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9780205335404

The Media of Mass Communication

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780205335404

  • ISBN10:

    0205335403

  • Edition: 6th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2001-07-01
  • Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

This up-to-date, thoughtful, and reader-friendly presentation of the mass media, media messages, and media issues helps instructors use the media to teach the media, as they explore its excitement, complexity, and impact on our lives. Widely praised for its ability to make learning interesting, Vivian excites students as they explore the ever-changing subject of mass communication. The text retains its emphasis on the challenges of media while building on its extensive coverage of media history, effects, and culture. Every chapter reflects the most current statistics, issues, and challenges facing the media today.

Table of Contents

Features xv
Preface xvii
About the Author xxiv
Award for Excellence xxv
section one The Mass Media
Mass Media
1(26)
Vignette:
1(1)
Sumner Redstone
Importance of Mass Media
2(3)
Pervasiveness
2(1)
Information Source
3(1)
Entertainment Source
3(1)
Persuasion Forum
4(1)
Binding Influence
4(1)
Primary Mass Media
5(2)
Print Media
5(1)
Electronic Media
6(1)
Chemical Media
7(1)
Mass Media Models
7(4)
Hot-Cool Model
7(1)
Entertainment-Information Model
7(1)
Content-Distribution Model
8(1)
Elitist-Populist Model
9(1)
Pull-Push Model
10(1)
Economics of Mass Media
11(4)
Economic Foundation
11(3)
Economic Imperative
14(1)
Upside and Downside
14(1)
Media Demassification
15(1)
Technology and Demassification
15(1)
Effects of Demassification
15(1)
Media Conglomeration
16(6)
Media Ownership Consolidation
17(1)
Media Ownership Collaboration
18(1)
Dubious Effects of Conglomeration
18(4)
Positive Effects of Conglomeration
22(1)
Media Melding
22(1)
Digitization
23(1)
Intracorporate Synergy
23(1)
Media Future: Mass Media
23(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
24(1)
Questions for Review
24(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
24(1)
Keeping Up to Pate
24(3)
Books
27(24)
Vignette:
27(1)
J. K. Rowling
Books in the Culture
28(3)
Books in Human History
28(2)
Books in National Development
30(1)
Book Categories
31(3)
Trade Books
31(1)
Textbooks
32(2)
Book Publishers
34(2)
Major Houses
34(1)
Book Industry Consolidation
34(1)
Government Printing Office
35(1)
Small Publishers
35(1)
Book Production
36(1)
Book Authors
36(2)
Authoring Process
36(1)
Author-Publisher Relations
37(1)
Book Issues
38(3)
Blockbusters
39(1)
Mass Marketing
39(1)
Book Censorship
40(1)
Evaluating Books
41(2)
Populist Measures
41(1)
Quality Measures
42(1)
Book Trends
43(5)
Paperback Books
43(1)
Book Retailing
43(3)
Electronic Books
46(1)
Books and Media Melding
46(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
48(1)
Questions for Review
48(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
48(1)
Keeping Up to Date
49(2)
Magazines
51(22)
Vignette:
51(1)
Bob Petersen
Influence of Magazines
52(1)
Contributing to Nationhood
52(1)
National Advertising Medium
52(1)
Massive Magazine Audience
53(1)
Magazines as Media Innovators
53(3)
Investigative Reporting
54(1)
Personality Profiles
54(1)
Photojournalism
54(2)
Consumer Magazines
56(5)
Circulation Leaders
56(1)
Newsmagazines
57(1)
Newspaper Supplements
58(1)
Women's Magazines
59(1)
Men's Magazines
60(1)
Nonnewsrack Magazines
61(3)
