Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers

by Mamlouk, Michael S.; Zaniewski, John P.

• ISBN13: 9780673981875
• ISBN10: 0673981878
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Revision of the best selling civil engineering materials book on the market right now. Appropriate for civil engineering students at the junior or senior level. In the second edition, new sample problems have been added throughout the text. Many numerical problems have been added at the end of each chapter. The authors added many figures and pictures throughout the MS, especially in the appendix. The sections on Heat Treatment of Steel, Properties of Blended Aggregates, Admixtures for Concrete, Superpave Mix Design have been changed or updated. New sections on Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate, Selef Consolidating Concrete and Flowable Fill, High-Performance Concrete have been added.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Materials Engineering Concepts	1	(39)
Economic Factors	2	(1)
Mechanical Properties	3	(16)
Loading Conditions	3	(1)
Stress-Strain Relations	4	(1)
Elastic Behavior	5	(3)
Elasto-Plastic Behavior	8	(3)
Work and Energy	11	(1)
Time-Dependent Response	12	(1)
Rheological Models	13	(4)
Temperature and Time Effects	17	(1)
Failure and Safety	18	(1)
Nonmechanical Properties	19	(3)
Density and Unit Weight	19	(1)
Thermal Expansion	20	(2)
Surface Characteristics	22	(1)
Production and Construction	22	(1)
Aesthetic Characteristics	23	(1)
Material Variability	23	(6)
Sampling	25	(1)
Normal Distribution	25	(1)
Control Charts	26	(2)
Experimental Error	28	(1)
Laboratory Measuring Devices	29	(11)
Dial Gauge	30	(1)
Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)	31	(2)
Strain Gauge	33	(1)
Proving Ring	33	(1)
Load Cell	34	(1)
Summary	35	(1)
Questions and Problems	36	(3)
References	39	(1)
Nature of Materials	40	(30)
Basic Materials Concepts	40	(6)
Electron Configuration	40	(3)
Bonding	43	(3)
Material Classification by Bond Type	46	(1)
Metallic Materials	46	(13)
Lattice Structure	47	(4)
Lattice Defects	51	(1)
Grain Structure	51	(3)
Alloys	54	(1)
Phase Diagrams	55	(4)
Combined Effects	59	(1)
Inorganic Solids	59	(3)
Organic Solids	62	(8)
Polymer Development, Structure, and Cross Linking	63	(1)
Melting and Glass Transition Temperature	64	(1)
Mechanical Properties	65	(2)
Summary	67	(1)
Questions and Problems	67	(2)
References	69	(1)
Steel	70	(28)
Steel Production	71	(1)
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram	72	(3)
Heat Treatment of Steel	75	(1)
Annealing	76	(1)
Normalizing	76	(1)
Hardening	76	(1)
Tempering	76	(1)
Steel Alloys	76	(2)
Structural Steel	78	(2)
Structural Steel Grades	78	(1)
Sectional Shapes	78	(2)
Reinforcing Steel	80	(3)
Mechanical Testing of Steel	83	(8)
Tension Test	83	(3)
Torsion Test	86	(2)
Charpy V Notch Impact Test	88	(2)
Bend Test	90	(1)
Hardness Test	90	(1)
Welding	91	(2)
Steel Corrosion	93	(5)
Methods for Corrosion Resistance	93	(1)
Summary	94	(1)
Questions and Problems	94	(3)
References	97	(1)
Aluminum	98	(14)
Aluminum Production	99	(3)
Aluminum Metallurgy	102	(3)
Alloy Designation System	102	(3)
Temper Treatments	105	(1)
Aluminum Testing and Properties	105	(3)
Welding and Fastening	108	(1)
Corrosion	109	(3)
Summary	109	(1)
Questions and Problems	110	(1)
References	111	(1)
Aggregates	112	(28)
Aggregate Sources	112	(1)
Geological Classification	112	(1)
Evaluation of Aggregate Sources	113	(1)
Aggregate Uses	114	(1)
Aggregate Properties	114	(21)
Particle Shape and Surface Texture	114	(3)
Soundness and Durability	117	(1)
Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance	118	(1)
Absorption	118	(1)
Specific Gravity	119	(2)
Strength and Modulus	121	(1)
Gradation and Maximum Size	121	(12)
Deleterious Substances in Aggregate	133	(1)
Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity	134	(1)
Affinity for Asphalt	134	(1)
Handling Aggregates	135	(1)
Sampling Aggregates	135	(5)
Summary	137	(1)
Questions and Problems	137	(2)
References	139	(1)
Portland Cement	140	(25)
Portland Cement Production	140	(2)
Chemical Composition of Portland Cement	142	(1)
Fineness of Portland Cement	143	(1)
Specific Gravity of Portland Cement	143	(1)
Hydration of Portland Cement	143	(2)
