The Media in American Politics Contents and Consequences

by Paletz, David

• ISBN13: 9780321077776
• ISBN10: 0321077776
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-26
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Praised for its strong research base, engaging writing style and inclusion of popular culture, the Second Edition comprehensively examines media and American politics with new discussion on the Internet, Election 2000, and important trends in the field.Includes examples and discussions of Election 2000. Extensive Internet discussions have been added to 13 of the 15 chapters. A comprehensive analysis of the media's effects on public policy is included. Thoroughly discusses neglected topics such as the police, pornography, terrorism and violence.For those interested in media and politics.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Part I The Media	1	(116)
Introduction	1	(22)
Approach	2	(1)
Political Contents in The Media	2	(3)
Political Contents in Movies	5	(1)
Political Humor	6	(10)
Criteria for Categorizing Political Humor	8	(3)
Supportive Humor	11	(1)
Benging Humor	12	(1)
Undermining Humor	13	(1)
Subversive Humor	14	(1)
Considerations	15	(1)
New Technology	16	(2)
Summary	18	(1)
Notes	18	(4)
For Further Reading	22	(1)
Recommended Movies	22	(1)
Selected Websites	22	(1)
Media Modes	23	(34)
Advertising	23	(3)
Production and Placement	24	(1)
Political Contents and Consequences	25	(1)
Television	26	(5)
Advertisements	27	(1)
Contents of TV Network Broadcasts	27	(2)
Cable TV	29	(1)
Public Television	30	(1)
Radio	31	(2)
Contents of Radio Programming	32	(1)
Public Radio	32	(1)
Music	33	(2)
Music Production and Sales	33	(1)
Political Contents and Consequences of Music	34	(1)
Newspapers	35	(1)
Ownership of Newspapers	35	(1)
Funding of Newspapers	35	(1)
Contents of Newspapers	36	(1)
Magazines	36	(3)
Contents of Magazines	36	(1)
Ownership of Magazines	37	(1)
Funding of Magazines	38	(1)
Comic Books	38	(1)
Books	39	(2)
Funding for Books	39	(1)
Book Promotion and Sales	40	(1)
Political Contents and Consequences of Books	41	(1)
Movies	41	(3)
Movie Production	41	(1)
Movie Funding	42	(1)
Movie Distribution and Promotion	43	(1)
Internet	44	(2)
Modes	44	(2)
Globalization and Market Domination	46	(5)
Integration	48	(2)
Complexity of Media Ownership	50	(1)
Summary	51	(1)
Notes	51	(5)
For Further Reading	56	(1)
Recommended Movies	56	(1)
Selected Websites	56	(1)
News	57	(29)
Journalists	57	(1)
Criteria	58	(2)
Acquisition	60	(4)
Originate	60	(1)
Receive	61	(1)
Gather	62	(2)
Indexing	64	(1)
Conversion	64	(5)
Owners and Editors	65	(1)
Objectivity	65	(3)
Wire and Other News Services	68	(1)
Presentation	69	(2)
Newspapers	69	(1)
Television	70	(1)
Purveyors	71	(4)
The Elite Press	72	(1)
Prestige	72	(1)
Popular	73	(1)
Tabloid	74	(1)
Trends	75	(2)
Tabloidization	75	(2)
Civic Journalism	77	(1)
Internet	77	(2)
Summary	79	(1)
Notes	79	(5)
For Further Reading	84	(1)
Recommended Movies	84	(1)
Selected Websites	84	(2)
Restraints	86	(31)
Information	87	(9)
Acquisition	87	(4)
Prior Restraint	91	(1)
Shield Laws	92	(1)
Protection	93	(1)
Defamation	94	(1)
Right of Reply	95	(1)
Constraints on Content	96	(8)
Pressure	96	(3)
Government	99	(2)
Media Personnel	101	(3)
Special Restraint Cases	104	(3)
Advertising	104	(1)
Pornography	104	(2)
Coverage of Terrorism	106	(1)
Violence against the Press	107	(1)
Internet	108	(2)
Regulation	109	(1)
Summary	110	(1)
Notes	111	(4)
For Further Reading	115	(1)
Recommended Movies	115	(1)
Selected Websites	115	(2)
Part II The People	117	(78)
Reception	117	(13)
Powerful Media	117	(2)
Hypodermic Theory	118	(1)
Cultivation Approach	119	(1)
