Manual of Emergency and Critical Care Ultrasound

by Vicki Noble , Bret Nelson , Nicholas Sutingco

• ISBN13: 9780521688697
• ISBN10: 0521688698
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-10-22
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Today, every ER nationwide is outfitted with ultrasound equipment, allowing acute conditions such as cardiac arrest and fetal trauma to be diagnosed within critical seconds. Several accrediting agencies now mandate that all ER physicians become proficient in the applications and interpretation of ultrasound.

Author Biography

Dr. Vicki Noble is currently practicing in Boston at Massachusetts General Hospital, where she is the Director of Emergency Ultrasound Dr Bret Nelson is Director of Emergency Ultrasound for the Department of Emergency Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York Dr. A. Nicholas Sutingco is a Staff Emergency Physician for the Department of Emergency Medicine at Fauquier Hospital in Virginia

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Fundamentals	p. 1
Basic Definitions and Physics Principles	p. 1
Basic Instrumentation	p. 5
Using the Transducer/Probe	p. 6
Understanding the Formed Image	p. 10
Adjusting the Image	p. 10
Scanning Modes	p. 12
Effects and Artifacts	p. 14
Diagnostic Ultrasound	p. 19
Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST)	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Focused Questions of the FAST Exam	p. 24
Anatomy	p. 24
Technique	p. 28
Scanning Tips	p. 33
Normal Images	p. 34
Abnormal Images	p. 37
Extended FAST or eFAST	p. 42
Sample Clinical Protocol	p. 43
Literature Review	p. 43
Detection of Pneumothorax	p. 45
Technique	p. 45
New Directions	p. 49
References	p. 49
Echocardiography	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
Focused Questions for Echocardiography	p. 53
Anatomy	p. 54
Technique	p. 55
Scanning Tips	p. 64
Normal Images	p. 65
Abnormal Images	p. 66
Advanced Applications	p. 70
Guidance for Procedures	p. 76
Sample Clinical Protocols	p. 77
Literature Review	p. 79
New Directions	p. 80
References	p. 80
First Trimester Ultrasound	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Focused Questions for First Trimester Ultrasound	p. 85
Terminology	p. 86
hCG Levels	p. 87
Anatomy	p. 87
Technique	p. 88
Normal Images in Early Pregnancy	p. 92
Ectopic Pregnancy	p. 97
Abnormal Images	p. 98
Sample Clinical Protocol	p. 100
Literature Review	p. 101
New Directions	p. 101
References	p. 102
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Focused Questions for Aortic Ultrasound	p. 105
Anatomy	p. 106
Technique	p. 106
Scanning Tips	p. 112
Abnormal Images	p. 113
Sample Clinical Protocol	p. 115
Literature Review	p. 117
References	p. 118
Renal and Bladder	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Focused Questions for Renal and Bladder Ultrasound	p. 119
Anatomy	p. 119
Technique	p. 120
Bladder Volume Estimation	p. 123
Scanning Tips	p. 124
Normal Images	p. 124
Abnormal Images	p. 126
Sample Clinical Protocol	p. 131
Literature Review	p. 132
New Directions	p. 132
References	p. 132
Gallbladder	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
Focused Questions for Gallbladder Ultrasound	p. 135
Anatomy	p. 135
Technique	p. 136
Measurements	p. 139
Scanning Tips	p. 140
Normal Images	p. 141
Abnormal Images	p. 143
Sample Clinical Protocol	p. 149
Literature Review	p. 149
References	p. 151
Deep Vein Thrombosis	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
Focused Questions for DVT Ultrasound	p. 153
Anatomy	p. 153
Technique	p. 155
Scanning Tips	p. 160
Normal Images	p. 161
Abnormal Images	p. 162
Sample Clinical Protocol	p. 164
Advanced Techniques	p. 164
Literature Review	p. 166
References	p. 166
Chest Ultrasound	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Focused Questions for Lung Ultrasound	p. 169
Anatomy	p. 169
Technique	p. 171
Scanning Tips	p. 172
Images	p. 172
Literature Review	p. 173
New Directions	p. 173
References	p. 173
Ocular Ultrasound	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Focused Questions for Ocular Ultrasound	p. 175
Anatomy	p. 175
Technique	p. 177
Scanning Tips	p. 177
Normal Images	p. 178
Abnormal Images	p. 179
Literature Review	p. 180
New Directions	p. 181
References	p. 181
Fractures	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
Focused Questions for Bone Ultrasound	p. 183
Anatomy	p. 183
Technique	p. 184
Scanning Tips	p. 184
Normal Images	p. 185
Abnormal Images	p. 186
Literature Review	p. 187
New Directions	p. 188
References	p. 189
Procedural Ultrasound	p. 191
Vascular Access	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Focused Questions for Vascular Access	p. 195
Anatomy	p. 195
Technique	p. 198
Cannulation of the Subclavian Vein	p. 205
Cannulation of the External Jugular Vein	p. 205
Peripheral Venous Cannulation	p. 205
Scanning Tips	p. 206
Pitfalls	p. 207
Literature Review	p. 207
References	p. 208
Ultrasound for Procedure Guidance	p. 209
Cannulation of the Brachial and Cephalic Veins of the Upper Extremity	p. 209
Focused Question	p. 209
Anatomy	p. 209
Technique	p. 209
Tips	p. 210
Pitfalls	p. 212
Literature Review	p. 212
References	p. 212
Pleural Effusion and Thoracentesis	p. 212
Focused Questions	p. 213
Anatomy	p. 213
Technique	p. 213
Tips	p. 215
Pitfalls	p. 215
Literature Review	p. 215
References	p. 216
Ascites and Paracentesis	p. 216
Focused Questions	p. 216
Anatomy	p. 216
Technique	p. 217
Tips	p. 218
Pitfalls	p. 218
Literature Review	p. 218
References	p. 219
Joint Effusions and Arthrocentesis Focused Questions	p. 219
Anatomy	p. 219
Technique	p. 220
Knee	p. 221
Ankle	p. 221
Shoulder	p. 222
Tips	p. 223
Pitfalls	p. 223
Literature Review	p. 223
References	p. 223
Foreign Body Identification/Localization	p. 224
Focused Questions	p. 224
Anatomy	p. 224
Technique	p. 225
Tips	p. 229
Pitfalls	p. 229
Literature Review	p. 229
References	p. 230
Abscess Identification	p. 230
Focused Questions	p. 230
Anatomy	p. 230
Technique	p. 230
Peritonsillar Abscesses	p. 233
Literature Review	p. 233
References	p. 234
Lumbar Puncture	p. 234
Focused Questions	p. 235
Anatomy	p. 235
Technique	p. 235
Tips	p. 236
Pitfalls	p. 237
Literature Review	p. 237
References	p. 237
Index	p. 239
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