Structure Development in Cement Paste	145	(1)
Evaluation of Hydration Progress	145	(1)
Voids in Hydrated Cement	145	(2)
Properties of Hydrated Cement	147	(2)
Setting	147	(1)
Soundness	148	(1)
Compressive Strength	148	(1)
Water-Cement Ratio	149	(1)
Types of Portland Cement	150	(3)
Standard Portland Cement Types	151	(2)
Other Cement Types	153	(1)
Mixing Water	153	(1)
Admixtures for Concrete	154	(11)
Air Entrainers	155	(1)
Water Reducers	156	(1)
Superplasticizers	157	(1)
Retarders	157	(1)
Accelerators	158	(1)
Fine Minerals	159	(3)
Specialty Admixtures	162	(1)
Summary	162	(1)
Questions and Problems	162	(2)
References	164	(1)
Portland Cement Concrete	165	(42)
Proportioning of Concrete Mixes	165	(16)
Basic Steps for Weight and Absolute Volume Methods	166	(14)
Mixing Concrete for Small Jobs	180	(1)
Mixing and Handling Fresh Concrete	181	(4)
Ready Mixed Concrete	181	(1)
Mobile Batcher Mixed Concrete	182	(1)
Pumped Concrete	182	(1)
Vibration of Concrete	182	(1)
Pitfalls and Precautions for Mixing Water	183	(1)
Measuring Air Content in Fresh Concrete	183	(2)
Curing Concrete	185	(3)
Ponding or Immersion	186	(1)
Spraying or Fogging	186	(1)
Wet Coverings	186	(1)
Impervious Papers or Plastic Sheets	187	(1)
Membrane-forming Compounds	187	(1)
Forms Left in Place	187	(1)
Steam Curing	187	(1)
Insulating Blankets or Covers	187	(1)
Electrical, Hot Oil, and Infrared Curing	187	(1)
Curing Period	188	(1)
Properties of Hardened Concrete	188	(4)
Early Volume Change	188	(1)
Creep Properties	189	(1)
Permeability	189	(1)
Stress-Strain Relation	190	(2)
Testing of Hardened Concrete	192	(6)
Compressive Strength Test	192	(1)
Split-Tension Test	193	(1)
Flexure Strength Test	194	(2)
Rebound Hammer Test	196	(1)
Penetration Resistance Test	196	(1)
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test	197	(1)
Maturity Test	197	(1)
Alternatives to Conventional Concrete	198	(9)
Lightweight Concrete	198	(1)
Heavyweight Concrete	199	(1)
High-strength Concrete	200	(1)
High-workability Concrete	200	(1)
Shrinkage Compensating Concrete	201	(1)
Polymers and Concrete	201	(1)
Fiber-reinforced Concrete	201	(1)
Roller-compacted Concrete	202	(1)
High-Performance Concrete	203	(1)
Summary	203	(1)
Questions and Problems	203	(3)
References	206	(1)
Masonry	207	(10)
Masonry Units	207	(7)
Concrete Masonry Units	208	(3)
Clay Bricks	211	(3)
Mortar	214	(1)
Grout	215	(1)
Plaster	215	(2)
Summary	215	(1)
Questions and Problems	215	(1)
References	216	(1)
Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture	217	(52)
Types of Asphalt Products	220	(1)
Uses of Asphalt	221	(1)
Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt	222	(1)
Chemical Properties of Asphalt	222	(2)
Superpave	224	(1)
Characterization of Asphalt	224	(8)
Superpave Binder Characterization Approach	224	(1)
Superpave Binder Characterization Tests	225	(4)
Superpave Testing Procedure	229	(1)
Traditional Asphalt Characterization Tests	230	(2)
Characterization of Emulsion and Cutback	232	(1)
Classification of Asphalt	232	(7)
Asphalt Binders	232	(6)
Asphalt Cutbacks	238	(1)
Asphalt Emulsions	238	(1)
Asphalt Concrete	239	(1)
Desired Properties	239	(1)
Asphalt Concrete Production	239	(1)
Asphalt Concrete Mix Design	240	(19)
Specimen Preparation in the Laboratory	240	(2)
Density and Voids Analysis	242	(4)
Superpave Mix Design	246	(5)
Marshall Method of Mix Design	251	(5)
Hveem Method of Mix Design	256	(2)
Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility	258	(1)
Characterization of Asphalt Concrete	259	(4)
Indirect Tensile Strength	259	(1)
Diametral Tensile Resilient Modulus	260	(2)
Freeze and Thaw Test	262	(1)
Creep Compliance	262	(1)
Use of Rheological Models to Analyze Time Dependent Response	263	(1)
Recycling of Asphalt Concrete	263	(1)
Surface Recycling	264	(1)
Central Plant Recycling	264	(1)
In-Place Recycling	264	(1)
Additives	264	(5)
Fillers	265	(1)
Extenders	265	(1)
Rubber	265	(1)
Plastics	265	(1)
Antistripping Agents	265	(1)
Others	265	(1)
Summary	266	(1)
Questions and Problems	266	(2)
References	268	(1)
Wood	269	(30)
Structure of Wood	270	(2)
Growth Rings	270	(1)
Anisotropic Nature of Wood	271	(1)
Chemical Composition	272	(1)
Moisture Content	273	(1)
Wood Production	274	(3)
Cutting Techniques	276	(1)
