaching	328	(6)
Summary	330	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	331	(3)
Tools for Teaching Languages: Textbooks, Computer Programs, Videos, and Film	334	(19)
Questions to Think About	334	(1)
Textbooks	335	(5)
Computer Programs	340	(8)
Videos	348	(1)
Film	349	(4)
Summary	350	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	350	(3)
Teaching Language Through the Content Areas: Program Designs and Political Implications	353	(22)
Questions to Think About	353	(1)
Submersion	354	(2)
Immersion	356	(1)
Bilingual Education in the United States	357	(8)
Program Possibilities for English Language Learners	365	(5)
Program Possibilities for Foreign Language Students	370	(5)
Summary	371	(1)
Readings, Reflection, and Discussion	371	(4)
Part IV PROGRAMS IN ACTION	375	(90)
ESL Programs	377	(43)
A College English Language Program	378	(7)
A University Support Program: Project LEAP	385	(8)
A Life-Skills Adult Basic Education Program	393	(5)
A Secondary Sheltered English Program	398	(5)
A High School ESL Academic Program: Humanitas	403	(2)
An Elementary District-Wide Program	405	(9)
A Kindergarten ESL Program within a Spanish Bilingual School	414	(6)
Foreign Language Programs	420	(26)
A Village Immersion Program for Global Understanding, Language Development, and Maintenance	421	(8)
A French Immersion Program for Elementary Students	429	(4)
A Bicultural Institute for Children, Adolescents, and Adults	433	(4)
A Middle School Spanish Language Program	437	(5)
A High School Spanish Program	442	(4)
Two-Way Bilingual Programs	446	(19)
A Developmental Dual Language Program: Spanish/English	446	(8)
An Immersion Dual Language Program: Cantonese/English	454	(11)
Part V RELATED READINGS	465	(42)
The Social Politics and the Cultural Politics of Language Classrooms	467	(13)
Alastair Pennycook
The Personal and Collective Transformation of Teachers	480	(27)
Sonia Nieto
Conclusion	506	(1)
Part VI CASE STUDIES	507	(12)
References	519	(30)
Index	549