Sponsored Magazines
61(1)
Trade Journals
62(1)
Criticism of Trade Magazines
62(1)
Newsletters
63(1)
Magazine Demassification
64(4)
Heyday of Mass Magazines
64(1)
Assault from Television
65(1)
A Narrower Focus
65(1)
Critics of Demassification
66(1)
New Competition
67(1)
Web Magazines
67(1)
Evaluating Magazines
68(1)
Populist Measures
68(1)
Quality Measures
68(1)
Media Future: Magazines
69(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
70(1)
Questions for Review
70(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
70(1)
Keeping Up to Date
71(2)
Newspapers
73(28)
Vignette:
73(1)
George Gilder
Importance of Newspapers
74(1)
Newspaper Industry Dimensions
74(1)
Content Diversity and Depth
75(1)
Newspaper Chain Ownership
75(3)
Trend Toward Chains
75(2)
Assessing Chain Ownership
77(1)
Evaluating Newspapers
78(1)
Circulation and Penetration
78(1)
Quality Indicators
78(1)
National Dailies
79(6)
Wall Street Journal
79(3)
USA Today
82(1)
Christian Science Monitor
83(1)
National Editions
84(1)
Hometown Newspapers
85(3)
Metropolitan Dailies
85(3)
Hometown Dailies
88(1)
Challenges for Daily Newspapers
88(5)
Daily Newspaper Finances
88(1)
Daily Newspaper Circulation
89(1)
Daily Newspaper Advertising
89(1)
Newspaper Web Sites
90(2)
Innovations
92(1)
Cost-Cutting
92(1)
Weekly Newspapers
93(1)
Community Weeklies
93(1)
Shoppers
94(1)
Alternative and Minority Newspapers
94(3)
Counterculture Newspapers
94(1)
Gay Newspapers
95(1)
Black Newspapers
95(1)
Foreign-Language Newspapers
96(1)
Media Future: Newspapers
97(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
99(1)
Questions for Review
99(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
99(1)
Keeping Up to Date
99(2)
Recordings
101(26)
Vignette:
101(1)
Shawn Fanning
Recorded Music as a Social Force
102(1)
Rallying Power
102(1)
Leading and Reflecting Change
103(1)
Recording Industry
103(4)
Industry Scope
103(2)
The Big Five
105(1)
Indies
105(2)
Sound-Recording Technology
107(2)
Thomas Edison's Phonograph
107(1)
Electrical Recording
108(1)
Microgrooves and Stereo
109(1)
Digital Technology
109(1)
Compact Discs
109(1)
Streaming
110(1)
Evolution of Music
110(2)
American Folk Music
110(1)
Early Rock 'n' Roll
111(1)
Changes in the Music Business
112(3)
Restructured Record Industry
113(1)
Music Demassification
113(1)
Streaming Adjustment
114(1)
Marketing Records
115(3)
Radio Airplay
115(1)
Payola
116(1)
Tracking Sales
117(1)
Evaluating Record Companies
118(2)
Commercial Success
118(1)
Populist Measures
118(1)
Quality Measures
118(1)
Evaluating Music
119(1)
Heisting Music
120(2)
Home Dubbing
121(1)
Piracy
121(1)
Censorship and Recorded Music
122(2)
Objectionable Music
122(1)
Record Labeling
122(1)
Lyrics and Young People
123(1)
Media Future: Recordings
124(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
124(1)
Questions for Review
124(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
124(1)
Keeping Up to Date
125(2)
Movies
127(26)
Vignette:
127(1)
Amorette Jones
Importance of Movies
128(1)
Overwhelming Experience
128(1)
Hollywood's Cultural Influence
128(1)
Technical Heritage of Movies
129(1)
Adaptation from Photography
129(1)
Adding Sound to Pictures
130(1)
Three Crises That Reshaped Hollywood
130(5)
The Hollywood 10
131(2)
Court Bans on Vertical Integration
133(2)
Challenge from Television
135(1)
Hollywood's Response to Television
135(2)
Technical Innovation
136(1)
Content Innovation
136(1)
Melding of Movies and Television
137(1)
Reconciliation of Competing Industries