Seasoning	276	(1)
Lumber Grades	277	(2)
Hardwood Grades	278	(1)
Softwood Grades	278	(1)
Defects in Lumber	279	(3)
Knots	279	(1)
Shakes	279	(1)
Wane	279	(1)
Sap Streak	280	(1)
Reaction Wood	281	(1)
Pitch Pockets	281	(1)
Bark Pockets	281	(1)
Checks	281	(1)
Splits	281	(1)
Warping	281	(1)
Raised, Loosened, or Fuzzy Grain	281	(1)
Chipped or Torn Grain	281	(1)
Machine Burn	281	(1)
Physical Properties	282	(1)
Specific Gravity and Density	282	(1)
Thermal Properties	282	(1)
Electrical Properties	283	(1)
Mechanical Properties	283	(2)
Modulus of Elasticity	283	(1)
Strength Properties	284	(1)
Creep	284	(1)
Damping Capacity	284	(1)
Testing to Determine Mechanical Properties	285	(3)
Static Bending Test	286	(1)
Compression Tests	287	(1)
Design Considerations	288	(1)
Organisms That Degrade Wood	289	(1)
Fungi	289	(1)
Bacteria	290	(1)
Insects	290	(1)
Marine Organisms	290	(1)
Wood Preservation	290	(1)
Petroleum-based Solutions	290	(1)
Waterborne Preservatives (Salts)	290	(1)
Application Techniques	291	(1)
Engineered Wood Products	291	(8)
Glued-Laminated Timbers	292	(1)
Plywood	293	(1)
Particle Board and Strand Board	294	(1)
Summary	295	(1)
Questions and Problems	295	(3)
References	298	(1)
Composites	299	(15)
Microscopic Composites	300	(5)
Fiber-Reinforced Composites	301	(1)
Particle-Reinforced Composites	301	(1)
Matrix Phase	302	(1)
Fabrication	302	(1)
Civil Engineering Applications	303	(2)
Macroscopic Composites	305	(3)
Plain Portland Cement Concrete	306	(1)
Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete	306	(1)
Asphalt Concrete	307	(1)
Engineered Wood	307	(1)
Properties of Composites	308	(6)
Loading Parallel to Fibers	308	(2)
Loading Perpendicular to Fibers	310	(1)
Randomly Oriented Fiber Composites	311	(1)
Particle-Reinforced Composites	312	(1)
Summary	312	(1)
Questions and Problems	312	(1)
References	313	(1)
Appendix: Laboratory Manual	314	(67)
Experiment No. 1. Introduction to Measuring Devices	315	(1)
Experiment No. 2. Tension Test of Steel and Aluminum	316	(3)
Experiment No. 3. Torsion Test of Steel and Aluminum	319	(2)
Experiment No. 4. Impact Test of Steel	321	(2)
Experiment No. 5. Microscopic Inspection of Materials	323	(1)
Experiment No. 6. Sieve Analysis of Aggregates	324	(3)
Experiment No. 7. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate	327	(2)
Experiment No. 8. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate	329	(3)
Experiment No. 9. Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete	332	(2)
Experiment No. 10. Unit Weight and Yield of Freshly Mixed Concrete	334	(3)
Experiment No. 11. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Pressure Method	337	(2)
Experiment No. 12. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Volumetric Method	339	(2)
Experiment No. 13. Making and Curing Concrete Cylinders and Beams	341	(2)
Experiment No. 14. Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens with Sulfur or Capping Compound	343	(1)
Experiment No. 15. Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens	344	(3)
Experiment No. 16. Flexural Strength of Concrete	347	(2)
Experiment No. 17. Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete	349	(1)
Experiment No. 18. Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete	350	(1)
Experiment No. 19. Testing of Concrete Masonry Units	351	(3)
Experiment No. 20. Viscosity of Asphalt Binder by Rotational Viscometer	354	(2)
Experiment No. 21. Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test of Asphalt Binder	356	(2)
Experiment No. 22. Penetration Test of Asphalt Cement	358	(2)
Experiment No. 23. Absolute Viscosity Test of Asphalt	360	(2)
Experiment No. 24. Preparation of Asphalt Concrete Specimens Using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor	362	(4)
Experiment No. 25. Preparation of Asphalt Concrete Specimens Using the Marshall Compactor	366	(2)
Experiment No. 26. Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminious Mixtures	368	(1)
Experiment No. 27. Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete	369	(2)
Experiment No. 28. Creep Test of Asphalt Concrete	371	(2)
Experiment No. 29. Bending and Compression Tests of Wood	373	(5)
Experiment No. 30. Tensile Properties of Plastics	378	(3)
Index	381