Weak Media	119	(1)
Purposive Audience	120	(1)
Uses and Gratifications Approach	120	(1)
Media Systems Dependency	121	(1)
Active Audience	121	(2)
Response Approach	122	(1)
Processing Media Content	123	(1)
Schematic Thinking	124	(1)
Constructionist Approach	124	(1)
Recall	124	(1)
Summary	125	(1)
Notes	125	(4)
For Further Reading	129	(1)
Recommended Movies	129	(1)
Political Socialization	130	(24)
Children	131	(2)
Awareness and Absorption of Political Media Contents	132	(1)
Women	133	(7)
Cautions	134	(1)
Past Portrayals of Women in the Media	135	(2)
Later Portrayals of Women in the Media	137	(1)
Media Backlash	138	(1)
Current Representations	139	(1)
Socialization Consequences	139	(1)
African Americans	140	(2)
Portrayals in Movies and Television	140	(1)
Portrayals in News	140	(1)
Current Representations	141	(1)
Socialization Consequences	141	(1)
Homosexuals	142	(2)
Portrayals in Movies and Television	142	(1)
Portrayals in News	142	(1)
Socialization Consequences	143	(1)
Violence	144	(3)
Fictional Violence in the Media	145	(1)
Socialization Consequences	146	(1)
Summary	147	(1)
Notes	148	(5)
For Further Reading	153	(1)
Recommended Movies	153	(1)
Selected Websites	153	(1)
Public Opinion	154	(21)
Background	154	(2)
The RAS Model	155	(1)
Effects of the Media on Public Opinion	156	(6)
Agenda Setting	157	(1)
Priming	158	(1)
Framing	159	(1)
The Bandwagon Effect	160	(1)
The Spiral of Silence	160	(1)
The Third-Person Effect	161	(1)
Coverage of Polls in the Media	162	(7)
Attractions of Polls	162	(1)
Contents	163	(1)
Reliability and Credibility	164	(1)
Interpretation	165	(2)
Political Consequences	167	(2)
Internet	169	(1)
Summary	170	(1)
Notes	170	(4)
For Further Reading	174	(1)
Recommended Movies	174	(1)
Selected Websites	174	(1)
Political Participation	175	(20)
Forms of Participation	175	(2)
Media's Effects on Political Participation	177	(4)
Television	177	(1)
News	178	(1)
Other Ways of Discouraging Participation	178	(1)
Stimulating Participation	179	(2)
Pseudoparticipation	181	(2)
PSAs	181	(2)
Media Coverage of Social Movements	183	(4)
Women's Rights Movement	184	(1)
Civil Rights Movement	184	(2)
Resource-Poor Movements	186	(1)
New Left	186	(1)
Media Coverage of Violent Participation	187	(3)
Riots	187	(2)
Terrorism	189	(1)
Internet	190	(1)
Summary	191	(1)
Notes	191	(3)
For Further Reading	194	(1)
Recommended Movies	194	(1)
Selected Websites	194	(1)
Part III The Intermediaries	195	(48)
Interest Groups and Political Parties	195	(20)
Approach	195	(1)
The Media	196	(2)
Common Cause	198	(5)
Structure of News Analysis	198	(1)
Explanation of the Analysis	199	(3)
Consequences of Press Coverage	202	(1)
Interest Groups' Media Tactics	203	(4)
Image Portrayal	203	(1)
Policy Goals	204	(2)
Health Care	206	(1)
The Media and Political Parties	207	(3)
Media Effects	208	(2)
Internet	210	(1)
Summary	211	(1)
Notes	212	(2)
For Further Reading	214	(1)
Recommended Movies	214	(1)
Selected Websites	214	(1)
Campaign and Elections	215	(28)
Campaign Elements	215	(3)
Money	216	(1)
Strategies	216	(2)
Voters	218	(1)
Media Involvement	218	(15)
Mostly Mediated Contents	220	(5)
Partly Mediated Contents	225	(3)
Unmediated Contents	228	(5)
Internet	233	(3)
2000 Presidential Election	234	(2)
Summary	236	(2)
Notes	238	(3)
For Further Reading	241	(1)
Recommended Movies	242	(1)
Selected Websites	242	(1)
Part IV The Government	243	(128)
Congress	243	(20)
Media Portrayal	244	(5)
Coverage	245	(2)
Causes and Consequences of Coverage	247	(2)
Using the Media	249	(5)
Party Leaders	249	(1)
Media Entrepreneurs	250	(2)
Self-Promoters	252	(1)
Hearings	253	(1)
Local Media	254	(3)
Contents	255	(2)
Internet	257	(1)
Summary	258	(1)
Notes	258	(4)