137(1)
First Runs and Aftermarkets
138(1)
Movie Exhibitors
138(2)
Early Exhibition Facilities
138(1)
Multiscreen Theaters
138(1)
Inner-City Movie Houses
139(1)
Box-Office Income
140(1)
Movie Finances
140(5)
The Lesson of Intolerance
140(1)
Financing Sources
140(3)
Artistic versus Budget Issues
143(2)
Movie Censorship
145(3)
Morality as an Issue
146(1)
Movies and Changing Mores
147(1)
Current Movie Code
147(1)
Evaluating Movies
148(2)
Box Office and Grosses
149(1)
Movie Criticism
149(1)
Media Future: Movies
150(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
150(1)
Questions for Review
151(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
151(1)
Keeping Up to Date
151(2)
Radio
153(28)
Vignette:
153(1)
Don Imus
Significance of Radio
154(1)
Radio as a Motivator
154(1)
Ubiquity of Radio
154(1)
Scope of the Radio Industry
155(1)
Technical Development
155(3)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
155(1)
Transmitting Voices
156(2)
Characteristics of U.S. Radio
158(3)
Radio in the Private Sector
158(1)
Role of Advertising
159(1)
Noncommercial Radio
159(2)
Radio as Entertainment
161(2)
Early Mass Programming
161(1)
Formats for Specific Audiences
162(1)
Radio News
163(5)
Pioneer Radio News
163(1)
McLendon's Influence
164(1)
Decline of Radio News
165(2)
Talk Radio
167(1)
Radio Networks
168(2)
Four Traditional Networks
168(1)
Radio Networks Today
169(1)
Affiliate-Network Relations
169(1)
Broadcast Regulation
170(5)
Trusteeship Rationale
170(4)
Regulating Networks
174(1)
Broadcast Deregulation
174(1)
Quality on the Air
175(1)
Marketplace Values
175(1)
Measuring Quality
175(1)
Media Future: Radio
176(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
178(1)
Questions for Review
178(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
179(1)
Keeping Up to Date
179(2)
Television
181(36)
Vignette:
181(1)
John de Mol
Impact of Television
182(2)
Cultural Impact
182(1)
Mass Media Shake-Up
183(1)
Technology of Television
184(4)
Electronic Scanning
184(2)
Integrated Standardization
186(1)
High-Definition Television
187(1)
Streaming
187(1)
Structure of U.S. Television
188(2)
Dual National System
188(1)
Affiliate-Network Relations
188(2)
Campaign Advertising
190(1)
Delivery Systems
190(3)
Over-Air Stations
190(1)
Cable Systems
191(1)
Satellite-Direct
191(1)
Northpoint
191(1)
Interactive Television
192(1)
Over-Air Networks
193(4)
Traditional Networks
193(2)
Other Networks
195(1)
Late-Comers
196(1)
Cable Television
197(5)
Roots of Cable
197(1)
Gerald Levin and HBO
198(1)
Turner Broadcasting System
198(3)
Growth of Cable
201(1)
Advertising
201(1)
Television Entertainment
202(3)
Early Programming
202(2)
Producing Entertainment Programs
204(1)
Changing Program Standards
204(1)
New Ratings System
204(1)
V-Chip
204(1)
Television News
205(4)
Talking Heads and Newsreels
205(1)
Shift in Network News
206(1)
24-Hour Television News
207(2)
Local News
209(1)
Public Television
209(3)
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
209(2)
Debate over Public Funding
211(1)
Evaluating Television
212(1)
Populist Measures
212(1)
Quality Measures
213(1)
Media Future: Television
213(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
213(1)
Questions for Review
214(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
214(1)
Keeping Up to Date
214(3)
The Web
217(30)
Vignette:
217(1)
Tim Berners-Lee
World Wide Web
218(4)
New Mass Medium
218(1)
The Web in Context
219(2)
Bandwidth Limitations
221(1)
The Internet
222(3)
The Information Highway
