Mexico : Political, Social, and Economic Evolution,9780199744039

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Mexico : Political, Social, and Economic Evolution

by Nora Hamilton

ISBN13:

9780199744039

ISBN10:

0199744033

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

11/10/2010

Publisher(s):

Oxford University Press, USA

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Summary

Mexico: Political, Social and Economic Evolution provides a compelling overview of the profound changes that have taken place within Mexico over the past twenty-five years. Offering a multifaceted take on the evolution of contemporary Mexico, the text analyzes the relationship between Mexico's past and present; the connections between its economic, political and social trajectories; and the interaction between domestic and international forces. Unlike most texts on Mexican politics and history, this volume also discusses the emergence of civic organizations, social groups and protest movements; the process of Mexico-U.S. migration and its implications for contemporary Mexico; and U.S.-Mexico relations. FEATURES * Opens with a broad historical overview of Mexico and closes with a discussion of the challenges facing Mexico today * Examines different social and institutional actors --policy makers, business groups, social organizations, grassroots movements, guerrilla organizations, workers, indigenous groups, transnational corporations and migrants--how they interact with one another and how they have directly or indirectly influenced changes in Mexico * Draws material from a rich variety of sources, including extensive research in Mexico and interviews with Mexican and U.S. scholars * Incorporates diverse theoretical perspectives in its discussion of many issues (democracy and democratic transition, modernization and development, social movements, civil society and international migration)

Author Biography

Nora Hamilton is Professor of Political Science at the University of Southern California.

List of Figures, Maps and Tables	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xii
Chronology of Mexican History	p. xiv
Introduction	p. 1
Mexico in the Latin American Context	p. 2
Analytical Approach	p. 4
Setting the Stage: An Introduction to Mexico	p. 6
Brief Overview of Mexico's 20th Century Trajectory	p. 6
Identification of Major Social Actors	p. 8
Legacies	p. 14
Pre-Colombian Mexico	p. 15
The Colonial Period: 1521-1821	p. 17
Independence and the Early Republic: 1821-1910	p. 25
The Early Republic and the Liberal Reform: 1821-1876	p. 25
The Porfiriato: 1876-1910	p. 29
The Revolution: 1910-1940	p. 32
Forces in Conflict: The Trajectory of Revolution (1910-1920)	p. 32
The Establishment of the Post-Revolutionary Order: I. The Sonoran Dynasty (1920-1934)	p. 34
The Establishment of the Post-Revolutionary Order: II. The Government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940)	p. 49
Discussion	p. 59
The "Pax Priista" and the "Mexican Miracle"	p. 62
The 1940 Elections and the Post-Cárdenas Administrations	p. 64
The Mexican Political System: The Institutional Revolution	p. 67
Mexico's Economic Miracle	p. 71
Conceptualizing Development	p. 71
The Economic Model	p. 72
The "Economic Miracle" and Its Implications	p. 76
Flaws in the Model	p. 80
Resistance, Co-Optation and Repression	p. 83
Labor and Peasant Resistance	p. 83
The Student Movement of 1968	p. 87
From Vulnerability to Crisis	p. 93
The Echeverría Government: The Limits to Reformism	p. 96
Jose López Portillo: Oil to the Rescue?	p. 100
Conclusions	p. 105
Reorienting Mexico's Economy: The Process of Economic Liberalization	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Changing Context/Shifting Alliances	p. 108
International Context	p. 108
Domestic Conditions	p. 109
Economic Stabilization and Restructuring: 1982-1994	p. 113
Monetary Stabilization	p. 114
Trade Liberalization	p. 115
Privatization	p. 116
Deregulation	p. 118
The "Flexibilization" of Labor	p. 119
The Modernization of the Countryside	p. 120
The North American Free Trade Agreement	p. 122
The Impact of Economic Liberalization	p. 126
From Euphoria to Disillusion: The Peso Crisis	p. 133
Conclusions	p. 135
From "Perfect Dictatorship" to Imperfect Democracy	p. 136
Introduction	p. 136
Conceptualizations of Democracy and Democratic Transition	p. 138
A Model of Democratization in Mexico	p. 144
The 1988 Elections and the Administration of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994)	p. 146
1994 and the Administration of Ernesto Zedillo (1994-2000)	p. 152
Mexico's Political Trajectory: A Summary	p. 160
The Fox Administration (2000-2006)	p. 162
The Contentious Election of 2006	p. 165
Democratization in Mexico: Achievements and Obstacles	p. 170
Mobilization and Resistance: Grassroots Organizing, Social Movements and Cycles of Protest	p. 174
Perspectives on Social Mobilization and Protest Movements	p. 175
Urban Protest Movements and the Asamblea de Barrios (Neighborhood Assembly)	p. 179
Chiapas and the Zapatistas	p. 183
Debtors in Revolt: The Barzón Movement	p. 191
The Risks of Being an Ecologist: Community Forestry and Human Rights in Guerrero	p. 194
Labor Mobilization and the New Trade Unionism	p. 198
Grassroots Protest in Oaxaca: Local 22 and the Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca (APPO)	p. 201
Women in Social Movements	p. 207
Discussion	p. 212
Mexicans on the Move: Migration, Settlement and Transnational Activism	p. 218
Introduction: Migration Stories	p. 218
Concepts and Issues	p. 219
Mexican Migration in Historical Perspective	p. 225
"The border crossed us."	p. 225
Migration during the Porfiriato and the Revolutionary Period	p. 225
Migration between the 1940s and the 1970s	p. 227
Political Activism among Mexican Americans in the United States	p. 230
Economic Crisis, Neoliberalism and Contemporary Migration	p. 231
The Mexican Presence in the United States Today	p. 233
Living across Borders: Mexicans as Transnational Actors	p. 234
Migration from a Traditional Sending Area: The Case of Zacatecas	p. 241
Indigenous Migration: Mixtecs and Zapotecs from Oaxaca	p. 245
Migration and Personal Transformation	p. 247
Review and Discussion: Mexican Migration and U.S.-Mexican Relations	p. 250
U.S.-Mexico Relations: Current Issues	p. 255
NAFTA and the Mexican Economy	p. 257
The Drug Trade	p. 263
Migration Policies in the United States and Mexico	p. 271
Conclusions	p. 278
Mexico's Evolution: Legacies and Challenges	p. 281
The Evolution of Socio-Economic Actors	p. 281
The Growing Heterogeneity of Political Actors	p. 286
Changing External Relations and International Actors	p. 288
Unresolved Issues and New Challenges	p. 293
Notes	p. 295
Bibliography	p. 315
Credits	p. 339
Index	p. 341
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