For Further Reading	262	(1)
Recommended Movies	262	(1)
Selected Websites	262	(1)
The Presidency	263	(24)
Expectations	263	(2)
Presidential Persuasion	265	(1)
Presidents and the Media	265	(3)
Presidential Media-Managing Institutions	266	(2)
Media Coverage	268	(3)
Unmediated and Media-Originated Content	268	(1)
Partly Mediated Content	269	(1)
Mostly Mediated Content	269	(1)
Media Depictions	270	(1)
President Reagan and the Media	271	(2)
The Man	271	(1)
His Policies	272	(1)
White House Media Techniques	272	(1)
President George Bush and the Media	273	(1)
President Clinton and the Media	274	(6)
Initial White House Media Techniques	274	(1)
News Coverage	275	(1)
Commentators' Coverage	276	(1)
Revised White House Media Techniques	277	(1)
Scandal	278	(2)
Internet	280	(1)
Summary	281	(1)
Notes	282	(4)
For Further Reading	286	(1)
Recommended Movies	286	(1)
Selected Websites	286	(1)
Bureaucracy	287	(26)
Bureaucracy-Media Interaction	288	(4)
Media Objectives of Departments and Agencies	289	(2)
Public Information Officers	291	(1)
The Police	292	(5)
News Portrayals	294	(1)
Reality Shows	295	(1)
Verdict	296	(1)
False Nuclear Alerts---A Case Study	297	(7)
What Happened	297	(1)
The Pentagon's Perspective	298	(2)
Types of News Coverage	300	(4)
Analysis of Coverage	304	(1)
Wars	304	(4)
The Vietnam War	305	(1)
The Gulf War	305	(2)
Bombing of Serbia	307	(1)
Internet	308	(1)
Summary	308	(1)
Notes	309	(3)
For Further Reading	312	(1)
Recommended Movies	312	(1)
Selected Websites	312	(1)
Judiciary	313	(25)
Nomination of Clarence Thomas	314	(4)
Media Coverage and Public Opinion	315	(2)
Media's Influence on Senate Hearings	317	(1)
The Supreme Court	318	(6)
A Political Judiciary	318	(2)
Court-Media Relationship	320	(1)
Reporters	321	(1)
News Coverage	322	(2)
State Courts	324	(3)
State Courts Reporters	325	(1)
Attorneys Shape the Story	325	(1)
Portrayal in Popular Culture	326	(1)
Cameras in the Courtroom	327	(4)
Objections	328	(1)
Court TV	329	(1)
The O. J. Simpson Trial	329	(2)
Internet	331	(1)
Summary	331	(1)
Notes	332	(4)
For Further Reading	336	(1)
Recommended Movies	337	(1)
Selected Websites	337	(1)
Public Policy	338	(25)
Policymaking	338	(2)
Policy Stability and Change	339	(1)
The Media	340	(3)
News Coverage	340	(3)
Policy Stages	343	(6)
Problem Formation	343	(1)
Agenda Setting	344	(1)
Formulation	345	(1)
Legitimation and Adoption	346	(1)
Implementation and Administration	347	(1)
Evaluation	348	(1)
Two Case Studies	349	(5)
Teh Media and the S&L Debacle	350	(3)
The Media and Regulation of the Chemical Industry	353	(1)
Foreign Policy	354	(3)
Indexing	354	(1)
CNN Effect	355	(2)
Internet	357	(1)
Summary	358	(1)
Notes	358	(4)
For Further Reading	362	(1)
Recommended Movies	362	(1)
Selected Websites	362	(1)
Conclusions	363	(8)
The Internet	364	(3)
Privacy	364	(1)
Information Gap	365	(1)
Control	365	(1)
Contents	365	(2)
Frustration	367	(1)
Summary	367	(2)
Notes	369	(1)
For Further Reading	370	(1)
Selected Websites	370	(1)
Appendix A Commentary	371	(13)
Ideology	371	(2)
Placement	371	(2)
Newspapers	373	(2)
Columinsts	374	(1)
Radio	375	(2)
Call-In Shows	375	(1)
Noncommercial Radio	376	(1)
Television	377	(4)
Political Interview Shows	377	(1)
Newsmagazines	377	(1)
Partisan Programs	378	(1)
Pundits	379	(1)
Talk Shows	380	(1)
Magazines	381	(1)
Summary	381	(1)
Notes	382	(1)
For Further Reading	383	(1)
Selected Websites	383	(1)
Appendix B Movies on Congress	384	(6)
The Campaign	384	(1)
Political Ambition	385	(1)
Congressional Processes	385	(2)
Congressional Committees	387	(1)
House Committee on Un-American Activities	387	(1)
Members Outside the Institution	388	(1)
Summary	388	(1)
Notes	389	(1)
Index	390