222(2)
Online Services
224(1)
Commerce and the Web
225(1)
Advertising-Free Origins
225(1)
Web Commerce
225(1)
Web Advertising
226(1)
Measuring the Web Audience
226(3)
Inconsistent Data
227(1)
Web's Advertising Reach
228(1)
Web Technology
229(3)
Transistors
229(1)
Fiber Optics
230(2)
Nonlinear Communication
232(3)
Vannevar Bush's Memex
233(2)
Hypertext
235(2)
Pre-Hypertext Innovations
235(1)
Hypertext News
236(1)
Hyperfiction
236(1)
Evaluating the Web
237(1)
Accuracy on the Web
237(1)
Strengths of Sites
237(1)
Media Melding
238(3)
Technological Convergence
238(1)
Transition Ahead
239(1)
Government Deregulation
239(2)
Public Policy and the Web
241(2)
Universal Access
241(1)
Global Inequities
242(1)
Privacy and the Web
242(1)
Cyberpornography
242(1)
Media Future: The Web
243(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
244(1)
Questions for Review
245(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
245(1)
Keeping Up to Date
245(2)
section two Mass Messages
News
247(28)
Vignette:
247(1)
Christiane Amanpour
Journalism Traditions
248(8)
Colonial Period
248(1)
Partisan Period
249(1)
Penny Press Period
250(4)
Yellow Press Period
254(2)
Personal Values in News
256(4)
Role of the Journalist
256(1)
Journalists' Personal Values
256(2)
Journalistic Bias
258(2)
Variables Affecting News
260(3)
News Hole
260(1)
News Flow and News Staffing
260(1)
Perceptions About Audience
261(1)
Availability of Material
262(1)
Competition
262(1)
Influences on News
263(2)
Advertiser Influence
263(1)
Corporate Policy
264(1)
Source Pressure
264(1)
Gatekeeping in News
265(2)
Gatekeepers' Responsibilities
265(1)
Gatekeepers at Work
266(1)
Journalism Trends
267(3)
Exploratory Reporting
267(3)
Soft News
270(1)
Identifying Good Journalism
270(1)
Audience Dimensions
270(1)
Evaluative Criteria
271(1)
Media Future: News
271(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
272(1)
Questions for Review
272(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
272(1)
Keeping Up to Date
273(2)
Public Relations
275(24)
Vignette:
275(1)
Masatochi Ono
Importance of Public Relations
276(3)
Defining Public Relations
276(2)
Public Relations in a Democracy
278(1)
Origins of Public Relations
279(5)
Moguls in Trouble
279(1)
The Ideas of Ivy Lee
280(2)
Public Relations on a New Scale
282(1)
Lobbyist-Journalist Balance
282(2)
Structure of Public Relations
284(1)
Policy Role of Public Relations
284(1)
How Public Relations Is Organized
284(1)
Public Relations Agencies
285(1)
Public Relations Services
285(4)
Activities Beyond Publicity
286(1)
Public Relations and Advertising
287(1)
Integrated Marketing
288(1)
Media Relations
289(5)
Open Media Relations
289(1)
Proactive Media Relations
290(1)
Ambivalence in Media Relations
291(1)
Adversarial Public Relations
292(2)
Professionalization
294(2)
A Tarnished Image
294(1)
Standards and Certification
294(2)
Chapter Wrap-Up
296(1)
Questions for Review
296(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
296(1)
Keeping Up to Date
297(2)
Advertising
299(26)
Vignette:
299(1)
Daisy Exposito-Ulla
Importance of Advertising
300(2)
Consumer Economies
300(1)
Advertising and Prosperity
300(1)
Advertising and Democracy
301(1)
Origins of Advertising
302(2)
Stepchild of Technology
302(1)
Industrial Revolution
303(1)
Pioneer Agencies
303(1)
Advertising Agencies
304(2)
Agency Structure
304(1)
Agency Compensation
305(1)
Advertiser's Role in Advertising
306(1)
Placing Advertisements
306(4)
Media Plans
307(1)
Media Choices
