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9781593851606

Medical Geography, Second Edition

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781593851606

  • ISBN10:

    159385160X

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-01-26
  • Publisher: The Guilford Press
  • View Upgraded Edition
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Summary

This essential text surveys the perspectives, methodologies, and theories that geographers use to address the subject of human health and disease. Wide ranging and international in scope, the volume synthesizes knowledge from across the social, physical, and biological sciences. Coverage includes the cultural ecology of disease; landscape epidemiology; developmental change and human health; biometeorology; disease ecology and spatial analysis in developed countries; spatial interaction in disease diffusion; health care resources, delivery systems, and planning; and research methodologies and data-analytic techniques. Throughout, clearly presented vignettes examine special issues and demonstrate the use of advanced statistical tools. The text is richly illustrated with tables, figures, and maps, including a four-page color insert.

Author Biography

Melinda S. Meade is a professor of geography at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is also an adjunct professor of epidemiology, a member of the ecology curriculum, and a fellow of the Carolina Population Center.

Robert J. Earickson, a medical geographer, is an emeritus professor of geography at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

Table of Contents

1 Questions of Medical Geography
1(20)
Definitions and Terminology
2(3)
Traditions and Evolution
5(10)
The Course of Medical Geography
15(6)
2 The Human Ecology of Disease
21(38)
Health
22(3)
The Triangle of Human Ecology
25(14)
Evolution, Adaptation, and Emergence
39(3)
Nutrition and Health
42(9)
Conclusion
51(8)
Vignette 2-1. Biological Classifications of Importance to Health
55(4)
3 Landscape Epidemiology
59(48)
Regions
60(1)
Transmissible Disease Systems
61(9)
The Landscape Epidemiology Approach
70(7)
The Cultural Dimension of Water-Dependent Disease Transmission
77(17)
Regionalization
94(2)
Conclusion
96(11)
Vignette 3-1. Physical Zonation of Climates and Biomes
100(3)
Vignette 3-2. Field Mapping for Landscape Epidemiology
103(4)
4 Developmental Change and Human Health
107(44)
The Context of Population Change
108(11)
Mobility and Exposure
119(3)
Ecological Complications
122(4)
Land Development and Health Consequences
126(10)
Urbanization
136(4)
Emerging Diseases
140(4)
Frameworks and Arguments
144(7)
5 The Biometeorology of Health Status
151(32)
Direct Biometeorological Influences
152(7)
The Influences of the Weather
159(6)
Seasonality of Death and Birth
165(6)
Conclusion
171(12)
Vignette 5-1. Monthly Indexes
175(1)
Vignette 5-2. Seasonality of Birth
176(7)
6 The Pollution Syndrome
183(32)
Toxic Hazards of Natural and Economic Origins
184(16)
Radioactive Pollution
200(7)
Globalization and the Perception of Health Hazards
207(4)
Conclusion
211(4)
7 Geographies of Disease in Economically Developed Areas
215(47)
The Poverty Syndrome
218(2)
Issues of Race in the Study of Health Risks
220(2)
Cancer
222(11)
Cardiovascular Disease
233(9)
Mental Illness
242(4)
Unknown Etiology and Other Questions
246(2)
Conclusion
248(14)
Vignette 7-1. Women's Health
254(8)
8 Disease Diffusion in Space
262(48)
Terminology
263(4)
Disease Diffusion
267(2)
Modeling Disease Diffusion
269(17)
Geographic Approaches to the Pandemic of AIDS
286(15)
Other Epidemics
301(9)
Vignette 8-1. Diffusion Waves and the Logistic Curve
306(2)
Vignette 8-2. Diffusion Simulation
308(2)
9 Heath Care Delivery Systems Worldwide
310(33)
Health Care Delivery Systems
310(1)
The Multidisciplinary Approach
311(2)
Medical Pluralism
313(1)
History of the World's Major Medical Systems
313(9)
National/Regional Examples
322(17)
Conclusion
339(4)
10 Distribution of Health Care Resources 343(38)
Resource Inventories
346(1)
The Spatial Distribution of Resources
347(4)
Geographic Study of Resource Distribution
351(20)
Conclusion
371(12)
Vignette 10-1. Application of Spatial Statistics to Health Care Delivery
376(5)
11 Accessibility, Utilization, and Health Services Planning 381(20)
Factors in Provider-Consumer Contacts
383(10)
Current Topics
393(4)
Conclusion
397(4)
12 Data, Measures, and Methodologies 401(37)
Types of Data and Terminology
401(3)
Rates and Ratios
404(5)
Age Structure and Its Complications
409(4)
Age Standardization
413(3)
Epidemiological Design
416(4)
Statistics
420(5)
Conclusion
425(14)
Vignette 12-1. Data on the Web
428(2)
Vignette 12-2. Chi-Square Statistical Test
430(5)
Vignette 12-3. Bivariate Regression and Correlation
435(3)
13 Scale, Spatial Analysis, and Geographic Visualization 438(47)
Some Issues of Scale
439(5)
Mapping
444(17)
Geographic Information Systems
461(8)
A Summary Example: Spatial Analysis of CVD in Savannah
469(4)
Conclusion
473(12)
Vignette 13-1. Spatial Autocorrelation
478(4)
Vignette 13-2. Microspatial Exposure Analysis
482(3)
Concluding Words 485(3)
Index 488(13)
About the Authors 501

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