Questions of Medical Geography | p. 1 |
What's in a Name? | p. 2 |
A Brief History of Medical Geography | p. 9 |
Definitions and Terminology | p. 17 |
The Challenge of Medical Geography | p. 21 |
References | p. 22 |
Further Reading | p. 24 |
The Human Ecology of Disease | p. 26 |
Health | p. 27 |
The Triangle of Human Ecology | p. 30 |
Transmission and Creation of Infectious Disease | p. 44 |
Nutrition and Health | p. 55 |
Conclusion | p. 65 |
References | p. 65 |
Further Reading | p. 67 |
Biological Classifications of Importance to Health | p. 68 |
Maps and Geographic Information Systems in Medical Geography | p. 73 |
Cartography of Disease | p. 74 |
Types of Maps: Some Issues | p. 77 |
Geographic Information Systems | p. 83 |
Disease Maps on the Web | p. 91 |
Conclusion | p. 93 |
References | p. 94 |
Further Reading | p. 95 |
Landscape Epidemiology | p. 98 |
Regions | p. 99 |
Transmissible Disease Systems | p. 100 |
The Landscape Epidemiology Approach | p. 110 |
The Cultural Dimension of Water-Based Disease Transmission | p. 116 |
The Cultural Ecology of Tick-Borne and Other Transmissible Diseases | p. 131 |
Regionalization | p. 136 |
Ecological Complications | p. 138 |
Conclusion | p. 142 |
References | p. 142 |
Further Reading | p. 143 |
Field Mapping for Landscape Epidemiology | p. 145 |
Transitions and Development | p. 149 |
Ecologies of Population Change: Multiple Transitions | p. 150 |
Major Impacts of Population Change | p. 162 |
Nutrition in Transition | p. 165 |
The Mobility Transition and Time-Space Geography | p. 168 |
Disease Ecologies of the Agricultural Frontier | p. 173 |
Other Development Impacts on Rural Ecologies | p. 180 |
World Urbanization and Changing Disease Ecologies | p. 184 |
Globalization of Movements | p. 192 |
Conclusion: Emerging Diseases in Your Future | p. 195 |
References | p. 196 |
Further Reading | p. 199 |
Age Standardization | p. 201 |
Microspatial Exposure Analysis | p. 204 |
Climate and Weather: Influences on Health | p. 207 |
Direct Biometeorological Influences | p. 209 |
The Influences of the Weather | p. 215 |
Seasonality of Death and Birth | p. 221 |
How Climate Change Is Likely to Affect Health and Disease | p. 227 |
Conclusion | p. 232 |
References | p. 234 |
Further Reading | p. 236 |
Monthly Indexes | p. 236 |
Seasonality of Birth | p. 238 |
Physical Zonation of Climates and Biomes | p. 244 |
The Pollution Syndrome | p. 247 |
Toxic Hazards of Natural and Economic Origins | p. 248 |
Outdoor Air Pollution | p. 249 |
Indoor Air Pollution | p. 259 |
Water Pollution | p. 260 |
Radioactive Pollution | p. 265 |
Risk Assessment and Prevention | p. 271 |
Globalization and the Perception of Health Hazards | p. 272 |
The Geometry of Hazards, Power, and Policy | p. 274 |
Conclusion | p. 276 |
References | p. 276 |
Further Reading | p. 279 |
Political Ecology of Noncommunicable Diseases | p. 281 |
The Dimension of Mortality | p. 283 |
The Poverty Syndrome | p. 288 |
Race in the Study of Health Risks | p. 292 |
Gender: Women's Health | p. 294 |
Causal Reasoning and Epidemiological Design | p. 300 |
Disease Ecology: Cancer | p. 304 |
Disease Ecology: Cardiovascular Disease | p. 314 |
Unknown Etiology and Other Questions | p. 325 |
The Precautionary Principle and Some Political Ecology of Research | p. 329 |
Conclusion | p. 333 |
References | p. 334 |
Further Reading | p. 337 |
Neighborhoods and Health | p. 339 |
The Concept of Neighborhood Health | p. 339 |
Neighborhood Definition and Units | p. 341 |
Analyzing Neighborhood Effects on Health | p. 345 |
Effects of the Built Environment on Health | p. 346 |
The Challenges of Neighborhood Health Studies | p. 347 |
Conclusion | p. 348 |
References | p. 348 |
Further Reading | p. 350 |
Disease Diffusion in Space | p. 351 |
Terminology | p. 352 |
Disease Diffusion | p. 358 |
Modeling Disease Diffusion | p. 359 |
Influenzas | p. 375 |
Geographic Approaches to the Pandemic of AIDS | p. 380 |
Other Epidemics | p. 398 |
References | p. 398 |
Further Reading | p. 401 |
Diffusion Waves or Stochastic Simulation of Individual Contact? | p. 403 |
Health Care and Promotion | p. 407 |
Asclepius: Provision of Medical Care | p. 409 |
Asclepius Unrobed: Cultural Alternatives and Perceptions | p. 431 |
Hygeia: Health Promotion | p. 442 |
References | p. 444 |
Further Reading | p. 447 |
Application of Spatial Statistics to Health Care Delivery | p. 448 |
Scale, Spatial Analysis, and Geographic Visualization | p. 453 |
Some Issues of Scale | p. 454 |
The Ecological Fallacy | p. 454 |
Scale of Analysis and Units of Observation | p. 455 |
Sources for Spatial Disease Data | p. 458 |
Visualizing and Summarizing Disease Distributions | p. 459 |
Spatial Analysis | p. 463 |
Spatial Statistics | p. 466 |
Conclusion | p. 468 |
References | p. 468 |
Further Reading | p. 469 |
Chi-Square Statistical Test | p. 471 |
Regression Analysis | p. 474 |
Spatial Autocorrelation | p. 479 |
Concluding Words | p. 483 |
Index | p. 486 |
About the Authors | p. 498 |
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