307(2)
Alternative Media
309(1)
Pitching Messages
310(3)
Importance of Brands
310(1)
Lowest Common Denominator
311(1)
Market Segments
311(1)
Redundancy Techniques
312(1)
New Advertising Techniques
312(1)
Research and Psychology
313(3)
Motivational Research
314(1)
Subliminal Advertising
314(2)
Advertising Regulation
316(4)
Media Gatekeeping
316(1)
Industry Self-Regulation
317(2)
Government Regulation
319(1)
Problems and Issues
320(2)
Advertising Clutter
320(1)
Creative Excesses
321(1)
Advertising Effectiveness
321(1)
Media Future: Advertising
322(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
322(1)
Questions for Review
323(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
323(1)
Keeping Up to Date
323(2)
Media Research
325(22)
Vignette:
325(1)
Andy Kohut
Public-Opinion Sampling
326(5)
The Surveying Industry
327(1)
Probability Sampling
327(2)
Quota Sampling
329(1)
Evaluating Surveys
329(2)
Latter-Day Straw Polls
331(1)
Measuring Audience Size
331(6)
Newspaper and Magazine Audits
332(1)
Broadcast Ratings
332(2)
Audience Measurement Techniques
334(1)
Web Audience Measures
335(1)
Criticism of Ratings
335(2)
Measuring Audience Reaction
337(1)
Focus Groups
337(1)
Galvanic Skin Checks
337(1)
Prototype Research
338(1)
Audience Analysis
338(5)
Demographics
338(1)
Cohort Analysis
339(1)
Geodemographics
340(1)
Psychographics
341(2)
Applied and Theoretical Research
343(1)
Media-Sponsored Research
343(1)
Mass Communication Scholarship
343(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
344(1)
Questions for Review
345(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
345(1)
Keeping Up to Date
345(2)
section three Mass Media Issues
Mass Communication
347(18)
Vignette:
347(1)
Wilbur Schramm
Types of Communication
348(2)
Intrapersonal Communication
348(1)
Interpersonal Communication
348(1)
Group Communication
348(2)
Mass Communication
350(1)
Components of Mass Communication
350(2)
Mass Communicators
351(1)
Mass Messages
351(1)
Mass Media
351(1)
Mass Communication
351(1)
Mass Audiences
352(1)
Communication Models
352(2)
Role of Communication Models
352(1)
Basic Model
352(2)
Narrative Model
354(1)
Concentric Circle Model
354(1)
Fundamentals in the Process
354(3)
Stimulation
354(1)
Encoding
355(1)
Transmission
355(1)
Decoding
356(1)
Internalization
356(1)
Players in the Process
357(1)
Gatekeepers
357(1)
Regulators
358(1)
Gatekeeper-Regulator Hybrids
358(1)
Impediments to Communication
358(2)
Noise
358(2)
Filters
360(1)
Results of Mass Communication
360(2)
Amplification
361(1)
Feedback
362(1)
Effects
362(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
362(1)
Questions for Review
363(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
363(1)
Keeping Up to Date
363(2)
Media Effects
365(28)
Vignette:
365
Orson Welles
Effects Studies
361(9)
Powerful Effects Theory
366(1)
Minimalist Effects Theory
367(1)
Cumulative Effects Theory
368(1)
Third-Person Effect
369(1)
Future Theories
369(1)
Uses and Gratifications Studies
370(2)
Challenges to Audience Passivity
370(1)
Surveillance Function
370(1)
Socialization Function
371(1)
Diversion Function
372(1)
Consistency Theory
372(1)
Individual Selectivity
372(3)
Selective Exposure
373(1)
Selective Perception
373(1)
Selective Retention and Recall
373(2)
Socialization
375(3)
Media's Initiating Role
375(1)
Role Models
375(2)
Stereotyping
377(1)
Socialization via Eavesdropping
378(1)
Media-Depicted Violence
378(8)
Learning About Violence
378(1)
Media Violence as Positive
379(2)
Prodding Socially Positive Action
381(1)
Media Violence as Negative
381(1)
Catalytic Theory
382(1)
Societally Debilitating Effects
383(1)
Media Violence and Youth
383(1)
Tolerance of Violence
383(2)
Violence Studies
385(1)
Media Agenda-Setting for Individuals
386(2)
Media Selection of Issues
386(1)
Intramedia Agenda-Setting
387(1)
Media-Induced Anxiety and Apathy
388(2)
Information Anxiety
388(1)
Media-Induced Passivity
389(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
390(1)
Questions for Review
390(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
390(1)
Keeping Up to Date
391(2)
Mass Media and Society
393(16)
Vignette:
393(1)
Marshall McLuhan
Mass Media Role in Culture
394(4)
Elitist versus Populist Values
394(1)
The Case Against Pop Art
395(2)
Pop Art Revisionism
397(1)
Social Stability
398(5)
Media-Induced Ritual
399(1)
Media and the Status Quo
399(1)
Media and Cognitive Dissonance
400(2)
Agenda-Setting and Status Conferral
402(1)
Media and Morality
402(1)
Cultural Transmission
403(2)
Historical Transmission
403(1)
Contemporary Transmission
404(1)
Mass Media and Fundamental Change
405(1)
Human Alienation
405(1)
Television and the Global Village
406(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
406(1)
Questions for Review
407(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
407(1)
Keeping Up to Date
407(2)
Global Mass Media
409(22)
Vignette:
409(1)
Rupert Murdoch
Global Conglomeration
410(1)
Multinational Companies
410(1)
Web and Globalization
410(1)
Effects of Globalization
411(1)
Cultural Subversiveness
411(1)
Corporate Ideology
412(1)
Cultural Intrusion
412(4)
Latter-Day Imperialism
412(1)
Non-Downward Media Exchange
413(1)
Emerging Global Media
414(2)
Insidious Western Influence
416(1)
Transnational Cultural Enrichment
416(1)
Global Media Models
416(5)
Bipolar Model
416(1)
Continuum Model
417(1)
Compass Model
418(1)
Change Model
419(1)
Subsystem Model
420(1)
Global Media Players
421(5)
News Agencies
421(2)
Video News Services
423(1)
Syndicates
424(1)
Global Media Companies
425(1)
Media Pressure Points
426(2)
Russia
426(1)
Colombia
427(1)
Media Future: Global Mass Media
428(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
428(1)
Questions for Review
429(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
429(1)
Keeping Up to Date
429(2)
Mass Media and Governance
431(22)
Vignette:
431(1)
Helen Thomas
Media Role in Governance
432(2)
Fourth Estate
432(1)
Government-Media Relations
432(2)
Media as Information Sources
434(3)
Direct versus Indirect
434(1)
Citizen Preferences
434(1)
Specialized Media
435(2)
Media Effects on Governance
437(5)
Agenda-Setting
437(1)
CNN Effect
438(1)
Priming
438(1)
Media Obsessions
439(3)
Government Manipulation of Media
442(2)
Influencing Coverage
442(1)
Trial Balloons and Leaks
443(1)
Stonewalling
444(1)
Overwhelming Information
444(1)
Status of the Watchdog
444(5)
Campaign Coverage
444(2)
Federal Coverage
446(2)
State and Local Coverage
448(1)
Media-Government Issues
449(2)
Political Favors
449(1)
Campaign Advertising
450(1)
Free Airtime
451(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
451(1)
Questions for Review
451(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
451(1)
Keeping Up to Date
451(2)
Mass Media Law
453(24)
Vignette:
453(1)
John Perry Barlow
The U.S. Constitution
454(1)
First Amendment
454(1)
Scope of the First Amendment
455(1)
Prior Restraint
455(5)
Public Nuisances
455(1)
National Security
456(2)
Military Operations
458(1)
``Fire!'' in a Crowded Theater
459(1)
Slander and Mass Media
460(4)
Concept of Libel Law
460(2)
Sullivan Case
462(1)
Fair Comment and Criticism
463(1)
Trespass, Fraud and Libel
464(1)
Privacy Law
464(2)
Intruding on Solitude
464(1)
Harassment
465(1)
Journalism Law
466(3)
Court Coverage
466(1)
Sunshine Laws
467(1)
Confidential Sources
468(1)
Obscenity and Pornography
469(2)
Import Restrictions
469(1)
Postal Restrictions
469(1)
Communications Decency Act
470(1)
Pornography versus Obscenity
470(1)
Censorship Today
471(1)
Local Censorship
471(1)
Library and School Boards
471(1)
Copyright
472(2)
How Copyright Works
472(1)
Copyright and the Web
473(1)
Music Licensing
473(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
474(1)
Questions for Review
474(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
474(1)
Keeping Up to Date
474(3)
Ethics and the Mass Media
477(20)
Vignette:
477(1)
Jesse Ventura
The Difficulty of Ethics
478(3)
Prescriptive Ethics Codes
478(1)
Conflict in Duties
478(3)
Promoting Self-Interest
481(1)
Moral Principles
481(3)
The Golden Mean
482(1)
``Do unto Others,''
483(1)
Categorical Imperatives
483(1)
Utilitarian Ethics
483(1)
Pragmatic Ethics
484(1)
Egalitarian Ethics
484(1)
Social Responsibility Ethics
484(1)
Process versus Outcome
484(2)
Deontological Ethics
484(1)
Teleological Ethics
485(1)
Situational Ethics
485(1)
Potter's Box
486(2)
Four Quadrants
486(2)
Limitations of Potter's Box
488(1)
Ethics and Other Issues
488(1)
Differentiating Ethics and Law
488(1)
Accepted Practices
489(1)
Prudence and Ethics
489(1)
Unsettled, Unsettling Issues
489(5)
Plagiarism
489(3)
Misrepresentation
492(1)
Gifts, junkets and Meals
493(1)
Chapter Wrap-Up
494(1)
Questions for Review
495(1)
Questions for Critical Thinking
495(1)
Keeping Up to Date
495(2)
Visual Messages
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Vignette
Al Diaz
Early Media Illustrations
Engravings
Editorial Cartoons
Comics
Photographic Technology
Invention of Photography
Halftones
Digital Captures
Photography in Mass Communication
Visual Messages
Troublesome Word Medium
Cameras, Films and Techniques
Stopping Motion
Celluloid
Smaller Cameras
Faster Film
Instant Photography
Documentary Photography
Mathew Brady
Frontier Photography
Depression Photography
Persuasive Photography
Illustrating Advertisements
Illustrating a Cause Poignantly
Reality Photography
Newspapers
Magazines
Moving Visuals
Evaluating Visual Messages
Images as Evocative
Recognition of Excellence
Visual Issues
Imitative or Creative
Image Ownership
Image Misrepresentation
Access for Photographers
Intruding
Chapter Wrap-Up
Questions for Review
Questions for Critical Thinking
Media and Political Systems
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Vignette:
John Twyn
Four Theories Model
Political Systems
Siebert, Peterson and Schramm
Authoritarian Media
Henry VIII
Authoritarian Control
Effectiveness of Controls
Nature of Truth
Communist Media
Marxist Underpinnings
Marxist Notion of Truth
Media Unified with Government
Libertarian Model
Optimism About the Human Mind
Marketplace of Ideas
First Amendment
Libertarians and Religion
Social Responsibility Model
Challenges to Libertarianism
Hutchins Commission
Freedom and Responsibility
Responsibility versus Profitability
Exceptions to Social Responsibility
Media Future: Political and Media Systems
Chapter Wrap-Up
Questions for Review
Questions for Critical Thinking
Index 497

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